CMA Part 2 Financial Decision Making. Study Unit 10 Investment Decisions Adrien Dubourg, CMA
|
|
- Alan Horn
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 CMA Part 2 Financial Decision Making Study Unit 10 Investment Decisions Adrien Dubourg, CMA
2 SU The Capital Budgeting Process Definition Planning and controlling investment for long-term projects. Capital budgeting unlike other considerations will affect the company for many periods going forward long-term, multiple accounting periods, relatively inflexible once made. Predicting the need for future capital assets is one of the more challenging task, which can be affected by: Inflation Interest rates Cash availability Market demands Production capacity is a key driver
3 SU The Capital Budgeting Process Applications for capital budgeting Buying equipment Building facilities Acquiring a business Developing a product of product line Expanding into new markets Important to correctly forecast future changes in demand in order to have the correct capacity. Planning is crucial to anticipate changes in capital markets, inflation, interest rates and money supply.
4 SU The Capital Budgeting Process Consider the tax consequences All decisions should be done on an after tax basis Considered costs in Capital Budgeting Avoidable cost May be eliminated by ceasing or improving an activity. Common cost Shared by all options and is not clearly allocable. Deferrable cost May be shifted to the future. Fixed cost Does not very within relevant range. Imputed cost May not have a specific cash outlay in accounting Incremental cost Difference in cost of two options.
5 SU The Capital Budgeting Process Opportunity cost Maximum benefit forgone based on next alternative, including that of the stockholders (which also establishes the firms hurdle rate). Relevant cost Vary with action. Constant cost don t affect decision. Sunk Cannot be avoided. Weighted-average Cost of Capital Weighted average of the interest cost of debt (net of tax) and the costs (implicit or explicit) of the components of equity capital to be invested in long-term assets. It is also the hurdle rate.
6 SU The Capital Budgeting Process Stages in Capital Budgeting Identification and definition - Id What is the strategy? Definition Define the projects Revenue, costs, and cash flow Most difficult stage Search Each investment to be evaluated be each function of the firms value chain. Information-acquisition Costs and benefits of the projects are enumerated. Quantitative financial factors have highest priority Nonfinancial measures (quantitative and qualitative) Selection Increase shareholder value. NPV, IRR.. Financing Debt or equity Implementation and monitoring Feedback and reporting
7 SU The Capital Budgeting Process Investment Ranking Steps Determine Net Investment Costs Gross cash requirement less cash recovered from trade or sale of existing assets, adjusted for taxes Investment required includes funds to provide for increases in working capital, i.e. additional receivables and inventories. Calculating estimated cash flows Capture increase in revenue, decrease costs Net cashflow period by period from investment Economic life of the investment Depreciable life Comparing cash-flows to Net Investment Costs Evaluate the benefit. Continued
8 SU The Capital Budgeting Process Ranking investments NPV, IRR, Payback Other considerations Book Rate of Return GAAP NI from Investment Book Value of Investment Also called accrual accounting rate of return Don t use accrual accounting numbers, instead use cash flow Reason Net Income are affected by company s choices of accounting methods Also, do not compare project book rate to company s book rate of return for investments which could be distorted Continued
9 SU The Capital Budgeting Process Relevant cash flows Net initial investment» New equipment cost» Working capital requirements,» After tax disposals proceeds Annual net cash flows» After tax cash collections for operations» Depreciation tax savings Project termination cash flows» After tax disposal» Working capital recovery See example on page 393
10 SU The Capital Budgeting Process Other Considerations Inflation Raises hurdle rate. Post-audits Deterrent of bad projects.» Actual to expected cashflow» Identify sources of unrealistic estimates» Avoid premature evaluations of projects» Non-quantitiative benefits
11 SU 10.1 Practice Question 1 The relevance of a particular cost to a decision is determined by A Riskiness of the decision. B Number of decision variables. C Amount of the cost. D Potential effect on the decision.
12 SU 10.1 Practice Question 1 Answer Correct Answer: D Relevance is the capacity of information to make a difference in a decision by helping users of that information to predict the outcomes of events or to confirm or correct prior expectations. Thus, relevant costs are those expected future costs that vary with the action taken. All other costs are constant and therefore have no effect on the decision.
13 SU 10.1 Practice Question 2 Answer Lawson, Inc., is expanding its manufacturing plant, which requires an investment of $4 million in new equipment and plant modifications. Lawson s sales are expected to increase by $3 million per year as a result of the expansion. Cash investment in current assets averages 30% of sales; accounts payable and other current liabilities are 10% of sales. What is the estimated total investment for this expansion? A B C D $3.4 million. $4.3 million. $4.6 million. $5.2 million.
14 SU 10.1 Practice Question 2 Answer Correct Answer: C The investment required includes increases in working capital (e.g., additional receivables and inventories resulting from the acquisition of a new manufacturing plant). The additional working capital is an initial cost of the investment, but one that will be recovered (i.e., it has a salvage value equal to its initial cost). Lawson can use current liabilities to fund assets to the extent of 10% of sales. Thus, the total initial cash outlay will be $4.6 million {$4 million + [(30% 10%) $3 million sales]}.
15 SU 10.1 Practice Question 3 What is the net cash outflow at the beginning of the first year that Dickins should use in a capital budgeting analysis? A $(170,000) B $(180,000) C $(192,000) D $(210,000)
16 SU 10.1 Practice Question 3 Answer Correct Answer: D Delivery and installation costs are essential to preparing the machine for its intended use. Thus, the company must initially pay $210,000 for the machine, consisting of the invoice price of $180,000, the delivery costs of $12,000, and the $18,000 of installation costs.
