Paraneoplastic syndromes of the nervous system
|
|
- Ethel Daniels
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Paraneoplastic syndromes of the nervous system Title: Neurology Nervous System Source: Mayo Clinic Link: Paraneoplastic syndromes of the nervous system are a group of rare disorders that develop in some people with cancer. Paraneoplastic syndromes of the nervous system occur when cancer-fighting agents of the immune system attack nerve or muscle cells. Cancers commonly associated with these disorders include lung, breast and ovarian cancer. Depending on the location of the cell damage, these syndromes can cause problems with muscle movement or coordination, sensory perception, memory or thinking skills, or sleep. In cases where extensive cell damage has occurred, paraneoplastic syndromes of the nervous system can't be reversed. However, treatment of the underlying cancer and other interventions may prevent further damage, improve symptoms and result in better quality of life. Symptoms Signs and symptoms of paraneoplastic syndromes of the nervous system usually develop relatively quickly, over weeks to months. Problems vary, depending on the site of nerve damage, and may include: Difficulty walking Difficulty maintaining balance Loss of muscle coordination Loss of muscle tone or weakness Loss of fine motor skills, such as picking up objects Difficulty swallowing Slurred speech Memory loss Vision problems Spinning sensations (vertigo) or dizziness Sleep disturbances Dementia
2 Seizures Numbness, tingling or sensory loss in arms and legs Types of paraneoplastic syndromes Several different nervous system (neurological) disorders may occur as paraneoplastic syndromes. Each disorder is characterized by nerve damage at particular sites and by certain signs and symptoms. Also, each of these neurologic disorders may result from a disease mechanism unrelated to cancer. Neurologic disorders are identified as paraneoplastic syndromes only when there is a definite or probable association with cancer. Common paraneoplastic syndromes of the nervous system include the following disorders: Cerebellar degeneration is the loss of nerve cells in the area of the brain that controls muscle functions and balance (cerebellum). Signs and symptoms may include unsteady or impaired walking, lack of muscle coordination in the limbs, inability to maintain posture of the trunk, dizziness, nausea, involuntary eye movement, double vision, difficulty speaking, or difficulty swallowing. Limbic encephalitis is inflammation affecting a region of the brain known as the limbic system, which controls emotions, behaviors and certain memory functions. People with this disorder may experience personality changes or mood disturbances, memory loss, seizures, hallucinations, or sleep disturbances. Encephalomyelitis is inflammation of the brain and spinal cord. Initial problems may include sensory loss or numbness, but they progress rapidly to include signs and symptoms of cerebellar degeneration or limbic encephalitis. Dysfunction also occurs in the autonomic nervous system, which regulates nonvoluntary body systems. For example, problems may include irregular heartbeats, low blood pressure or respiratory failure. Opsoclonus-myoclonus, which disrupts function of the cerebellum, can cause rapid, irregular eye movements (opsoclonus) and involuntary, chaotic muscle jerks (myoclonus) in both the limbs and trunk. Stiff man syndrome, or stiff person syndrome, is characterized by progressive, severe muscle stiffness or rigidity, mainly affecting the spine and legs. It may also cause painful muscle spasms. Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome is caused by disrupted communication between nerves and muscles. Signs and symptoms include muscle weakness, fatigue, difficulty swallowing, difficulty speaking, irregular eye movement and double vision. Autonomic problems can include dry mouth, impotence and failure to sweat. Myasthenia gravis is characterized by weakness and rapid fatigue of any of the muscles that are under voluntary control, including muscles in the face, eyes, arms and legs. The muscles involved in chewing, swallowing, talking and breathing may be affected as well. Neuromyotonia also known as Isaac's syndrome is characterized by abnormal impulses in nerve cells outside the brain and spinal cord (peripheral nerves) that control muscle movement. These impulses can cause twitching, muscle rippling that looks like a "bag of worms," progressive stiffness, muscle cramps, slowed movement and other muscle impairments.
3 Peripheral neuropathy is damage to nerves that transmit messages from the brain or spinal column to the rest of the body. Paraneoplastic syndromes may include damage to the nerves that regulate non-voluntary body functions, such as heart rate, blood pressure, perspiration, and bowel and bladder functions (autonomic neuropathy), as well as damage to sensory nerves in the peripheral nervous system, including nerves to the face, eye muscles, throat, arms, legs and torso (sensory neuropathy). When to see a doctor The signs and symptoms of paraneoplastic syndromes of the nervous system are not specific to these disorders. They may be an indication of any number of conditions. If you have any problems suggesting a paraneoplastic syndrome, see your doctor as soon as possible for a diagnosis and appropriate care. Causes Paraneoplastic syndromes occur among a small percentage of people who have cancer, but these syndromes aren't caused by cancer cells directly disrupting nerve function. Instead, they're believed to be caused by cancer-fighting antibodies or certain white blood cells, known as T cells, that the body activates to combat the cancer. Instead of attacking only the cancer cells, these immune system agents also attack normal cells of the nervous system. Other cancer-related neurological problems Other neurological problems may be related to cancers. For example, cancerous (malignant) tumors may develop in the brain or spinal cord, or tumors in other tissues may disrupt local nerve function. Cancers elsewhere in the body may migrate (metastasize). Malignant cells from the lungs, for example, may metastasize to the brain. Also, treatments for cancer can affect neurological function. These complications of cancer aren't considered paraneoplastic syndromes, even though they may produce similar signs and symptoms. Risk factors Any cancer may be associated with a paraneoplastic syndrome of the nervous system. However, the disorders occur more often in people with cancers of the lung, ovary, breast, testis or lymphatic system.
