A Preliminary Study on the BIPV System Applied with Passive Design for Energy Saving

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1 , pp A Preliminary Study on the BIPV System Applied with Passive Design for Energy Saving Kyung Soo Kim 1.1, Ri, Ryu 1.2, Yongseong Kim 1.3 The Graduate School of Techno Design, Kookmin University, Jeongneung-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, , KOREA k.kyungs216@gmail.com 1.1, ri23414@hanmail.net 1.2, yongkim@kookmin.ac.kr 1.3 Abstract. Since the building envelope plays a vital role in indoor energy saving not for its simple function of marking a distinction between indoors and outdoors, studies on the building envelope are being carried out continuously. The purpose of this study is to carry out a preliminary study on the energy saving building envelope design through an analysis of technological elements applied to the passive design for energy saving in the building envelope by considering the elements of passive design. Keywords: Passive Design, Facade, BIPV system, Smart Facade, Energy saving 1 Introduction In pre-modern times the building envelope played the role of protecting indoor space, marking the boundary between indoors and outdoors and lending an aesthetic sense to a room or building. However, in more modern times various environmental issues have been raised about the architectural design of buildings such as concern over energy usage and so previously utilized functional elements are being discarded in favor of eco-friendly technology elements in order to save energy. This has led to more studies on building energy saving techniques such as passive design. Therefore, this study aims to consider technological elements related to the building envelope that can be applied to the passive system. Furthermore, the study seeks to obtain preliminary data on energy-saving building envelopes through the BIPV system, which is one of technological elements of the building envelope. ISSN: ASTL Copyright 2016 SERSC

2 2 Passive Design 2.1 Concept and Technology elements of Passive Design The dictionary meaning of passive design states that it is a design for cooling and heating that saves energy by controlling the flow of heat through the structure by means of radiation, convection and conduction without using a separate mechanical device at the design stage [1] and that the characteristics of passive design include the exclusion of mechanical facilities, promotion of thermal comfort for the user, minimization of energy consumption and utilization of heating and cooling effects from the flow of heat and natural elements. When planning the passive design, the environmental elements of a site should be considered as a key factor in order to utilize natural energy. Passive design features applied with natural energy should include elements related to the sun, wind, water and plants, and detailed elements related to the sun include skylight and awnings, detailed elements related to the wind include ventilation, cooling and heating, detailed elements related to water include rainwater and water resources, and detailed elements related to plants include the green roof system and green water system and detailed elements related to temperature include heat storage and heat insulation. The envelope applied to the passive design is an important aspect in the attempt to reduce energy consumption in the internal space, and the passive technological elements applied to the envelope are as shown in Table 1. Table 1. Envelope technology elements applied to the passive system Opening Wall Window Awning High insulation High performance Heat storing reagent Green system BIPV system, Double envelope, Light-shelf, Daylight duct, Prism glass Luver, Blind, Awning High insulation double glazing glass, High insulation window system High insulation outer wall Thermal storage wall Green wall system 2.2 Small Conclusions In this chapter, the dictionary definition of passive design with respect to the key technologies applied to the envelope is considered. The envelope is the component that is subject to various internal and external influences and it is considered one of the most important elements with respect to energy saving. Therefore, the BIPV system, which is a system that utilizes solar energy and reduces indoor energy consumption among Copyright 2016 SERSC 27

3 envelope technological elements and which can be applied to the passive system, is considered. 3 Applied for BIPV System of Passive Façade Design 3.1 Concept of The BIPV System The BIPV system is a multi-functional system which can be applied to the building envelope as a replacement finishing. It produces electricity with solar energy unlike previous normal PV modules. The BIPV system is an envelope performance and facility system integrated with the building and it should satisfy various functional criteria such as being weather resistant, water resistant, possess heat insulation and sound insulation properties, as well as being fire resistant, and enhance the awning performance and add to the decorative aesthetics. It is most important to apply the BIPV system in an efficient manner according to the he climatic environment for installation. The BIPV system can be applied to a building as shown in Table 2. Table 2. Façade application method of BIPV system[2] Wall Wall attachment type Skylight type Awning type Façade type Combination type - Possible to utilize it as building exterior - Aesthetic utilization - Possible to replace as the curtain wall - Possible to utilize it as building exterior - Possible to utilize it as building awning - Utilization as a design element - Possible to apply it to the balcony - Possible to apply it to vertical and inclined curtain walls - Combine it with other facilities such as a louver 3.2 The type and Characteristics of the BIPV System The BIPV system is classified into two types. It is classified according to the glass sealing method and the cell arrangement density per unit area. The classification according to the glass sealing method consists of a single plate glass (Black-sheet Type), sealed glass (G-G Type), sealed double-layer glass (G-G Type) and sealed doublelayer safety film glass (G-G Type). The single plate sealing method has better energy 28 Copyright 2016 SERSC

4 creation efficiency than the double-layer sealing method but the double-layer sealing method has better heat insulation properties so that it is more advantageous in term of energy efficiency than the single plate sealing method. The cell arrangement density consists of the crystalline structure type and thin film type, and the transparency and efficiency of glass are determined by the cell density value[3]. 4 Domestic and international BIPV System cases Table 3. Domestic and international BIPV system cases Building name Photo Contents Yeouido FKI Tower - Sunlight generation: 255 kwh - Installation position: Rooftop and outer walls - Accounts for 4~7% of building electricity consumption Songdo SC Hotel - Installation position: Outer walls - Sunlight generation: 38.4 kwp - Produce and apply the module in a complete form - Large scale see-through amorphous module Sanitary complex of the Alzheimer Project -Installation position: Outer walls -Sunlight generation: kwp -pv + thermal protective skin applied -3 types (sunlight generation, shading, transparent module) As a result of analyzing domestic and international BIPV application cases, the wallattachment type demonstrates good energy saving performance capabilities when utilized as a building exterior and creates harmony with the exterior design 5 Conclusions The BIPV system, among building envelope technological elements, is a multifunctional system which converts sunlight into electrical energy to save indoor cooling and heating energy as well as playing the role of an exterior through integration with the building envelope. Although the BIPV system is an efficient envelope system in terms of energy performance, it also betrays limitations in terms of the diversity of the envelope design. Therefore, the BIPV system, which can be applied to the envelope design for energy saving purposes, was considered and a case analysis was carried out in order to establish preliminary data for the passive construction design. In the future, studies regarding multi-functional systems and design approaches through the utilization of the BIPV system and its linkage with various facility system should be carried out. Copyright 2016 SERSC 29

5 References 1. HTML Standard, [NAVER Encyclopedia] 2. Lee, E.J., Lee, C.S. A Study of the Architectural Characteristic Depending upon the Module in the BIPV System South Korea Solar Energy Society, pp (2008) 3. HTML Standard, 4. Kim, B. : A Study on the Passive Design Element for Green House Journal of Digital, Vol.12, No.4, pp (2012) 30 Copyright 2016 SERSC