17 SU 10.2 Discounted Cash flow Analysis Time Value of Money Concepts A dollar received in the future is worth less than today. Present Value (PV) Value today of future payment Future Value (FV) Future value of an investment today. Annuities equal payments at equal intervals Ordinary annuity (in arrears) Annuity due (in advance) PV & FV is always greater than ordinary annuity See examples on page 394 through 396
18 SU 10.2 Discounted Cash flow Analysis Hurdle rate Goal is for companies discount rate to be as low as possible. WACC or Shareholder s opportunity cost of capital. The lower the firm s discount rate, the lower the hurdle the company must clear to achieve profitability Net Present Value (NPV) Project return in $$ See example on 397
19 SU 10.2 Discounted Cash flow Analysis Internal Rate of Return (IRR) Project return in % IRR shortcomings Directional changes of cash flows Mutually exclusive projects Varying rates of return Multiple investments
20 SU 10.2 Discounted Cash flow Analysis Cash flows and discounting NPV = Cash flow 0 Cash flow 1 Cash flow 2 (1 + r) 0 (1 + r) 1 (1 + r) 2 Comparing Cash flow Patterns Pg 399
21 SU 10.2 Discounted Cash flow Analysis NPV vs IRR comparison Reinvestment rate NPV assumes the cash flow can be reinvested at projects discount rate. Independent projects: NPV and IRR give same accept/reject decision if projects are independent. All acceptable independent projects can be undertaken. Mutually exclusive projects. Cost of one greater than other Timing, amounts, and direction of cash flow are different Different useful lives IRR provides 1 rate, NPV can be used with multiple rates. Multiple investments. NPV is adaptable, IRR is not. IRR assumes cash flow is reinvested at IRR rate. NPV assumes reinvestment in the desired rate of return. NPV and IRR are most sound decision making tools for wealth maximization. NPV profile Page 401 Select greatest NPV over greatest IRR
22 SU 10.2 Practice Question 1 The net present value (NPV) method of investment project analysis assumes that the project s cash flows are reinvested at the A B C D Computed internal rate of return. Risk-free interest rate. Discount rate used in the NPV calculation. Firm s accounting rate of return.
23 SU 10.2 Practice Question 1 Answer Correct Answer: C The NPV method is used when the discount rate is specified. It assumes that cash flows from the investment can be reinvested at the particular project s discount rate.
24 SU 10.2 Practice Question 2 The net present value of a proposed investment is negative; therefore, the discount rate used must be A Greater than the project s internal rate of return. B Less than the project s internal rate of return. C D Greater than the firm s cost of equity. Less than the risk-free rate.
25 SU 10.2 Practice Question 2 Answer Correct Answer: A The higher the discount rate, the lower the NPV. The IRR is the discount rate at which the NPV is zero. Consequently, if the NPV is negative, the discount rate used must exceed the IRR.
26 SU 10.2 Practice Question 3 Dr. G invested $10,000 in a lifetime annuity for his granddaughter Emily. The annuity is expected to yield $400 annually forever. What is the anticipated internal rate of return for the annuity? A Cannot be determined without additional information. B 4.0% C 2.5% D 8.0%
27 SU 10.2 Practice Question 3 Answer Correct Answer: B The correct answer is 4.0%. $10,000 = $400 IRR; IRR = = 4.0%.
28 SU 10.3 Payback and discounted payback Payback period = Number of years to pay for itself. Pro - Simple Cons - No consideration for time value of money. Does not consider cash flow after payback period. Payback and constant cash flows vs variable cash flows See example on page 402
29 SU 10.3 Payback and discounted payback Discounted payback method is used to overcome the payback methods disregard for time value of money Pro More conservative yet still simple Con Does not consider cash flow after payback period. See example on page 403
30 SU 10.3 Payback and discounted payback Other payback methods Bailout payback = Considers salvage value Payback reciprocal (1 divided by payback) estimate of IRR Breakeven time = Time require for discounted cash flows to = 0. Alternative is to consider the time required for the present value of the cumulative cash inflows to equal the present value of all the expected future cash flows
31 SU 10.3 Practice Question 1 Which one of the following methods for evaluating capital projects is the useful from an investment analysis point of view? A B C D Accounting rate of return. Internal rate of return. Net present value. Payback.
32 SU 10.3 Practice Question 1 Answer Correct Answer: A The accounting, or book, rate of return is an unsatisfactory means of evaluating capital projects for two major reasons. Because the accounting rate of return uses accrual-basis numbers, the calculation is subject to such accounting judgments as how quickly to depreciate capitalized assets. Also, the accounting rate of return is an average of all of a firm s capital projects; it reveals nothing about the performance of individual investment choices.
33 SU 10.3 Practice Question 2 The payback reciprocal can be used to approximate a project s A B C D Profitability index. Net present value. Accounting rate of return if the cash flow pattern is relatively stable. Internal rate of return if the cash flow pattern is relatively stable.
34 SU 10.3 Practice Question 2 Answer Correct Answer: D The payback reciprocal (1 payback) has been shown to approximate the internal rate of return (IRR) when the periodic cash flows are equal and the life of the project is at least twice the payback period.
35 SU 10.4 Ranking investment projects Why should we rank investment projects Capital rationing Reasons include lack of financial resources, control estimation bias, and unwillingness to issue new equity (to raise new capital)
36 SU 10.4 Ranking investment projects Methods Profitability index = NPV / Net Investment See example on page 404 Internal capital markets Internal funding Linear programming Technique for optimizing resource allocation.