4 Preparing for your appointment Most people with paraneoplastic syndrome experience neurological problems before there is a diagnosis of cancer or any indication of cancer. So, you're likely to start by seeing your primary care doctor about your symptoms. You may then be referred to a specialist in nervous system disorders (neurologist) or a cancer specialist (oncologist). Questions from your doctor Depending on the type and severity of symptoms, it may be important for a friend or family member to be at the appointment to help answer questions and to provide moral support. Be prepared to answer the following questions: Have you experienced any muscle weakness or lack of coordination? Have you experienced any unusual or involuntary muscle movements? Have you had any unusual vision problems? Do you have any problems chewing, swallowing or speaking? Do you have any difficulty breathing? Have you had any seizures? How long have they lasted? Have you experienced dizziness or nausea? Do you have trouble sleeping, or have your sleep patterns changed? Are you having difficulty performing everyday tasks with your hands? Have you experienced any numbness or tingling in your limbs? Have you experienced a significant change in mood? Have you been seeing or hearing things that others are not aware of? Have you had any memory problems? When did the symptoms begin? Have the symptoms worsened since you first noticed them? Have you been diagnosed with cancer? What medications do you take, including over-the-counter drugs and dietary supplements? What is the daily dosage of each? Have any close relatives had cancer? If so, what types of cancer? Have you ever smoked? Questions for your doctor Questions you may want to ask your doctor include: What diagnostic tests are you going to order? Which specialists will I need to see? What is the likely time frame for completing tests and getting results? How will you communicate results to me? What things are you looking for with the tests? What conditions are you trying to rule out?
5 Tests and diagnosis In a diagnostic workup for assessing neurological problems that could indicate a paraneoplastic syndrome, your doctor is trying to answer the following general questions: What neurological problems are present? Is there evidence of cancer underlying these problems? What other condition might be causing the problems? Clinical exam Your doctor or a neurologist will conduct a general physical, as well as a neurological exam. He or she will ask you questions and conduct relatively simple tests in the office to judge: Reflexes Muscle strength Muscle tone Sense of touch Vision and hearing Coordination Balance Mental status Mood Laboratory tests Laboratory tests will likely include: Blood tests. A nurse or technician may draw a blood sample for laboratory tests. These tests may identify antibodies commonly associated with paraneoplastic syndromes. However, a person may carry suspect antibodies without having a paraneoplastic syndrome, and a person with the disorder may not carry the suspect antibodies. Lab tests may also identify an infection, a hormone disorder or a disorder in nutrient processing (metabolic disorder) that could be causing symptoms. Spinal tap (lumbar puncture). During a lumbar puncture, a neurologist or nurse inserts a needle into your lower spine to extract a small amount of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) the fluid that cushions your brain and spinal cord for laboratory analysis. Sometimes, paraneoplastic antibodies may be present in CSF fluid when they're not detectable in your blood. Imaging tests Imaging tests are used to locate a cancerous tumor that may be the underlying problem or to
6 identify other factors causing the neurological symptoms. One or more of the following tests may be used: Computerized tomography (CT) is a specialized X-ray technology that produces thin, cross-section images of tissues. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses a magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed cross-sectional or 3-D images of your body's tissue. Positron emission tomography (PET) uses radioactive compounds injected into your bloodstream to produce cross-sectional or 3-D images of the body. They can be used to identify tumors, measure metabolism in tissues, show blood flow and locate brain abnormalities related to seizures. PET-CT, a combination of PET and CT, may increase the detection rate of small cancers, common in those with paraneoplastic neurological disorders. If no malignant tumor is located or no other cause identified, the problem may be a tumor that's still too small to find. You'll likely have follow-up imaging tests every three to six months for a few years or until a cause is identified. Treatments and drugs Treatment of neurological paraneoplastic syndromes involves treating the cancer and, in some cases, suppressing the immune response that's causing the neurological signs and symptoms. Your treatment will depend on the specific type of paraneoplastic syndrome you have, but it may include the following options. Medications In addition to drugs, such as chemotherapy, to combat your cancer, your doctor may prescribe one or more of the following drugs to inhibit immune system attacks on the nervous system: Corticosteroids, such as prednisone, inhibit inflammation. Long-term use of corticosteroids may cause weakening of the bones (osteoporosis), diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and other serious side effects. Immunosuppressants inhibit the production of disease-fighting white blood cells. Side effects include an increased risk of infections. Drugs with immunosuppressant properties that may be used include azathioprine (Imuran) and cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan). Depending on the type of neurological syndrome and symptoms, other medications may include: Anti-seizure medications may help control seizures associated with syndromes affecting nerve cells in the brain. A number of anti-seizure medications are available, including carbamazepine (Tegretol, Carbatrol, others) and valproic acid (Depakene, Stavzor). Medications to enhance nerve to muscle transmission may improve symptoms of syndromes affecting muscle function. Some drugs, such as 3,4-diaminopyridine, enhance
