Sequential Art in Libraries: An Annotated Bibliography

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Sequential Art in Libraries: An Annotated Bibliography"

Transcription

1 Sequential Art in Libraries: An Annotated Bibliography Kelley Cotter INFO522: Information Access & Resources Linda Marion, Instructor December 7, 2009

2 Sequential Art 2 Introduction & Scope Due to the relative youth of sequential art, (a term used in this bibliography to describe graphic novels, comics, and manga collectively,) the articles included in this bibliography primarily cover the last ten years of discourse and were found through ERIC, Library Literature and Information Science Full Text, and Library Information Science & Technology (Abstracts) databases. Specifically, the bibliography includes background and history on the genre, studies of children s reading habits in relation to sequential art, arguments for the merit of sequential art in education, strategies for acquisition of sequential art, and finally cataloging/shelving of sequential art. The bibliography also includes an article discussing GLBTQ content in sequential art, an article discussing Comic Research Libraries, and an article discussing the American manga industry. All three of these articles carry a different perspective of the graphic medium that serve to couch the basic knowledge in a greater context. Furthermore, in general, many of the articles include excellent resources for learning more and suggestions for which titles to purchase. User Group and Uses School Librarians, Public Librarians, Teen Librarians, and Children Librarians may all find this bibliography useful. While sequential art appeals to all ages, this bibliography tends to focus on youth. Still, Academic Librarians may find the bibliography useful in reference to their Education students in particular, but students in other areas of study as well. The bibliography includes a comprehensive collection of articles covering all aspects of graphic novels and their presence in libraries. Librarians can use this bibliography to determine which titles to purchase, how to evaluate, catalog/shelve them, and also how to build a strong defense of their presence if such a challenge occurs.

3 Sequential Art 3 Summary of Findings As a relatively young genre, which mainstream culture has not widely accepted until recently, graphic novels, comics, and manga still exist mostly in the periphery of academic discourse. As librarian, Stephen Weiner once declared: The sophistication of the American comic book/graphic novel may be the most underrated literacy movement in recent United States history (Lavin, 1998, p. 32). For the first fifty or so years of its lifespan, beginning in the 1930s, the general public viewed sequential art, comics in particular, as pop culture fluff or, as Allen Ellis and Doug Highsmith put it, ephemeral trash (1998, p. 22). By no means did anybody view the medium as worthy of in-depth investigation. However, in more recent years, several studies have recognized the complexity of the genre and shown the utility and import of the genre in education. Thus, the time has come for libraries to embrace and explore the genre and encourage readership of the sequential art. Comics, as the predecessor of American sequential art in general, became an integral part of American culture during the 1940 s and 1950 s, which scholars refer to as The Golden Age (Lavin, 1998, p. 34) (Ellis & Highsmith, 2000, p. 23). During this time, comic book sales peaked at one billion copies sold in 1953, as compared to 100 million in 1997 (Lavin, 1998, p.34). However, during this time, anti-comic book sentiment thrived under the auspices that a connection existed between comic books and the rising occurrences of juvenile delinquency (Ellis & Highsmith, 2000, p. 23). At the forefront of this movement, psychiatrist Frederic Wertham published his notorious publication, Seduction of the Innocent, which fueled public sentiment against comic books and helped lead to congressional investigation of the comic book industry (Ellis & Highsmith, 2000, p. 23). This lead to the creation of the Comics Code, created by the Comics Magazine Association of America in 1954, which still exists today, though it was revised in The Code established standards for such aspects as depiction of crime, authority figures, religion, weapons, violence, sex and marriage. It also placed restrictions of dialogue, costume, and advertising matter (Ellis & Highsmith, 2000, p. 23). In years to come, the negative perception of comics produced a niche fandom, particularly in the counterculture materials referred to as comix (Ellis & Highsmith,

