1- Which geographic factor had a major influence on the development of both Egyptian and Babylonian civilizations?

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1 Regents Multiple-Choice Questions from the First Unit of Study: 1- Which geographic factor had a major influence on the development of both Egyptian and Babylonian civilizations? (1) river valleys (2) cool temperatures (3) locations near a strait (4) mountains 2- Which feature would most likely be included in an economic system based on traditional agriculture and self-sufficiency? (1) banks (2) barter (3) gold standard (4) tariffs 3- Slash-and-burn farming techniques are typically practiced by (1) people who live along rivers that deposit rich soil during floods (2) subsistence farmers who plant an area until the soil loses its fertility (3) farmers who rely on chemical fertilization and pesticides (4) nomads who use pastures for their livestock 4- Which source of information is considered a primary source? (1) travel diary of Ibn Battuta (2) modern novel about the Golden Age of Islam (3) textbook on the history of North Africa (4) dictionary of English words adapted from Arabic 5- Which continent s economic and political development has been influenced by the Andes Mountains and the Amazon River? (1) Asia (3) Europe (2) Africa (4) South America 6- Planting wheat and barley Domesticating animals Establishing permanent homes and villages At the beginning of the Neolithic Revolution, the most direct impact of these developments was on (1) religion and government (2) transportation and trade (3) diet and shelter (4) climate and topography

2 7- Kushites adapted Egyptian art and architecture. Greeks adopted Phoenician characters for an alphabet. Arabs used the Indian mathematical concept of zero. These actions are examples of (1) filial piety (3) scientific research (2) cultural diffusion (4) ethnocentrism If a man has knocked out the teeth of a man of the same rank, his own teeth shall be knocked out. If he has knocked out the teeth of a plebeian (commoner), he shall pay one-third of a mina of silver.... Code of Hammurabi Which statement is supported by this excerpt from Hammurabi s code of laws? (1) All men are equal under the law. (2) Fines are preferable to physical punishment. (3) Law sometimes distinguishes between social classes. (4) Violence must always be punished with violence. Base your answer to question 9 on the map below and on your knowledge of social studies. 9- The main purpose of this map is to illustrate the location of (1) overseas trade routes (3) river valley civilizations (2) early belief systems (4) burial sites of ancient rulers 10- Which feature would most likely be shown on a physical map? (1) population density (3) climate (2) vegetation zones (4) mountain ranges 11- Which social scientist specializes in studying issues such as the scarcity of resources and availability of goods?

3 (1) anthropologist (3) economist (2) sociologist (4) archaeologist 12- Which aspect of social science would a geographer most likely study in depth? (1) how beliefs influence the behavior of a group of people (2) how economic events influence history (3) how location influences the way people live (4) how people influence governmental decisions 13- One similarity between the ancient civilizations in Egypt and in China is that they developed (1) nomadic lifestyles (2) monotheistic belief systems (3) democratic governments (4) written forms of communication 14- Which aspect of geography is most influenced by these factors? (1) natural boundaries (2) climate (3) topography (4) mineral resources 15- Which activity would be most characteristic of people in a traditional society? (1) serving in government assemblies (2) working in an industrialized city (3) having the same occupation as their parents (4) establishing a mercantile system of trade 16- Which factor led to the development of civilizations in ancient Mesopotamia? (1) political harmony (2) favorable geography (3) religious differences (4) universal education 17-

4 In which region did these geographic factors have an impact on European exploration and colonization? (1) South America (2) Southeast Asia (3) subcontinent of India (4) Africa 18- What is the main reason the Neolithic Revolution is considered a turning point in world history? (1) Fire was used as a source of energy for the first time. (2) Spoken language was used to improve communication. (3) Domestication of animals and cultivation of crops led to settled communities. (4) Stone tools and weapons were first developed. 19- A similarity between Bantu migrations in Africa and migrations of the ancient Aryans into South Asia is that both moved (1) across the Atlantic Ocean (2) from rural lands to urban areas (3) in search of additional food sources (4) for religious freedom 20- Which heading best completes the partial outline below? (1) Economic Development in Ancient Egypt (2) Cultural Diffusion in Mohenjo-Daro (3) Features of the Old Stone Age (4) Characteristics of Civilizations 21- Which heading best completes the partial outline below?