7 the release of a chemical messenger that transmits a signal from nerve cells to muscles. Other drugs, such as pyridostigmine (Mestinon, Regonol), prevent the breakdown of these chemical messengers. Other medical treatments Other treatments that may improve symptoms include: Plasmapheresis. This process also known as plasma exchange separates the fluid part of the blood, called plasma, from your blood cells with a device known as a cell separator. The red and white blood cells, along with your platelets, are returned to your body, while the plasma, which contains unwanted antibodies, is discarded and replaced with other fluids. Intravenous immune globulin (IVIg). Immune globulin contains healthy antibodies from blood donors. High doses of immune globulin accelerate the destruction of damaging antibodies in your blood. Other therapies Other therapies may be helpful if a paraneoplastic syndrome has caused impairments that disrupt functional abilities: Physical therapy. Specific exercises may help you regain some muscle function that may have been damaged. Speech therapy. If a paraneoplastic syndrome has affected your ability to speak or swallow, a speech therapist can help you relearn muscle control necessary for speech, chewing and eating. Coping and support Many people with cancer benefit from education and resources designed to improve coping skills. If you have questions or would like guidance, talk with a member of your health care team. The more you know about your condition, the better you're able to participate in decisions about your care. Support groups can put you in touch with others who have faced the same challenges you're facing. If you can't find an appropriate support group where you live, you might find one on the Internet. March 3, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). All rights reserved. A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.com," "EmbodyHealth," "Enhance your life," and
8 the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Privacy policy (Updated Nov. 5, 2010) Terms and conditions of use policy (Updated July 8, 2010) Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. All rights reserved.
F r e q u e n t l y A s k e d Q u e s t i o n s
Myasthenia Gravis Q: What is myasthenia gravis (MG)? A: Myasthenia gravis (meye-uhss- THEEN-ee-uh GRAV uhss) (MG) is an autoimmune disease that weakens the muscles. The name comes from Greek and Latin
More informationThymus Cancer. This reference summary will help you better understand what thymus cancer is and what treatment options are available.
Thymus Cancer Introduction Thymus cancer is a rare cancer. It starts in the small organ that lies in the upper chest under the breastbone. The thymus makes white blood cells that protect the body against
More informationSteps to getting a diagnosis: Finding out if it s Alzheimer s Disease.
Steps to getting a diagnosis: Finding out if it s Alzheimer s Disease. Memory loss and changes in mood and behavior are some signs that you or a family member may have Alzheimer s disease. If you have
More informationParaneoplastic Antibodies in Clinical Practice. Mohammed El lahawi New Cross Hospital Wolverhampton
Paraneoplastic Antibodies in Clinical Practice Mohammed El lahawi New Cross Hospital Wolverhampton 1 Effects of Neoplasm Direct mass ( pressure ) effect Metastasis effect Remote effect 2 The Nervous System
More informationSARCOIDOSIS AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
SARCOIDOSIS AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM www.stopsarcoidosis.org SARCOIDOSIS AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM What Is Neurosarcoidosis? Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease that can affect almost any organ in the body.
More informationUnderstanding. Multiple Sclerosis. Tim, diagnosed in 2004.
Understanding Multiple Sclerosis Tim, diagnosed in 2004. What Is Multiple Sclerosis? Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurologic disorder that affects the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS includes the
More informationBrain Cancer. This reference summary will help you understand how brain tumors are diagnosed and what options are available to treat them.
Brain Cancer Introduction Brain tumors are not rare. Thousands of people are diagnosed every year with tumors of the brain and the rest of the nervous system. The diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors
More informationCBT IN THE CITY. adjusted to the news of being with MS? April 2013. Experts at your fingertips call now. Check out our new services in you local area
April 2013 Experts at your fingertips call now CBT IN THE CITY Check out our new services in you local area contents. A message from Susie, Information Multiple Sclerosis CBT can make a difference on the
More informationThere's no cure for multiple sclerosis. However treatments can help treat attacks, modify the course of the disease and treat symptoms.
MayoClinic.com reprints This single copy is for your personal, noncommercial use only. For permission to reprint multiple copies or to order presentation-ready copies for distribution, use the reprints
More informationCerebral Palsy. In order to function, the brain needs a continuous supply of oxygen.