4 Sequential Art , p. 24). However, consequentially the budding fandom produced a generation of individuals willing to advocate and fight for the recognition of sequential art as a respectable art form. During this time, Will Eisner, allegedly, coined the term graphic novel in 1978 as sequential art, the arrangement of pictures or images and words to narrate a story or dramatize an idea (Ireland, 2004, p. 1). Additionally, Ellis & Highsmith s study shows that Library Literature-cited articles written during the 1970s generally offered a positive image of comic books and reported favorably upon their value in library collections (2000, p. 32). More and more scholarly literature pointed to children s enjoyment of sequential art as the basis for support. Stephen Weiner cites 1986 as the turning point for sequential art (O English, et al., 2006, p. 173). This year produced three extremely notable graphic novels: the Watchmen series, Batman: The Dark Knight Returns series, and Maus (O English et al., 2006, p. 173). Certainly, the 80s increased positive reflection on sequential art as indicated by Dr. Larry D. Dorrell and Ed Carroll s experiences: Comic books in the library were associated with improvements in student behavior in the school library As far as the reception by parents, the comic books did not produce any negative responses from the school district s patrons not a single negative complaint was received (Ellis & Highsmith, 2000, p. 33). Still, sequential art did not completely win over all librarians, educators and parents. Criticism still forced sequential art into the outskirts of academia. Moreover, even in this modern age, sequential art does not receive glowing praise across the board. Though librarianship has pushed past the dramatic claims of Dr. Wertham in the 50 s, many librarians, in fact, protest, or at least, resist the incorporation of sequential art into library collections for various reasons. Many begin with the lower quality physical characteristics that inevitably imply more damage and a shorter lifespan as well as theft. Others seem to think that many sources are just too mature for younger readers (Lavin, 1998, p.32). Still, it is important to emphasize sequential art s increased examination by the academic community during the 1990 s into the 2000 s. Many expounded on the fact that children like sequential art and this alone is an important reason enough to include them in a library collection. In support of this claim, several studies showed that sequential art consistently resided in children s top reading preferences (Worthy et al., 1999); (Ireland,

5 Sequential Art ); (Millard & Marsh, 2001); (ALSC Research and Development Committee, 2006); (Heaney, 2007); (Williams & Peterson, 2009). Though more than children s proclivity for sequential art, a growing body of literature advocated and still advocates the importance of sequential art as a vehicle for encouraging reading, literacy, and agency. Some arguments include engaging reluctant readers, teaching literary appreciation (Heaney, 2007, p. 73); develop[ing] inference skills ; a direct connection to linguistic, spatial, and interpersonal intelligence by the genre; reacting to social change and cultural changes swiftly, often in advance of other media (Heaney, 2007, p. 74); the pictures aid in comprehension of words and grammar for ESL students (ALSC Research and Development Committee, 2006, p. 50); both the visual and the written word help to stimulate [a child s] mind into being able to visualize the story (Ireland, 2004, p. 2). Accordingly, one can see that many important reasons exist as to why a librarian should foster a well-developed and well-thought out sequential art collection. As such, one can expect that in the forthcoming years, sequential art sales and readership will continue to grow making this genre an indispensable facet of any library collection. Librarians will want to know the differences between graphic novels, comics, and manga; what titles to recommend to what patrons; and how to organize and display the titles. Above all, librarians should know why sequential art merits examination, particularly the educational benefits it offers. Consequently, now is time to educate oneself in the genre in order to best serve the emergent patronage of sequential art. Bibliography ALSC Research and Development Committee. (2006). Graphic novels for children: should they be considered literature? Children and Libraries, 4(3), Abstract: This article presents the myriad of reasons to support the incorporation and encouragement of graphic novels into education. Annotation: Though only two pages long, this article brings up points left out of other similarly themed articles selected. However, it will not provide a broad view of the subject. One may find this article useful as a starting point towards more in-depth research, or as a refresher of more in-depth research.

