Unit 1. The Body in Sport

Transcription

1 Unit 1 The Body in Sport 1. What is the function of the skeletal system and how do bones grow? Complete the worksheet on the functions of the skeletal system. PASS1 2. Name the main bones in the skeletal system? Complete the word search on the skeletal system. PASS1 3. There are many different types of joints which assist in the movement of the skeleton. Research these joints and their range of movement. Also complete the following; Complete the two worksheets on the joints. Look at the diagram of the tennis player and label the joints they are using when completing a serve in tennis. Design a table, list seven different types of Synovial joint, give examples of them in the human body and what type of movement is allowed? MERIT 1 4. The Body moves in different directions. Define these different movements and draw a diagram to explain your definitions, (complete worksheet 5 and 6). For each movement types, identify 3 examples from 3 different sports, of each type of movement? MERIT 1.

2 5. Look at the previous research you have done on synovial joints. Now choose 3 different types of physical activity and identify what bones you are using and what movement is occurring? Use pictures to help you explain your answers. MERIT 1 6. You have now looked at the movement of the joints and the skeleton during certain sporting situations. Now identify and explain the effects of exercise on bones and joints. This will include the short-term effects and the long-term effects. PASS 2, MERIT2 Assessment Criteria Describe the structure and function of the skeleton, and how bones grow. PASS 1 Identify the effects of exercise on bones and joints. PASS 2 Identify the movement occurring at synovial joints during three types of physical activity. MERIT 1 Explain the effects of exercise on bones and joints. MERIT 2

3 Task 2 1. Identify the different muscles in the body. PASS 3 2. Describe the different types of muscles in the body. PASS 3 3. Complete a short introduction to how muscles move and complete the missing words worksheet on skeletal muscle. Muscles work in pairs to provide movement for physical activity. Describe the following; Prime movers. Antagonistic. To re-enforce your knowledge complete the worksheets on muscles working in pairs. Also complete the functions of different muscles in different sports worksheet. PASS 3 4. Muscles contract to produce movement. Describe the following types of muscle contraction and give 4 different sporting scenarios using each of the contractions; Isometric contraction. Isotonic concentric contraction. Isotonic eccentric contraction. MERIT 3

4 5. Choose 4 sporting movements. For each sporting movement, include the following and use diagrams to explain your answers; Which bones are being used? Which muscles are being used and how do they work in order for the body to move in that direction? What type of muscle contraction is being used and explain this idea. DISTINCTION 1 6. In Task 1 you explained the effects of exercise on bones and joints. If you were to train your body over a period of time by doing exercise and putting stress on the body. Identify what effects of exercise would there be on the muscles. PASS 4 7. Now you need to analyse the effects of exercise on the musculoskeletal system. This will include the short-term effects of exercise and the long-term effects of exercise. DISTINCTION 2 Assessment Criteria Describe the different types of muscle, the major muscles in the body, and how muscles move. PASS 3 Identify the effects of exercise on skeletal muscles. PASS 4 Give examples of different types of muscular contraction relating to four different types of physical activity. MERIT 3 Analyse four sporting movements, detailing the musculoskeletal actions occurring, and the contractions that are necessary. DISTINCTION 1 Analyse the effects of exercise on the musculoskeletal system. DISTINCTION 2

5 Task 3 1. Give a brief description of the Cardiovascular system and what is its main function. PASS 5 2. Label the heart muscle. Use the worksheet to help you complete this. PASS 5 3. Define the following terms; Heart Rate Stroke Volume Cardiac Output PASS 5 4. The Cardiac Cycle Describe the function of the heart, (show the direction of the blood flow through the heart).how does the heart work? What happens to the blood as it flows through the heart, use diastole and systole to help you? PASS 5 5. When we are resting we have a slow pulse rate or resting pulse rate. What are the short and long term effects to the heart when we start to exercise? MERIT 4 Assessment Criteria Describe the structure and function of the cardiovascular system and how it is affected by exercise. PASS 5 Explain the effects of exercise on the cardiovascular system. MERIT 4

6 Task 4 1. Give a brief description of the Respiratory system and what is the main function of this system. PASS 6 2. Label the structure of the respiratory system. PASS 6 3. Define and understand the following terms; Breathing Frequency Tidal Volume Minute Ventilation Vital Capacity Total Lung Capacity Residual Lung Capacity PASS 6 4. Describe the mechanism of Breathing? PASS 6 5. Describe the short term and long term responses of the respiratory system to exercise? Use the above definitions to help you describe and explain your ideas. PASS 6 6. Explain the effects of exercise on the respiratory system? Both the short term effects and the long term effects. MERIT 5 7. Collect all the research you have gathered on the heart and the respiratory system, this is known as the cardio respiratory system. You now need to analyse in more detail the effects of exercise on the cardio respiratory system. DISTINCTION 3

7 Assessment Criteria Describe the structure and function of the respiratory system and how it is affected by exercise. PASS 6 Explain the effects of exercise on the respiratory system. MERIT 5 Analyse the effects of exercise on the cardiorespiratory system. DISTINCTION 3

8 Task 5 1. The main types of energy system you are going to research are; Anaerobic Energy System Aerobic Energy System Give a brief description of each energy system and give advantages and disadvantages of each of them. Also identify two types of physical activity that use the aerobic system and two that use the anaerobic system? PASS 7 2. In order for the human body to do any form of movement in order to survive, the body needs energy in order to work. Choose 4 different types of physical activity and explain the energy requirements for these different activities? MERIT 6 Assessment Criteria Identify two types of physical activity that use the aerobic energy system and two that use the anaerobic system. PASS 7 Explain the energy requirements of four different types of physical activity. MERIT 6

9 The Anaerobic System This system requires the breakdown of carbohydrate-type foods. Carbohydrates are broken down to form glucose and are stored as glycogen in the body. The Anaerobic system does not require oxygen to provide the body with energy. The lack of oxygen results in a build up of lactic acid. Lactic acid is formed as a waste product, lactic acid causes fatigue. If exercise continues beyond 10 seconds at the same intensity there will be a build up of lactic acid and carbon dioxide. These waste products need to be removed, either by reducing the intensity of exercise or stopping the activity. If neither action is taken, the muscles become tired and breathing rate increases. This will eventually result in the activity stopping. Advantages of this system are that: Disadvantages of this system: The Aerobic system The aerobic system is a long term energy system. Uses carbohydrates and fats, known as glycogen. It also uses energy supplied from protein. The aerobic system provides energy for continued low to moderate intensity exercise. There is a much greater amount of energy available during this system. The aerobic system goes through various chemical reactions that produce carbon dioxide and water as by-products.

10 The aerobic system makes available vast amounts of energy during exercise. Advantages; Disadvantages;