Cerebral Palsy Introduction Cerebral palsy, or CP, can cause serious neurological symptoms in children. Up to 5000 children in the United States are diagnosed with cerebral palsy every year. This reference
More informationMultiple Sclerosis (MS)
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Purpose/Goal: Care partners will have an understanding of Multiple Sclerosis and will demonstrate safety and promote independence while providing care to the client with MS. Introduction
More informationLewy body dementia Referral for a Diagnosis
THE Lewy Body society The more people who know, the fewer people who suffer Lewy body dementia Referral for a Diagnosis Lewy Body Dementias REFERRAL FOR A DIAGNOSIS In the UK people with all forms of dementia
More informationThe Central Nervous System
A fact sheet for patients and carers Spinal strokes This fact sheet provides information on spinal strokes. Our fact sheets are designed as general introductions to each subject and are intended to be
More informationMultifocal Motor Neuropathy. Jonathan Katz, MD Richard Lewis, MD
Multifocal Motor Neuropathy Jonathan Katz, MD Richard Lewis, MD What is Multifocal Motor Neuropathy? Multifocal Motor Neuropathy (MMN) is a rare condition in which multiple motor nerves are attacked by
More information1: Motor neurone disease (MND)
1: Motor neurone disease (MND) This section provides basic facts about motor neurone disease (MND) and its diagnosis. The following information is an extracted section from our full guide Living with motor
More informationCerebral Palsy. 1995-2014, The Patient Education Institute, Inc. www.x-plain.com nr200105 Last reviewed: 06/17/2014 1
Cerebral Palsy Introduction Cerebral palsy, or CP, can cause serious neurological symptoms in children. Thousands of children are diagnosed with cerebral palsy every year. This reference summary explains
More informationSt. Luke s MS Center New Patient Questionnaire. Name: Date: Birth date: Right or Left handed? Who is your Primary Doctor?
St. Luke s MS Center New Patient Questionnaire Name: Date: Birth date: Right or Left handed? Who is your Primary Doctor? Who referred you to the MS Center? List any other doctors you see: Reason you have
More informationDo I Have Epilepsy? Diagnosing Epilepsy and Seizures. Epilepsy & Seizures: Diagnosis
Epilepsy & Seizures: Diagnosis Do I Have Epilepsy? Diagnosing Epilepsy and Seizures Artwork by Studio E participant Ashley N. (details on inside cover) About the Cover: Cover artwork was created by Ashley
More informationManaging the Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis. Yolanda Harris, MSN, CRNP-AC CPODD Nurse Practitioner
Managing the Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis Yolanda Harris, MSN, CRNP-AC CPODD Nurse Practitioner What is Multiple Sclerosis An autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS) The immune
More informationCerebral palsy can be classified according to the type of abnormal muscle tone or movement, and the distribution of these motor impairments.
The Face of Cerebral Palsy Segment I Discovering Patterns What is Cerebral Palsy? Cerebral palsy (CP) is an umbrella term for a group of non-progressive but often changing motor impairment syndromes, which
More informationParkinson s Disease (PD)
Parkinson s Disease (PD) Parkinson s disease (PD) is a movement disorder that worsens over time. About 1 in 100 people older than 60 has Parkinson s. The exact cause of PD is still not known, but research
More informationUnderstanding your Tecfidera treatment
Understanding your Tecfidera treatment Information for patients who have been prescribed treatment with Tecfidera. (dimethyl fumarate) Contents About Multiple Sclerosis (MS) What is MS? Symptoms of MS
More informationUnderstanding your Tecfidera treatment
Understanding your Tecfidera treatment Information for patients who have been prescribed treatment with Tecfidera. (dimethyl fumarate) Contents About Multiple Sclerosis (MS) What is MS? Symptoms of MS
More informationHerniated Disk. This reference summary explains herniated disks. It discusses symptoms and causes of the condition, as well as treatment options.
Herniated Disk Introduction Your backbone, or spine, has 24 moveable vertebrae made of bone. Between the bones are soft disks filled with a jelly-like substance. These disks cushion the vertebrae and keep
More informationA Definition of Multiple Sclerosis
English 182 READING PRACTICE by Alyx Meltzer, Spring 2009 Vocabulary Preview (see bolded, underlined words) gait: (n) a particular way of walking transient: (adj) temporary; synonym = transitory remission:
More informationhttp://images.tutorvista.com/content/control5coordination/human5brain.jpeg!! 387
http://images.tutorvista.com/content/control5coordination/human5brain.jpeg!! 387! 388! http://my.fresnounified.org/personal/lygonza/gonzalez/neuron/neuron5synapse%20communication.png!! http://www.urbanchildinstitute.org/sites/all/files/databooks/2011/ch15fg25communication5between5neurons.jpg!!