5 (1) Rivers Are Barriers to Interdependence (2) Economic Issues Influence National Goals (3) Geography Affects Human Behavior (4) Governments Control the Actions of Citizens 22- Siberian Plain Sahara Desert Amazon Basin Mongolian Steppes One characteristic common to these areas is that they all (1) have a low population density (2) are located between major river valleys (3) are major religious centers (4) have large areas of valuable farmland 23- The main purpose of a time line is to show the (1) causes and effects of wars (2) location of important places (3) benefits of modern civilizations (4) chronological relationship between events 24- Throughout history, people have lived on savannas, in deserts, in mountains, along river valleys, along coastlines, and on islands. This statement demonstrates that people (1) adapt their surroundings (2) develop a common language (3) organize similar forms of government (4) prefer to live in isolated areas 25- In a command economy, economic decisions are mostly influenced by (1) consumer demands (2) government policies (3) private investors (4) banking practices 26- How did the introduction of agriculture affect early peoples? (1) Societies became nomadic. (2) Food production declined. (3) Civilizations developed. (4) Birthrates decreased rapidly. 27- If a man has destroyed the eye of a free man, his own eye shall be destroyed. If a man has knocked out the teeth of a man of the same rank, his own teeth shall be knocked out.

6 These rules are based on the (1) Analects of Confucius (2) Code of Hammurabi (3) Ten Commandments (4) Koran (Qur an) 28- Which social scientists are best known for studying the physical artifacts of a culture? (1) geographers (3) economists (2) archaeologists (4) sociologists 29- Oceans are an important source of food in Japan. Terrace farming is used in many parts of China. Irrigation systems are widely used in India. Which conclusion can best be drawn from these statements? (1) Many civilizations use irrigation to improve crop production. (2) People adapt to meet the challenges of their geography. (3) Fish provide adequate protein for the Japanese. (4) Most nations are dependent on the same food source. 30- Which statement most accurately describes how geography affected the growth of the ancient civilizations of Egypt and Mesopotamia? (1) River valleys provided rich soil to grow plentiful crops. (2) Large deserts provided many mineral deposits. (3) Access to the Atlantic Ocean provided trade routes. (4) Large savanna areas provided protection from invaders. 31- The exchange of silks and spices and the spread of Buddhism along the Silk Roads are examples of (1) cultural diffusion (3) ethnocentrism (2) self-sufficiency (4) desertification 32 During which period did the domestication of animals and growing of crops first occur? (1) Iron Age (2) Old Stone Age (3) Neolithic Revolution (4) Scientific Revolution Base your answer to question 33 on the statements below and on your knowledge of social studies. The fertile soil of river valleys allowed early civilizations to develop and flourish. In the 1500s and 1600s, control of the Strait of Malacca determined who traded in the Spice Islands. Because Japan is an island that is mostly mountainous, people live in densely populated areas along the coast. 33- Which conclusion is best supported by these statements?

7 (1) Major urban centers are found only along rivers. (2) The geography of a nation or region influences its development. (3) Without mountains and rivers, people cannot develop a culture. (4) The spread of new ideas is discouraged by trade and conquest. 34- Which statement about cultural diffusion in Asia is most accurate? (1) Byzantine traders brought the Justinian Code to China. (2) Roman legions introduced Christianity to India. (3) Indian monks brought Islam to the Middle East. (4) Chinese ideas and practices spread into Korea and Japan. 35- Archaeologists Revise Historical Interpretations After New Discovery New Research Sheds Light on Causes of World War I Computer Technology Helps Reconstruct Ancient Languages These headlines indicate that the understanding of historical facts (1) remains the same over time (2) is passed down from one generation to another (3) reflects a variety of personal opinions (4) is shaped by the available evidence