37 SU 10.4 Practice Question 1 The profitability index approach to investment analysis A B C D Fails to consider the timing of project cash flows. Considers only the project s contribution to net income and does not consider cash flow effects. Always yields the same accept/reject decisions for independent projects as the net present value method. Always yields the same accept/reject decisions for mutually exclusive projects as the net present value method.
38 SU 10.4 Practice Question 1 Answer Correct Answer: C The profitability index (excess present value index) of an investment is the ratio of the present value of the future net cash flows (or only cash inflows) to the net initial investment. It is a variation of the net present value (NPV) method and facilitates the comparison of different-sized investments. Because it is based on the NPV method, the profitability index will yield the same decision as the NPV for independent projects. However, decisions may differ for mutually exclusive projects of different sizes.
39 SU 10.4 Practice Question 2 The method that divides a project s annual after-tax net income by the average investment cost to measure the estimated performance of a capital investment is the A Internal rate of return method. B Accounting rate of return method. C Payback method. D Net present value (NPV) method.
40 SU 10.4 Practice Question 2 Answer Correct Answer: B The accounting rate of return uses undiscounted net income (not cash flows) to determine a rate of profitability. Annual after-tax net income is divided by the average carrying amount (or the initial value) of the investment in assets.
41 SU 10.4 Practice Question 3 The technique that measures the estimated performance of a capital investment by dividing the project s annual after-tax net income by the average investment cost is called the A B C D Bail-out payback method. Internal rate of return method. Profitability index method. Accounting rate of return method.
42 SU 10.4 Practice Question 3 Answer Correct Answer: D The accounting rate of return (also called the unadjusted rate of return or book value rate of return) measures investment performance by dividing the accounting net income by the average investment in the project. This method ignores the time value of money.
43 Page 405 SU 10.5 Comprehensive Example
44 SU 10.6 Risk Analysis and real options in Capital Investments Risk analysis Attempt to measure the variability of future returns from proposed investment. Informal method NPV is calculated and reviewed. Risk-adjusted discount rates Adjust rate of return upwards as project becomes more risky. Certainty equivalent adjustments- from Utility theory the point where you are indifferent to a choice between a certain sum of money and the expected value of a risky sum. Simulation analysis Computer is used to generate many results based upon various assumptions. Pilot plants Sensitivity analysis An iterative process of recalculated returns based on changing assumptions.
45 SU 10.6 Risk Analysis and real options in Capital Investments Real (managerial or strategic) options Value of a real option The difference between the projects NPV with the option vs. without the option. Usually more valuable the later it is exercised. Types of real options: Abandonment (Put option) Follow-up investment Wait and Learn (call option) Flexibility option vary an input Capacity option vary an output New geographical markets New product option follow on products
46 SU 10.6 Practice Question 1 Sensitivity analysis, if used with capital projects, A B C D Is used extensively when cash flows are known with certainty. Measures the change in the discounted cash flows when using the discounted payback method rather than the net present value method. Is a what-if technique that asks how a given outcome will change if the original estimates of the capital budgeting model are changed. Is a technique used to rank capital expenditure requests.
47 SU 10.6 Practice Question 1 Answer Correct Answer: C After a problem has been formulated into any mathematical model, it may be subjected to sensitivity analysis, which is a trial-and-error method used to determine the sensitivity of the estimates used. For example, forecasts of many calculated NPVs under various assumptions may be compared to determine how sensitive the NPV is to changing conditions. Changing the assumptions about a certain variable or group of variables may drastically alter the NPV, suggesting that the risk of the investment may be excessive.
48 SU 10.6 Practice Question 2 When the risks of the individual components of a project s cash flows are different, an acceptable procedure to evaluate these cash flows is to A B C D Divide each cash flow by the payback period. Compute the net present value of each cash flow using the firm s cost of capital. Compare the internal rate of return from each cash flow to its risk. Discount each cash flow using a discount rate that reflects the degree of risk.
49 SU 10.6 Practice Question 2 Answer Correct Answer: D Risk-adjusted discount rates can be used to evaluate capital investment options. If risks differ among various elements of the cash flows, then different discount rates can be used for different flows.
50 SU 10.6 Practice Question 2 Sensitivity analysis is used in capital budgeting to A B C D Estimate a project s internal rate of return. Determine the amount that a variable can change without generating unacceptable results. Simulate probabilistic customer reactions to a new product. Identify the required market share to make a new product viable and produce acceptable results.
51 SU 10.6 Practice Question 3 Answer Correct Answer: B After a problem has been formulated into any mathematical model, it may be subjected to sensitivity analysis, which is a trial-and-error method used to determine the sensitivity of the estimates used. For example, forecasts of many calculated NPVs under various assumptions may be compared to determine how sensitive the NPV is to changing conditions. Changing the assumptions about a certain variable or group of variables may drastically alter the NPV, suggesting that the risk of the investment may be excessive.