More informationAcute Myeloid Leukemia
Acute Myeloid Leukemia Introduction Leukemia is cancer of the white blood cells. The increased number of these cells leads to overcrowding of healthy blood cells. As a result, the healthy cells are not
More informationMesothelioma. 1995-2013, The Patient Education Institute, Inc. www.x-plain.com ocft0101 Last reviewed: 03/21/2013 1
Mesothelioma Introduction Mesothelioma is a type of cancer. It starts in the tissue that lines your lungs, stomach, heart, and other organs. This tissue is called mesothelium. Most people who get this
More informationMETASTASES TO THE BONE
RADIATION THERAPY FOR METASTASES TO THE BONE Facts to Help Patients Make an Informed Decision TARGETING CANCER CARE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR RADIATION ONCOLOGY WHAT ARE BONE METASTASES? Cancer that starts
More informationDisease/Illness GUIDE TO ASBESTOS LUNG CANCER. What Is Asbestos Lung Cancer? www.simpsonmillar.co.uk Telephone 0844 858 3200
GUIDE TO ASBESTOS LUNG CANCER What Is Asbestos Lung Cancer? Like tobacco smoking, exposure to asbestos can result in the development of lung cancer. Similarly, the risk of developing asbestos induced lung
More informationMultiple System Atrophy guide (http://www.msaweb.co.uk/msaguide.htm)
Multiple System Atrophy guide (http://www.msaweb.co.uk/msaguide.htm) Accessing information on Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) can be hard work. The Sarah Matheson Trust (SMT) produces a guide to MSA that
More informationSciatica Yuliya Mutsa PTA 236
Sciatica Yuliya Mutsa PTA 236 Sciatica is a common type of pain affecting the sciatic nerve, which extends from the lower back all the way through the back of the thigh and down through the leg. Depending
More informationTemple Physical Therapy
Temple Physical Therapy A General Overview of Common Neck Injuries For current information on Temple Physical Therapy related news and for a healthy and safe return to work, sport and recreation Like Us
More informationBenign Pituitary Tumor
PATIENT EDUCATION patienteducation.osumc.edu The pituitary gland is a small, pea-sized endocrine gland in the center of the brain. Also known as the master gland, the pituitary gland helps control the
More informationTeriflunomide (Aubagio) 14mg once daily tablet
Teriflunomide (Aubagio) 14mg once daily tablet Exceptional healthcare, personally delivered Your Consultant Neurologist has suggested that you may benefit from treatment with Teriflunomide. The decision
More informationBrain Tumours Understanding your diagnosis
Brain Tumours Understanding your diagnosis Brain Tumours Understanding your diagnosis When you first hear that you have a brain tumour you may feel alone and afraid. You may be overwhelmed by the large
More informationARTICLE #1 PLEASE RETURN AT THE END OF THE HOUR
ARTICLE #1 PLEASE RETURN AT THE END OF THE HOUR Alcoholism By Mayo Clinic staff Original Article: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/alcoholism/ds00340 Definition Alcoholism is a chronic and often progressive
More informationIntensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT)
Scan for mobile link. Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) uses linear accelerators to safely and painlessly deliver precise radiation doses to a tumor while
More informationTreatment Options for Paraneoplastic Neurological Disorders
Treatment Options for Paraneoplastic Neurological Disorders By Carolyn Z. Lawrence Paraneoplastic Neurological Disorders (PNDs) can be extremely complex and difficult to treat. The most important part
More informationMuscular Dystrophy and Multiple Sclerosis. ultimately lead to the crippling of the muscular system, there are many differences between these
Battles 1 Becky Battles Instructor s Name English 1013 21 November 2006 Muscular Dystrophy and Multiple Sclerosis Although muscular dystrophy and multiple sclerosis are both progressive diseases that ultimately
More informationManaging Side Effects of Palliative Radiation Therapy
RADIATION THERAPY SYMPTOM MANAGEMENT Managing Side Effects of Palliative Radiation Therapy In this booklet you will learn about: Common side effects when you receive palliative radiation therapy Tips on
More informationMany people with MS use some form of conventional medical treatment, and many people also use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM).
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) CAM therapies can generally be divided into the following categories: Biologically based therapies (eg, dietary supplements, diets, bee venom therapy, hyperbaric
More informationPERIPHERAL STEM CELL TRANSPLANT INTRODUCTION
PERIPHERAL STEM CELL TRANSPLANT INTRODUCTION This booklet was designed to help you and the important people in your life understand the treatment of high dose chemotherapy with stem cell support: a procedure
More informationX-Plain Low Testosterone Reference Summary
X-Plain Low Testosterone Reference Summary Introduction Testosterone is the most important male sex hormone. It helps the body produce and maintain adult male features. Low levels of testosterone affect
More information.org. Metastatic Bone Disease. Description
Metastatic Bone Disease Page ( 1 ) Cancer that begins in an organ, such as the lungs, breast, or prostate, and then spreads to bone is called metastatic bone disease (MBD). More than 1.2 million new cancer
More informationUnderstanding. Peripheral Neuropathy. Lois, diagnosed in 1998, with her husband, Myron.
