Canadian Wildland Fire Monitoring System (CWFMS)

Transcription

1 Canadian Wildland Fire Monitoring System (CWFMS) Jeffrey Cain, Ph.D., P.Eng. COM DEV International Feb 2 nd, st Canadian SmallSat Symposium Toronto, Canada

2 Acknowledgements The presenter would like to acknowledge the contributions of the entire CWFMS microsatellite team which includes representatives from all of the following organizations The CWFMS mission study is funded by the Canadian Space Agency with NGC Aerospace as the prime contractor

3 Canadian Wildlands Canada contains 28% of the world s boreal zone and approximately 410 million hectares of forests and woodlands On average, there has been an increase in the frequency and intensity of forest fires over the past 30 years Continued global warming of the boreal region will make this trend worse In addition, there are new types of fuel being created in Canada due to issues like Tree mortality from the expansion of insects Thawing peatlands Forest composition across Canada Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Ottawa

4 Canadian Wildland Fires Canadian forests intense, fast-spreading wildfires have a large impact on the Canadian economy and the well-being of Canadians: Significant health and safety hazards: the destruction of communities and industrial activities; smoke can travel great distances and severely degrade air quality Approximately $1 billion yearly to manage; Including detection, suppression and evacuation of communities

5 A snapshot from last year Week of Sept 2 nd During the peak burning months (May Sept) weekly situation reports are filed. The report from Sept 2 nd states that there were 77 new fires Of the existing, active fires 20 uncontrolled 131 controlled 261 modified response There had been 6,669 fires to date 10 year average is 5,301 3,953,043 ha had been burned (9.8 million acres) 5 CSRS, 10 June 2015 CWFMS

6 Fire management and data collection In Canada, Fire management is primarily conducted by provincial and territorial government agencies Fire research is performed by Canadian Forestry Services (under NRCan) fire specialists Information is gathered from ground, airborne and space resources but none provide the quality and/or timeliness of the data that is required Existing systems tend to cover only localized areas with a focus on areas that have the greatest impact to the Canadian population There are a number of existing and planned space assets, but they tend to Have insufficient spatial resolution and dynamic range, Have insufficient data latency, or Provide insufficient coverage of the Canadian forests

7 Available Remote-Sensing Data 7 CSRS, 10 June 2015 CWFMS

8 National Burn Area Composite (NBAC) Desire To ensure the best available burn area products across Canada at any time Actual Access to burn area products available from multi-sources, BUT at different times SPOT VGT Agencies SPOT VGT (coarse res.) Rules Agencies (LFDB) Landsat (fine res.) MODIS Landsat

9 Objectives of the CWFMS mission CWFMS uses a single space platform to meet the mandates of several Canadian Government Departments within a reasonable cost envelope Additional assets can improve data latency and temporal coverage

10 Objectives of the CWFMS mission The objective is to develop a Canadian wildland fire monitoring and tracking system which provides Near real-time information in support of wildland fire management Emission measurements in support of international requirements for carbon reporting and for air quality forecasting

11 Objectives of the CWFMS mission The space platform reduces ongoing operational costs by providing Continuous monitoring of the whole of Canada Short delay between the fire start time and its detection Accurate data on fire intensity, growth, location, fuel type and air quality

12 Mission priorities The mission priorities are to Provide reliable fire radiative power data with the goal of enabling the calculation of the fire radiative energy Requires higher frequency FRP measurements (e.g. 6 hours) Provide data on hotspots in order to determine and correlate active fire perimeter maps Make rate of spread measurements based on the changes in hotspot data over time Perform burned area mapping

13 Coverage and imaging requirements The satellite is required to Provide the capability to observe any point within the AoI at least once every 24 hours Observe at least one point within the AoI during the peak burning period (15:00 and 19:00 local time) Low data latency (<30 minutes for priority data) High accuracy geo-referencing Improved spatial resolution over existing systems (<500m) Intensive Protection Zone : Operations will need to be set in motion when a wildfire is detected High revisit needed Modified Response Zone : no operations will need to be set in motion Lower revisit needed 13 CSRS, 10 June 2015 CWFMS

14 Observation bands Spectral bands can be added to MWIR and LWIR cameras for new applications MWIR Used for high temperature events and FRP measurements LWIR Used for false detection (sun glint) and sub pixel fire characterization NIR Cloud mapping and mapping of grass curing (fuel measurement) VIS-Red Cloud mapping and burned area mapping Camera Spectral band (um) GSD (m) Detector Solution Vis-NIR B1: (green) B2: (red) 250 High density CCD B3: (NIR) SWIR B4: Staggered arrays of 1024x1 InGaAs photodiodes MWIR B5: LWIR B6: B7: Staggered arrays of 512x3 VO x microbolometers

15 Mission implementation CWFMS MISSION CWFMS Satellite Inuvik Optional Payload data downlink Prince Albert Gatineau S-band TT&C and payload data Satellite Control Centre (SCC) PayloadTasking Payload Telemetry (health/housekeeping) Payload Data (Level 0) Spacecraft Position/Pointing Data Processing Centre (DPC) 30 min Processing Cycle Level 1b Priority Radiance Data Daily Processing Cycle Level 1b Radiance Data

16 Microsatellite design example Mission Parameters: Orbit Type Altitude Swath Width Satellite Weight Sun-Synchronous, dawn-dusk (6am/6pm LTAN) 585 km 1200 km 140 kg 16 CSRS, 10 June 2015 CWFMS

17 Average daily coverage single satellite

18 Using a bent pipe architecture gives

19 Mission products Fire maps location, extent, timing Fire characteristics fire line intensity, rate of spread, fuel consumption Plume dynamics smoke transport maps, plume heights Emissions mass of carbon released into atmosphere Water surface temperatures (secondary product)

20 Applications and services Assist Provinces, Territories and Parks Canada with fire management by offering monitoring coast to coast active fire detection and monitoring tool for remote regions supplying data for hotspots and burned area for the National Burned Area Composite (NBAC) Assists Environment Canada by measuring FRP to estimate trace gas and particulate emissions providing model inputs for improved air quality and smoke transport models

21 National Burn Area Composite (NBAC) Ensure the best available burn area products across-canada at any time Access to burn area products available from one source at the same time

22 Thank you.