1.1 Introduction. Chapter 1: Feasibility Studies: An Overview
Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Introduction Every long term decision the firm makes is a capital budgeting decision whenever it changes the company s cash flows. Consider launching a new product. This involves
More informationCapital Budgeting OVERVIEW
WSG12 7/7/03 4:25 PM Page 191 12 Capital Budgeting OVERVIEW This chapter concentrates on the long-term, strategic considerations and focuses primarily on the firm s investment opportunities. The discussions
More informationWhy Use Net Present Value? The Payback Period Method The Discounted Payback Period Method The Average Accounting Return Method The Internal Rate of
1 Why Use Net Present Value? The Payback Period Method The Discounted Payback Period Method The Average Accounting Return Method The Internal Rate of Return Problems with the IRR Approach The Profitability
More informationUnderstanding Financial Management: A Practical Guide Guideline Answers to the Concept Check Questions
Understanding Financial Management: A Practical Guide Guideline Answers to the Concept Check Questions Chapter 8 Capital Budgeting Concept Check 8.1 1. What is the difference between independent and mutually
More informationHow To Calculate Discounted Cash Flow
Chapter 1 The Overall Process Capital Expenditures Whenever we make an expenditure that generates a cash flow benefit for more than one year, this is a capital expenditure. Examples include the purchase
More informationNet Present Value (NPV)
Investment Criteria 208 Net Present Value (NPV) What: NPV is a measure of how much value is created or added today by undertaking an investment (the difference between the investment s market value and
More informationCourse 3: Capital Budgeting Analysis
Excellence in Financial Management Course 3: Capital Budgeting Analysis Prepared by: Matt H. Evans, CPA, CMA, CFM This course provides a concise overview of capital budgeting analysis. This course is recommended
More information6 Investment Decisions
6 Investment Decisions After studying this chapter you will be able to: Learning Objectives Define capital budgeting and explain the purpose and process of Capital Budgeting for any business. Explain the
More informationCHAPTER 8 CAPITAL BUDGETING DECISIONS
CHAPTER 8 CAPITAL BUDGETING DECISIONS Q1. What is capital budgeting? Why is it significant for a firm? A1 A capital budgeting decision may be defined as the firm s decision to invest its current funds
More information1 (a) Calculation of net present value (NPV) Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 $000 $000 $000 $000 $000 $000 Sales revenue 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600
Answers Fundamentals Level Skills Module, Paper F9 Financial Management December 2011 Answers 1 (a) Calculation of net present value (NPV) Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 $000 $000 $000 $000 $000 $000 Sales revenue 1,600
More informationMeasuring Investment Returns
Measuring Investment Returns Aswath Damodaran Stern School of Business Aswath Damodaran 156 First Principles Invest in projects that yield a return greater than the minimum acceptable hurdle rate. The
More informationWHAT IS CAPITAL BUDGETING?
WHAT IS CAPITAL BUDGETING? Capital budgeting is a required managerial tool. One duty of a financial manager is to choose investments with satisfactory cash flows and rates of return. Therefore, a financial
More informationUNIVERSITY OF WAH Department of Management Sciences
BBA-330: FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT UNIVERSITY OF WAH COURSE DESCRIPTION/OBJECTIVES The module aims at building competence in corporate finance further by extending the coverage in Business Finance module to
More informationWeek- 1: Solutions to HW Problems
Week- 1: Solutions to HW Problems 10-1 a. Payback A (cash flows in thousands): Annual Period Cash Flows Cumulative 0 ($5,000) ($5,000) 1 5,000 (0,000) 10,000 (10,000) 3 15,000 5,000 4 0,000 5,000 Payback
More information(Relevant to AAT Examination Paper 4 Business Economics and Financial Mathematics)
Capital Budgeting: Net Present Value vs Internal Rate of Return (Relevant to AAT Examination Paper 4 Business Economics and Financial Mathematics) Y O Lam Capital budgeting assists decision makers in a
More informationWORKBOOK ON PROJECT FINANCE. Prepared by Professor William J. Kretlow University of Houston
WORKBOOK ON PROJECT FINANCE Prepared by Professor William J. Kretlow University of Houston 2002 by Institute for Energy, Law & Enterprise, University of Houston Law Center. All rights reserved. TABLE
More informationICASL - Business School Programme
ICASL - Business School Programme Quantitative Techniques for Business (Module 3) Financial Mathematics TUTORIAL 2A This chapter deals with problems related to investing money or capital in a business
More informationChapter 10. What is capital budgeting? Topics. The Basics of Capital Budgeting: Evaluating Cash Flows
Chapter 10 The Basics of Capital Budgeting: Evaluating Cash Flows 1 Topics Overview and vocabulary Methods NPV IRR, MIRR Profitability Index Payback, discounted payback Unequal lives Economic life 2 What
More informationCapital Budgeting: Decision. Example. Net Present Value (NPV) FINC 3630 Yost
Capital Budgeting: Decision Criteria Example Consider a firm with two projects, A and B, each with the following cash flows and a 10 percent cost of capital: Project A Project B Year Cash Flows Cash Flows
More informationCHAPTER 7: NPV AND CAPITAL BUDGETING
CHAPTER 7: NPV AND CAPITAL BUDGETING I. Introduction Assigned problems are 3, 7, 34, 36, and 41. Read Appendix A. The key to analyzing a new project is to think incrementally. We calculate the incremental
More informationFinancial and Cash Flow Analysis Methods. www.project-finance.com
Financial and Cash Flow Analysis Methods Financial analysis Historic analysis (BS, ratios, CF analysis, management strategy) Current position (environment, industry, products, management) Future (competitiveness,
More informationChapter 13 The Basics of Capital Budgeting Evaluating Cash Flows
Chapter 13 The Basics of Capital Budgeting Evaluating Cash Flows ANSWERS TO SELECTED END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS 13-1 a. The capital budget outlines the planned expenditures on fixed assets. Capital budgeting
More informationChapter 9 Net Present Value and Other Investment Criteria Chapter Organization