Understanding Peripheral Neuropathy Lois, diagnosed in 1998, with her husband, Myron. What Is Peripheral Neuropathy? Peripheral neuropathy is a nerve disorder. It may cause numbness, tingling, and weakness.
More informationParkinson's disease. Definition. Symptoms
Parkinson's disease Definition Parkinson's disease is a progressive disorder of the nervous system that affects your movement. It develops gradually, sometimes starting with a barely noticeable tremor
More informationNEW PATIENT HISTORY QUESTIONNAIRE. Physician Initials Date PATIENT INFORMATION
NEW PATIENT HISTORY QUESTIONNAIRE Physician Initials Date PATIENT INFORMATION JHH# DOB# AGE HOME PH CELL PH DAY PH EMAIL Who is your REFERRING PHYSICIAN? (The doctor who referred you to Johns Hopkins Neurology.)
More informationALS and Lyme Disease Questions from Patient and Families Responses from Medical Experts
ALS and Lyme Disease Questions from Patient and Families Responses from Medical Experts Introduction: When anyone receives a diagnosis of ALS, it is normal and understandable to ask why you ve developed
More informationDizziness and Vertigo
Dizziness and Vertigo Introduction When you are dizzy, you may feel lightheaded or lose your balance. If you also feel that the room is spinning, you may have vertigo. Vertigo is a type of severe dizziness.
More informationBrain Tumor Center. A Team Approach to Treating Brain Tumors
Brain Tumor Center A Team Approach to Treating Brain Tumors Introducing Our Brain Tumor Center Making an appointment with the Brain Tumor Center at the Center for Advanced Medicine is the important first
More informationDiuretics: You may get diuretic medicine to help decrease swelling in your brain. This may help your brain get better blood flow.
Hemorrhagic Stroke GENERAL INFORMATION: What is a hemorrhagic stroke? A hemorrhagic stroke happens when a blood vessel in the brain bursts. This may happen if the blood vessel wall is weak, or sometimes
More informationUnderstanding. Brain Tumors. Jana, diagnosed in 1999, with her husband, Paul.
Understanding Brain Tumors Jana, diagnosed in 1999, with her husband, Paul. What Is a Brain Tumor? A brain tumor, like other tumors, is a collection of cells that multiply at a rapid rate. The tumor may
More informationMultiple Myeloma. Understanding your diagnosis
Multiple Myeloma Understanding your diagnosis Multiple Myeloma Understanding your diagnosis When you first hear that you have cancer, you may feel alone and afraid. You may be overwhelmed by the large
More informationDelirium. The signs of delirium are managed by treating the underlying cause of the medical condition causing the delirium.
Delirium Introduction Delirium is a complex symptom where a person becomes confused and shows significant changes in behavior and mental state. Signs of delirium include problems with attention and awareness,
More informationTHORACIC DIAGNOSTIC ASSESMENT PROGRAM (DAP) PATIENT INFORMATION FOR:
central east regional cancer program in partnership with cancer care ontario THORACIC DIAGNOSTIC ASSESMENT PROGRAM (DAP) PATIENT INFORMATION FOR: Thoracic dap booklet March2012.indd 1 SCHEDULED TESTS YOUR
More informationIntroduction Hemophilia is a rare bleeding disorder in which the blood does not clot normally. About 1 in 10,000 people are born with hemophilia.
Hemophilia Introduction Hemophilia is a rare bleeding disorder in which the blood does not clot normally. About 1 in 10,000 people are born with hemophilia. Hemophilia can be mild, moderate, or severe.
More informationMULTIPLE SCLEROSIS. Mary Beth Rensberger, RN, BSN, MPH Author
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS Mary Beth Rensberger, RN, BSN, MPH Author All rights reserved. Purchasers of this module are permitted to reproduce the forms contained herein for their individual internal use only.
More informationMitoxantrone. For multiple sclerosis. InfoNEURO INFORMATION FOR PATIENTS. Montreal Neurological Hospital
i InfoNEURO Montreal Neurological Hospital INFORMATION FOR PATIENTS Mitoxantrone For multiple sclerosis Centre universitaire de santé McGill McGill University Health Centre Collaborators: D. Lowden Clinical
More informationChiari malformations
A fact sheet for patients and carers Chiari malformations This fact sheet provides information on Chiari malformations. It focuses on Chiari malformations in adults. Our fact sheets are designed as general
More informationSymptoms can come and go; some are much more responsive to treatment whereas others are more difficult to manage.
Choices Symptoms MS-UK believes that based on experience, people cope best when they look at what is happening, rather than what might be. MS can cause a long list of symptoms. This list is not exhaustive
More informationSpine University s Guide to Cauda Equina Syndrome
Spine University s Guide to Cauda Equina Syndrome 2 Introduction Your spine is a very complicated part of your body. It s made up of the bones (vertebrae) that keep it aligned, nerves that channel down
More informationSmoking and misuse of certain pain medicines can affect the risk of developing renal cell cancer.