T9.1 Chapter Outline Chapter 9 Net Present Value and Other Investment Criteria Chapter Organization! 9.1 Net Present Value! 9.2 The Payback Rule! 9.3 The Average Accounting Return! 9.4 The Internal Rate
More informationChapter 011 Project Analysis and Evaluation
Multiple Choice Questions 1. Forecasting risk is defined as the: a. possibility that some proposed projects will be rejected. b. process of estimating future cash flows relative to a project. C. possibility
More informationChapter 9 Capital Budgeting Decision Models
Chapter 9 Capital Budgeting Decision Models LEARNING OBJECTIVES (Slide 9-2) 1. Explain capital budgeting and differentiate between short-term and long-term budgeting decisions. 2. Explain the payback model
More informationChapter 11 Cash Flow Estimation and Risk Analysis ANSWERS TO SELECTED END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS
Chapter 11 Cash Flow Estimation and Risk Analysis ANSWERS TO SELECTED END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS 11-1 a. Cash flow, which is the relevant financial variable, represents the actual flow of cash. Accounting
More informationSession #5 Capital Budgeting - II Damodaran - Chapter 9: 6,12,16,18 Chapter 10: 2,10,16(a&b) Chapter 11: 6,12,14
Session #5 Capital Budgeting - II Damodaran - Chapter 9: 6,12,16,18 Chapter 10: 2,10,16(a&b) Chapter 11: 6,12,14 I. Additional Issues in Capital Budgeting. A. Capital rationing: Use profitability index
More informationNet Present Value and Capital Budgeting. What to Discount
Net Present Value and Capital Budgeting (Text reference: Chapter 7) Topics what to discount the CCA system total project cash flow vs. tax shield approach detailed CCA calculations and examples project
More informationCHAPTER 14 COST OF CAPITAL
CHAPTER 14 COST OF CAPITAL Answers to Concepts Review and Critical Thinking Questions 1. It is the minimum rate of return the firm must earn overall on its existing assets. If it earns more than this,
More informationGlobal Financial Management
1 Global Financial Management Valuation of Cash Flows Investment Decisions and Capital Budgeting Copyright 1999 by Alon Brav, Campbell R. Harvey, Stephen Gray and Ernst Maug. All rights reserved. No part
More information18 CAPITAL INVESTMENT
18 CAPITAL INVESTMENT (Contributed by Deryl Northcott) Introduction Capital Investment Defined Who is Involved in Making CI Decisions? Why Are Capital Investment Decisions Important? Types of Capital Investments
More informationCHAPTER 6 NET PRESENT VALUE AND OTHER INVESTMENT CRITERIA
CHAPTER 6 NET PRESENT VALUE AND OTHER INVESTMENT CRITERIA Answers to Concepts Review and Critical Thinking Questions 1. Assuming conventional cash flows, a payback period less than the project s life means
More informationProject Management Seminars. Financial Management of Projects
Project Management Seminars Financial Management of Projects.inproject managementandsystems engineering, is a deliverable-oriented decomposition of a project into smaller components. (source: Wikipedia)
More informationCapital Investment Appraisal Techniques
Capital Investment Appraisal Techniques To download this article in printable format click here A practising Bookkeeper asked me recently how and by what methods one would appraise a proposed investment
More informationPlanning for Capital Investments
12-1 Planning for Capital Investments Managerial Accounting Fifth Edition Weygandt Kimmel Kieso 12-2 study objectives 1. Discuss capital budgeting evaluation, and explain inputs used in capital budgeting.
More informationChapter 5 Capital Budgeting
Chapter 5 Capital Budgeting Road Map Part A Introduction to finance. Part B Valuation of assets, given discount rates. Fixed-Income securities. Common stocks. Real assets (capital budgeting). Part C Determination
More informationInvestment Decision Analysis
Lecture: IV 1 Investment Decision Analysis The investment decision process: Generate cash flow forecasts for the projects, Determine the appropriate opportunity cost of capital, Use the cash flows and
More informationMultiple Choice Questions (45%)
Multiple Choice Questions (45%) Choose the Correct Answer 1. The following information was taken from XYZ Company s accounting records for the year ended December 31, 2014: Increase in raw materials inventory
More informationCARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY CIO INSTITUTE
CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY CIO INSTITUTE CAPITAL BUDGETING BASICS Contact Information: Lynne Pastor Email: lp23@andrew.cmu.edu RELATED LEARNGING OBJECTIVES 7.2 LO 3: Compare and contrast the implications
More informationTools for Project Evaluation. Nathaniel Osgood 1.040/1.401J 2/11/2004
Tools for Project Evaluation Nathaniel Osgood 1.040/1.401J 2/11/2004 Basic Compounding Suppose we invest $x in a bank offering interest rate i If interest is compounded annually, asset will be worth $x(1+i)
More information( ) ( )( ) ( ) 2 ( ) 3. n n = 100 000 1+ 0.10 = 100 000 1.331 = 133100
Mariusz Próchniak Chair of Economics II Warsaw School of Economics CAPITAL BUDGETING Managerial Economics 1 2 1 Future value (FV) r annual interest rate B the amount of money held today Interest is compounded
More informationPart 7. Capital Budgeting
Part 7. Capital Budgeting What is Capital Budgeting? Nancy Garcia and Digital Solutions Digital Solutions, a software development house, is considering a number of new projects, including a joint venture
More informationChapter 11 Cash Flow Estimation and Risk Analysis
Chapter 11 Cash Flow Estimation and Risk Analysis ANSWERS TO END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS 11-1 a. Cash flow, which is the relevant financial variable, represents the actual flow of cash. Accounting income,
More informationCHAPTER 9 NET PRESENT VALUE AND OTHER INVESTMENT CRITERIA
CHAPTER 9 NET PRESENT VALUE AND OTHER INVESTMENT CRITERIA Basic 1. To calculate the payback period, we need to find the time that the project has recovered its initial investment. After two years, the
More informationLECTURES ON REAL OPTIONS: PART I BASIC CONCEPTS
LECTURES ON REAL OPTIONS: PART I BASIC CONCEPTS Robert S. Pindyck Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 02142 Robert Pindyck (MIT) LECTURES ON REAL OPTIONS PART I August, 2008 1 / 44 Introduction
More informationSTUDENT CAN HAVE ONE LETTER SIZE FORMULA SHEET PREPARED BY STUDENT HIM/HERSELF. FINANCIAL CALCULATOR/TI-83 OR THEIR EQUIVALENCES ARE ALLOWED.
Test III-FINN3120-090 Fall 2009 (2.5 PTS PER QUESTION. MAX 100 PTS) Type A Name ID PRINT YOUR NAME AND ID ON THE TEST, ANSWER SHEET AND FORMULA SHEET. TURN IN THE TEST, OPSCAN ANSWER SHEET AND FORMULA
More informationChoice of Discount Rate
Choice of Discount Rate Discussion Plan Basic Theory and Practice A common practical approach: WACC = Weighted Average Cost of Capital Look ahead: CAPM = Capital Asset Pricing Model Massachusetts Institute
More informationEconomic Analysis and Economic Decisions for Energy Projects
Economic Analysis and Economic Decisions for Energy Projects Economic Factors As in any investment project, the following factors should be considered while making the investment decisions in energy investment
More informationAnswers to Warm-Up Exercises
Answers to Warm-Up Exercises E10-1. Answer: E10-2. Answer: Payback period The payback period for Project Hydrogen is 4.29 years. The payback period for Project Helium is 5.75 years. Both projects are acceptable
More informationFundamentals Level Skills Module, Paper F9
Answers Fundamentals Level Skills Module, Paper F9 Financial Management June 2008 Answers 1 (a) Calculation of weighted average cost of capital (WACC) Cost of equity Cost of equity using capital asset
More informationIntroduction to Real Estate Investment Appraisal
Introduction to Real Estate Investment Appraisal NPV and IRR Pat McAllister INVESTMENT APPRAISAL DISCOUNTED CASFLOW ANALYSIS Investment Mathematics Discounted cash flow to calculate Gross present value
More informationThe table for the present value of annuities (Appendix A, Table 4) shows: 10 periods at 14% = 5.216. = 3.93 years
21-18 Capital budgeting methods, no income taxes. The table for the present value of annuities (Appendix A, Table 4) shows: 10 periods at 14% 5.216 1a. Net present value $28,000 (5.216) $146,048 $36,048
More informationCE Entrepreneurship. Investment decision making
CE Entrepreneurship Investment decision making Cash Flow For projects where there is a need to spend money to develop a product or establish a service which results in cash coming into the business in
More informationFinancial Statement and Cash Flow Analysis
Chapter 2 Financial Statement and Cash Flow Analysis Answers to Concept Review Questions 1. What role do the FASB and SEC play with regard to GAAP? The FASB is a nongovernmental, professional standards
More informationIntroduction to Discounted Cash Flow and Project Appraisal. Charles Ward
Introduction to Discounted Cash Flow and Project Appraisal Charles Ward Company investment decisions How firms makes investment decisions about real projects (not necessarily property) How to decide which
More informationCHAE Review Pricing Modules, Cash Management and Ratio Analysis
CHAE Review Pricing Modules, Cash Management and Ratio Analysis This is a complete review of the two volume text book, Certified Hospitality Accountant Executive Study Guide, as published by The Educational
More informationOverview of Financial Management
Overview of Financial Management Uwadiae Oduware FCA Akintola Williams Deloitte 1-1 Definition Financial Management entails planning for the future for a person or a business enterprise to ensure a positive
More information10.SHORT-TERM DECISIONS & CAPITAL INVESTMENT APPRAISAL
INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY OF HO CHI MINH CITY AUDITING ACCOUNTING FACULTY 10.SHORT-TERM DECISIONS & CAPITAL INVESTMENT APPRAISAL 4 Topic List INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY OF HO CHI MINH CITY AUDITING ACCOUNTING FACULTY
More informationFundamentals Level Skills Module, Paper F9
Answers Fundamentals Level Skills Module, Paper F9 Financial Management June 2009 Answers 1 (a) Weighted average cost of capital (WACC) calculation Cost of equity of KFP Co = 4 0 + (1 2 x (10 5 4 0)) =
More informationInvestment Appraisal
Investment Appraisal Article relevant to F1 Business Mathematics and Quantitative Methods Author: Pat McGillion, current Examiner. Questions 1 and 6 often relate to Investment Appraisal, which is underpinned
More informationCHAPTER 7 MAKING CAPITAL INVESTMENT DECISIONS
CHAPTER 7 MAKING CAPITAL INVESTMENT DECISIONS Answers to Concepts Review and Critical Thinking Questions 1. In this context, an opportunity cost refers to the value of an asset or other input that will
More informationChapter 6. 1. Your firm is considering two investment projects with the following patterns of expected future net aftertax cash flows:
Chapter 6 1. Your firm is considering two investment projects with the following patterns of expected future net aftertax cash flows: Year Project A Project B 1 $1 million $5 million 2 2 million 4 million
More informationFinance 445 Practice Exam Chapters 1, 2, 5, and part of Chapter 6. Part One. Multiple Choice Questions.