Renal cell cancer Renal cell cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in tubules of the kidney. Renal cell cancer (also called kidney cancer or renal adenocarcinoma) is a disease in which
More informationAcute myeloid leukemia (AML)
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) Adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a type of cancer in which the bone marrow makes abnormal myeloblasts (a type of white blood cell), red blood cells, or platelets. Adult
More information.org. Herniated Disk in the Lower Back. Anatomy. Description
Herniated Disk in the Lower Back Page ( 1 ) Sometimes called a slipped or ruptured disk, a herniated disk most often occurs in your lower back. It is one of the most common causes of low back pain, as
More informationBone Marrow or Blood Stem Cell Transplants in Children With Severe Forms of Autoimmune Disorders or Certain Types of Cancer
Bone Marrow or Blood Stem Cell Transplants in Children With Severe Forms of Autoimmune Disorders or Certain Types of Cancer A Review of the Research for Parents and Caregivers Is This Information Right
More informationProstate Cancer. There is no known association with an enlarged prostate or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
Prostate Cancer Definition Prostate cancer is cancer that starts in the prostate gland. The prostate is a small, walnut-sized structure that makes up part of a man's reproductive system. It wraps around
More informationEpidural Continuous Infusion. Patient information Leaflet
Epidural Continuous Infusion Patient information Leaflet April 2015 Introduction You may already know that epidural s are often used to treat pain during childbirth. This same technique can also used as
More informationMultiple Myeloma. This reference summary will help you understand multiple myeloma and its treatment options.
Multiple Myeloma Introduction Multiple myeloma is a type of cancer that affects white blood cells. Each year, thousands of people find out that they have multiple myeloma. This reference summary will help
More informationElectrodiagnostic Testing
Electrodiagnostic Testing Electromyogram and Nerve Conduction Study North American Spine Society Public Education Series What Is Electrodiagnostic Testing? The term electrodiagnostic testing covers a
More informationFOLFOX Chemotherapy. This handout provides information about FOLFOX chemotherapy. It is sometimes called as FLOX chemotherapy.
FOLFOX Chemotherapy This handout provides information about FOLFOX chemotherapy. It is sometimes called as FLOX chemotherapy. What is chemotherapy? Chemotherapy is a method of treating cancer by using
More informationRecognizing and Understanding Pain
Because multiple myeloma is a cancer involving the bone marrow, a common myeloma symptom is bone pain. But the good news is that most pain can be managed. This resource can help you better understand pain
More informationX-Plain Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer - Adriamycin, Cytoxan, and Tamoxifen Reference Summary
X-Plain Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer - Adriamycin, Cytoxan, and Tamoxifen Reference Summary Introduction Breast cancer is a common condition that affects one out of every 11 women. Your doctor has recommended
More informationNervous System: PNS and CNS
Nervous System: PNS and CNS Biology 105 Lecture 10 Chapter 8 Outline I. Central Nervous System vs Peripheral Nervous System II. Peripheral Nervous System A. Somatic Nervous System B. Autonomic Nervous
More informationALL ABOUT SPASTICITY. www.almirall.com. Solutions with you in mind
ALL ABOUT SPASTICITY www.almirall.com Solutions with you in mind WHAT IS SPASTICITY? The muscles of the body maintain what is called normal muscle tone, a level of muscle tension that allows us to hold
More informationQUESTIONS TO ASK MY DOCTOR
Be a part of the treatment decision by asking questions QUESTIONS TO ASK MY DOCTOR FOR PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED STOMACH OR GASTROESOPHAGEAL JUNCTION (GEJ) CANCER CYRAMZA (ramucirumab) is used alone or in
More informationSARCOIDOSIS. Signs and symptoms associated with specific organ involvement can include the following:
SARCOIDOSIS Sarcoidosis is a disease that occurs when areas of inflammation develop in different organs of the body. Very small clusters of inflammation, called granulomas, are seen with sarcoidosis. They
More informationCVP Chemotherapy Regimen for Lymphoma Information for Patients
CVP Chemotherapy Regimen for Lymphoma Information for Patients The Regimen Contains: C: Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan ) V: Vincristine (Oncovin ) P: Prednisone How Is This Regimen Given? CVP is given every
More informationM6-1 NOTE. Each major learning point is clearly identified by boldface type throughout the guide and emphasized in the PowerPoint presentation.
Basics of Cancer Treatment Module 6 Basics of Cancer Treatment Target Audience: Community members Staff of Indian health programs, including Community Health Representatives Contents of Learning Module:
More informationCIDP Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy. A publication of the GBS/CIDP Foundation International
CIDP Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy A publication of the GBS/CIDP Foundation International A special acknowledgement to Dr. Carol Lee Koski, member of the GBS/CIDP Medical Advisory Board
More informationPATIENT HISTORY FORM
PATIENT HISTORY FORM If you are new to the office, have not been seen in over one (1) year, or are returning for a new problem, please complete this form in full. If there have been any changes since your
More informationCervical Spondylosis (Arthritis of the Neck)
Copyright 2009 American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Cervical Spondylosis (Arthritis of the Neck) Neck pain is extremely common. It can be caused by many things, and is most often related to getting
More informationIntroduction Breast cancer is cancer that starts in the cells of the breast. Breast cancer happens mainly in women. But men can get it too.