Finance 445 Practice Exam Chapters 1, 2, 5, and part of Chapter 6 Part One. Multiple Choice Questions. 1. Similar to the example given in class, assume that a corporation has $500 of cash revenue and $300
More informationChapter 9 Cash Flow and Capital Budgeting
Chapter 9 Cash Flow and Capital Budgeting MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Gamma Electronics is considering the purchase of testing equipment that will cost $500,000. The equipment has a 5-year lifetime with no salvage
More informationAnalyzing the Statement of Cash Flows
Analyzing the Statement of Cash Flows Operating Activities NACM Upstate New York Credit Conference 2015 By Ron Sereika, CCE,CEW NACM 1 Objectives of this Educational Session u Show how the statement of
More informationNPV Versus IRR. W.L. Silber -1000 0 0 +300 +600 +900. We know that if the cost of capital is 18 percent we reject the project because the NPV
NPV Versus IRR W.L. Silber I. Our favorite project A has the following cash flows: -1 + +6 +9 1 2 We know that if the cost of capital is 18 percent we reject the project because the net present value is
More informationA Basic Introduction to the Methodology Used to Determine a Discount Rate
A Basic Introduction to the Methodology Used to Determine a Discount Rate By Dubravka Tosic, Ph.D. The term discount rate is one of the most fundamental, widely used terms in finance and economics. Whether
More informationCHAPTER 12 RISK, COST OF CAPITAL, AND CAPITAL BUDGETING
CHAPTER 12 RISK, COST OF CAPITAL, AND CAPITAL BUDGETING Answers to Concepts Review and Critical Thinking Questions 1. No. The cost of capital depends on the risk of the project, not the source of the money.
More informationWhich projects should the corporation undertake
Which projects should the corporation undertake Investment criteria 1. Investment into a new project generates a flow of cash and, therefore, a standard DPV rule should be the first choice under consideration.
More informationChapter 9. Year Revenue COGS Depreciation S&A Taxable Income After-tax Operating Income 1 $20.60 $12.36 $1.00 $2.06 $5.18 $3.11
Chapter 9 9-1 We assume that revenues and selling & administrative expenses will increase at the rate of inflation. Year Revenue COGS Depreciation S&A Taxable Income After-tax Operating Income 1 $20.60
More informationCHAPTER 9 NET PRESENT VALUE AND OTHER INVESTMENT CRITERIA
CHAPTER 9 NET PRESENT VALUE AND OTHER INVESTMENT CRITERIA Answers to Concepts Review and Critical Thinking Questions 1. A payback period less than the project s life means that the NPV is positive for
More informationProject Appraisal Using Discounted Cash Flow
Professional Accountants in Business Committee June 2008 International Good Practice Guidance Project Appraisal Using Discounted Cash Flow The Professional Accountants in Business Committee of the International
More informationCHAPTER 10. EVALUATING PROPOSED CAPITAL EXPENDITURES Table of Contents
CHAPTER 10 EVALUATING PROPOSED CAPITAL EXPENDITURES Table of Contents Section Description Page 1000 INTRODUCTION... 10-1 1001 ANALYZING THE CURRENT SITUATION... 10-2.2 Using a Diagnostic Approach... 10-3.4
More informationCHAPTER 9 NET PRESENT VALUE AND OTHER INVESTMENT CRITERIA
CHAPTER 9 NET PRESENT VALUE AND OTHER INVESTMENT CRITERIA 1. To calculate the payback period, we need to find the time that the project has recovered its initial investment. After three years, the project
More informationMODULE 2. Capital Budgeting
MODULE 2 Capital Budgeting Capital Budgeting is a project selection exercise performed by the business enterprise. Capital budgeting uses the concept of present value to select the projects. Capital budgeting
More informationChapter 13 Capital Budgeting: Estimating Cash Flow and Analyzing Risk ANSWERS TO END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS
Chapter 13 Capital Budgeting: Estimating Cash Flow and Analyzing Risk ANSWERS TO END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS 13-3 Since the cost of capital includes a premium for expected inflation, failure to adjust cash
More informationPaper F9. Financial Management. Friday 6 June 2014. Fundamentals Level Skills Module. The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants.
Fundamentals Level Skills Module Financial Management Friday 6 June 2014 Time allowed Reading and planning: Writing: 15 minutes 3 hours ALL FOUR questions are compulsory and MUST be attempted. Formulae
More information1. What are the three types of business organizations? Define them
Written Exam Ticket 1 1. What is Finance? What do financial managers try to maximize, and what is their second objective? 2. How do you compare cash flows at different points in time? 3. Write the formulas
More informationAccruals and Cash Flows. Accrual Accounting Framework. Accrual Accounting Framework Wild, Subramanyam and Halsey, 2003, pp. 80-98.