Male Breast Cancer Introduction Breast cancer is cancer that starts in the cells of the breast. Breast cancer happens mainly in women. But men can get it too. Many people do not know that men can get breast
More informationNational MS Society Information Sourcebook www.nationalmssociety.org/sourcebook
National MS Society Information Sourcebook www.nationalmssociety.org/sourcebook Chemotherapy The literal meaning of the term chemotherapy is to treat with a chemical agent, but the term generally refers
More informationRADIATION THERAPY FOR LYMPHOMA. Facts to Help Patients Make an Informed Decision TARGETING CANCER CARE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR RADIATION ONCOLOGY
RADIATION THERAPY FOR Facts to Help Patients Make an Informed Decision TARGETING CANCER CARE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR RADIATION ONCOLOGY FACTS ABOUT The lymphatic system is a network of tiny vessels extending
More informationStepping toward a different treatment option LEARN WHAT ACTHAR CAN DO FOR YOU
FOR MS RELAPSES Stepping toward a different treatment option LEARN WHAT ACTHAR CAN DO FOR YOU As a person with multiple sclerosis (MS), you know firsthand the profound impact MS relapses can have on your
More informationNeurology. A stroke, what to do? Een beroerte en dan? Ward:: Subject:
Ward:: Subject: Neurology? Een beroerte en dan? 1 The brain and its function The brain and the spinal cord together form the central nervous system. This system compares well to a telephone exchange. Through
More informationSignificant nerve damage is uncommonly associated with a general anaesthetic
Risks associated with your anaesthetic Section 10: Nerve damage associated with an operation under general anaesthetic Section 10: Significant nerve damage is uncommonly associated with a general anaesthetic
More informationUnderstanding. Pancreatic Cancer
Understanding Pancreatic Cancer Understanding Pancreatic Cancer The Pancreas The pancreas is an organ that is about 6 inches long. It s located deep in your belly between your stomach and backbone. Your
More informationCocaine. Like heroin, cocaine is a drug that is illegal in some areas of the world. Cocaine is a commonly abused drug.
Cocaine Introduction Cocaine is a powerful drug that stimulates the brain. People who use it can form a strong addiction. Addiction is when a drug user can t stop taking a drug, even when he or she wants
More informationParkinson's s disease - a
Parkinson's Disease Parkinson's s disease - a progressive disorder of the nervous system that affects movement. The most common perception of Parkinson s is the patient having tremors. Hands shaking, inability
More informationTCH: Docetaxel, Carboplatin and Trastuzumab
PATIENT EDUCATION patienteducation.osumc.edu TCH: Docetaxel, Carboplatin and Trastuzumab What is TCH? It is the short name for the drugs used for this chemotherapy treatment. The three drugs you will receive
More informationAll about stroke. English fact sheet. How do I recognise the signs of stroke? What is a stroke? Call StrokeLine 1800 STROKE (1800 787 653)
What is a? A happens when the blood supply to the brain is interrupted. Blood contains oxygen and important nutrients for your brain cells. Blood may stop moving through an artery because it is blocked
More informationThyroid Disorders. Hypothyroidism
1 There are a number of problems associated with the thyroid gland. Hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and thyroid nodules will be presented here. The thyroid gland is located in the middle of the neck,
More informationMultiple sclerosis (MS)
Multiple sclerosis (MS) Summary Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an incurable disease of the central nervous system that can affect the brain, spinal cord and optic nerves. The effects of MS are varied and unpredictable,
More informationLymphoma. Starting Point. Diagnosed with Lymphoma?
ESSENTIALS Lymphoma Diagnosed with Lymphoma? It s important to understand everything you can about your diagnosis, treatment options, and places to go for support. This will help you make treatment decisions
More informationSpine University s Guide to Vertebral Osteonecrosis (Kummel's Disease)
Spine University s Guide to Vertebral Osteonecrosis (Kummel's Disease) 2 Introduction Kummel's disease is a collapse of the vertebrae (the bones that make up the spine). It is also called vertebral osteonecrosis.
More informationHerniated Disk in the Lower Back
Nader M. Hebela, MD Fellow of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons http://orthodoc.aaos.org/hebela Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi Neurological Institute Al Maryah Island
More informationVision Health: Conditions, Disorders & Treatments NEUROOPTHALMOLOGY
Vision Health: Conditions, Disorders & Treatments NEUROOPTHALMOLOGY Neuroophthalmology focuses on conditions caused by brain or systemic abnormalities that result in visual disturbances, among other symptoms.
More information