Accrual Accounting Framework Wild, Subramanyam and Halsey, 2003, pp. 80-98 Accrual Concept Accrual Accrual accounting aims to inform users about the consequences of business activities for a company s
More informationChapter 8: Fundamentals of Capital Budgeting
Chapter 8: Fundamentals of Capital Budgeting-1 Chapter 8: Fundamentals of Capital Budgeting Big Picture: To value a project, we must first estimate its cash flows. Note: most managers estimate a project
More informationPBL: Accounting for Professionals. Competency: Accounts Concepts, Principles, Terminology
Competency: Accounts Concepts, Principles, Terminology 1. Identify and apply Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). 2. Apply the steps in the Accounting cycle. 3. Post and analyze transactions
More informationFIN 614 Cash Flow Forecasting. Professor Robert B.H. Hauswald Kogod School of Business, AU. Vitamin C. Cash flows matter: focus on economics
FIN 64 Cash Flow Forecasting Professor Robert B.H. Hauswald Kogod School of Business, AU Vitamin C Cash flows matter: focus on economics not earnings or other accounting measures Continue our focus on
More informationCapital Budgeting Tools. Chapter 11. Capital Budgeting. Types of Capital Budgeting Projects. The Basics of Capital Budgeting: Evaluating Cash Flows
Capital Budgeting Tools () Payback Period (a) Discounted Payback Period Chapter The Basics of Capital Budgeting: Evaluating s () Net Present Value (NPV) (a) Profitability Index (PI) () Internal Rate of
More informationCHAPTER 29. Capital Budgeting
CHAPTER 9 Capital Budgeting Meaning The term Capital Budgeting refers to the long-term planning for proposed capital outlays or expenditure for the purpose of maximizing return on investments. The capital
More informationKey Concepts and Skills. Net Present Value and Other Investment Rules. http://www2.gsu.edu/~fnccwh/pdf/ rwjch5v3overview.pdf.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Net Present Value and Other Investment Rules 9-1 http://www2.gsu.edu/~fnccwh/pdf/ rwjch5v3overview.pdf Copyright 2010 by Charles Hodges and the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights
More informationCHAPTER 11. Proposed Project. Incremental Cash Flow for a Project. Treatment of Financing Costs. Estimating cash flows:
CHAPTER 11 Cash Flow Estimation and Risk Analysis Estimating cash flows: Relevant cash flows Working capital treatment Inflation Risk Analysis: Sensitivity Analysis, Scenario Analysis, and Simulation Analysis
More informationDiscounted Cash Flow. Alessandro Macrì. Legal Counsel, GMAC Financial Services
Discounted Cash Flow Alessandro Macrì Legal Counsel, GMAC Financial Services History The idea that the value of an asset is the present value of the cash flows that you expect to generate by holding it
More informationECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION
ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION A Manufacturing Engineer s Point of View M. Kevin Nelson, P.E. President Productioneering, Inc. www.roboautotech.com Contents: I. Justification methods a. Net Present Value (NPV)
More informationReview Solutions FV = 4000*(1+.08/4) 5 = $4416.32
Review Solutions 1. Planning to use the money to finish your last year in school, you deposit $4,000 into a savings account with a quoted annual interest rate (APR) of 8% and quarterly compounding. Fifteen
More informationPaper F9. Financial Management. Friday 6 December 2013. Fundamentals Level Skills Module. The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants
Fundamentals Level Skills Module Financial Management Friday 6 December 2013 Time allowed Reading and planning: Writing: 15 minutes 3 hours ALL FOUR questions are compulsory and MUST be attempted. Formulae
More informationENERGY INC. Investment Project Analysis. Fisoye Delano
1 ENERGY INC. Investment Project Analysis Fisoye Delano 2 Background of Fisoye Delano Master, Petroleum Engineering. University of Houston Master, Business Administration. (MBA) University of Lagos Bachelor,
More informationFundamentals Level Skills Module, Paper F9. Section A. Monetary value of return = $3 10 x 1 197 = $3 71 Current share price = $3 71 $0 21 = $3 50
Answers Fundamentals Level Skills Module, Paper F9 Financial Management December 2014 Answers Section A 1 A Monetary value of return = $3 10 x 1 197 = $3 71 Current share price = $3 71 $0 21 = $3 50 2
More informationSolutions to Chapter 8. Net Present Value and Other Investment Criteria
Solutions to Chapter 8 Net Present Value and Other Investment Criteria. NPV A = $00 + [$80 annuity factor (%, periods)] = $00 $80 $8. 0 0. 0. (.) NPV B = $00 + [$00 annuity factor (%, periods)] = $00 $00
More informationMETHOD FOR PROJECT APPRAISAL: NET PRESENT VALUE OR NPV The sum of discounted cash flows.
OBJECTIVE: ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF A PROJECT, consisting of the operation of a new incineration plant by the municipality. In particular we are interested in the computaton of a Solid Waste Tariff, consistent
More informationCash flow before tax 1,587 1,915 1,442 2,027 Tax at 28% (444) (536) (404) (568)
Answers Fundamentals Level Skills Module, Paper F9 Financial Management June 2014 Answers 1 (a) Calculation of NPV Year 1 2 3 4 5 $000 $000 $000 $000 $000 Sales income 5,670 6,808 5,788 6,928 Variable
More information$1,300 + 1,500 + 1,900 = $4,700. in cash flows. The project still needs to create another: $5,500 4,700 = $800
1. To calculate the payback period, we need to find the time that the project has recovered its initial investment. After three years, the project has created: $1,300 + 1,500 + 1,900 = $4,700 in cash flows.
More informationFinancial Statement Analysis!
Financial Statement Analysis! The raw data for investing Aswath Damodaran! 1! Questions we would like answered! Assets Liabilities What are the assets in place? How valuable are these assets? How risky
More informationMBA Data Analysis Pad John Beasley
1 Marketing Analysis Pad - 1985 Critical Issue: Identify / Define the Problem: Objectives: (Profitability Sales Growth Market Share Risk Diversification Innovation) Company Mission: (Source & Focus for
More informationPaper F9. Financial Management. Fundamentals Pilot Paper Skills module. The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants
Fundamentals Pilot Paper Skills module Financial Management Time allowed Reading and planning: Writing: 15 minutes 3 hours ALL FOUR questions are compulsory and MUST be attempted. Do NOT open this paper
More informationThe Net Present Value Rule in Comparison to the Payback and Internal Rate of Return Methods
The Net Present Value Rule in omparison to the Payback and Internal Rate of Return Methods Sascha Rudolf, 8-- Preamble In the context of investment decisions companies have a large variety of investment
More information