6 Sequential Art 6 Search Strategy: For this search, I searched the thesaurus for graphic novels and selected the below term, Graphic novels/evaluation. I then limited the search to only peer-reviewed articles and browsed the results. This article was fifth on the list. Database: Library Literature and Information Full Text Method of Searching: Controlled Vocabulary Search String: Graphic novels/evaluation Brienza, C. E. (2009). Books, not comics: Publishing fields, globalization, and Japanese manga in the United States. Publishing Research Quarterly, 25(2), Abstract: This article defines manga and describes its entry into the American market. It focuses on the globalization of manga and the effects of American market capitalism on the genre. It proposes that the effects of the American sequential art publishing industry erase from American consciousness the Japanese, the foreign, the other (Quoted from the published abstract). Annotation: This article assumes a scholarly tone in providing background to and definition of manga and its entrance into the U.S. market from Japan. It follows the evolution of manga in the U.S. and highlights its specifications in the American market and the demographics that it appeals to. While the last page and a half focus more on theories of globalization and the dilution of Japanese culture via manga, it still provides ample insight into this unique genre. It represents an important part of the bibliography as the lone article focusing solely on manga. Few peer-reviewed articles discuss this format at length and due to its immense popularity, it should not be overlooked. Search Strategy: I began by searching the thesaurus for graphic novels and found graphic novels and comic books, strips, etc. I or-ed these terms and then narrowed the results by peer-reviewed only. Database: Library Information Science & Technology (Abstracts) Method of Searching: Controlled Vocabulary Search String: DE "GRAPHIC novels" or DE "COMIC books, strips, etc." Ellis, A., Highsmith, D. (2000). About face: comic books in library literature. Serials Review, 26(2), Abstract: This article presents a survey study of literary sentiment towards comic books since their inception. Ellis and Highsmith conducted a series of searches in HW Wilson

7 Sequential Art 7 Company s Library Literature publications and analyzed the results. Beginning with the strong anti-comic book writings of the 1950 s, Ellis and Highsmith trace the evolution of opinions to the present and determine when the negative perceptions changed. Annotation: Ellis and Highsmith clearly demonstrate a thorough and organized examination of attitudes towards comic books and illustrate vividly the transition from the view of comic books as filth detracting from education to a unique source of engagement for many young readers. This article represents one of the only peer-reviewed articles to extensively study attitudes towards sequential art across its entire lifespan. One should note, however, that the authors only searched one database and did not include books in their review. It is also now about a decade old and, thus, lacks more current research. Search Strategy: I searched the thesaurus for comic books and then browsed the entries. I selected the entry below, Comic books, strips, etc./evaluation, in hopes of finding people s reaction to sequential art. Database: Library Literature and Information Science Full Text Method of Searching: Controlled Vocabulary Search String: Comic books, strips, etc./evaluation Fee, W. T. (2008). Do you have any Ditko?: comic books, MARC, FRBR, and findability. Serials Review, 34(3), Abstract: This article provides a background for Comics Librarianship and the sources which can be, and are, used. The author describes the application of FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records) for serials to the cataloging of the comic book format and ways to adapt these methods to flat MARC records, to aid in retrieval of items. Sample records are included for illustration of methods (Published abstract). Annotation: This article demonstrates a scientific and scholarly look at cataloging comics. It is helpful for exposure to the multitude of issues concerning cataloging comics, but much of the article does not translate for the average public librarian, school librarian, or even academic librarian. It is an article geared towards experienced cataloguers, but interesting in and of itself. Search Strategy: For this search, I looked up the terms for graphic novels, comics, and cataloging in the thesaurus. I combined the results (listed below) to find this article. Database: Library, Information Science & Technology Abstracts Method of Searching: Controlled Vocabulary Search String:

8 Sequential Art 8 DE "GRAPHIC novels" or DE "COMIC books, strips, etc.") and (DE "CATALOGING" or DE "CATALOGING -- Analytical entry" or DE "CATALOGING -- Data processing" or DE "CATALOGING of graphic materials" or DE "CATALOGING of serial publications" Greyson, D. (2007). GLBTQ content in comics/graphic novels for teens. Collection Building, 26(4), Abstract: The paper provides a brief review of the historical issues involved with censorship/intellectual freedom and comics and of current teen-oriented graphic novels with gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, queer, and questioning of sexual orientation (GLBTQ) content in Canada and the USA. It also provides a context for negotiating intellectual freedom and collection management policy issues, and suggestions for targeted acquisitions of teen graphic novels with GLTBQ content (Excerpt from published abstract). Annotation: Although brief, this article represents one of the few voices discussing GLBTQ issues in sequential art. It serves as a good introduction to the GLBTQ world in sequential art. It also identifies a few good titles in the body of GLBTQ-related sequential art. It is included in order to emphasize the importance of developing a diverse collection of sequential art that will appeal to many different demographics. Search Strategy: [Found in the same search as Brienza s article] I began by searching the thesaurus for graphic novels and found graphic novels and comic books, strips, etc. I or-ed these terms and then narrowed the results by peer-reviewed only. Database: Library Information Science & Technology (Abstracts) Method of Searching: Controlled Vocabulary Search String: DE "GRAPHIC novels" or DE "COMIC books, strips, etc." Heaney, M. J. (2007). Graphic novels: a sure bet for your library. Collection Building, 26(3), Abstract: This article provides a comprehensive review of the significance attributed to the usefulness, practicality and appropriateness of graphic novels in the school library media center with specific implications for collection development. Presents information on the definitions of graphic novels and the challenges and benefits specific to the school media center. Notes that while challenges exist, the benefits of including graphic novels in the school library media center are many, including engaging reluctant readers (Excerpts from published abstract).

9 Sequential Art 9 Annotation: This article issues an excellent review of reasons for including sequential art in a library collection. It offers a variety of resources for addressing a variety of different issues concerning the genre. Heaney also briefly discusses cataloging, shelving, and ways to address challenges to the legitimacy of sequential art s presence in a library. Search Strategy: [Found in the same search as Brienza s article] I began by searching the thesaurus for graphic novels and found graphic novels and comic books, strips, etc. I or-ed these terms and then narrowed the results by peer-reviewed only. Database: Library Information Science & Technology (Abstracts) Method of Searching: Controlled Vocabulary Search String: DE "GRAPHIC novels" or DE "COMIC books, strips, etc." Ireland, K. (2004). Build it and they will come: graphic novels for your collection. School Libraries in Canada, 23(3), 1-5. Abstract: This article provides answers to various basic questions about graphic novels such as why build a graphic novel collection?[ ] what is a graphic novel and how does it differs from a comic strip? Why would a graphic novel be an important addition to a school library collection? How does one go about selecting books in this specialized format? What are some good examples of titles? (Quoted from article). Annotation: This article sketches a general overview of reasons to endorse graphic novels in school libraries. It is not in-depth or expansive, but is a good, succinct summary of arguments for the reading of graphic novels. This article is especially helpful for the provided criteria for acquiring graphic novels and suggestions of titles specifically for junior high readers. It is included in the bibliography as a good starting point for those unacquainted with sequential art. Search Strategy: In the previous article, Heaney praises this article for its insights, so I used the citation to search the Collection Building journal through SFX. Database: N/A Method of Searching: Reference chasing Search String: Referenced in Heaney, M. J. (2007). Graphic novels: a sure bet for your library. Collection Building, 26(3),

10 Sequential Art 10 Lavin, M. R. (1998). Comic books and graphic novels for libraries: what to buy. Serials Review, 24(2), Abstract: This article addresses concerns about incorporating sequential art into libraries and offers support for why this genre should be included. It goes on to describe the sequential art publishing industry and defines the different genres within the genre that exist. The article mentions and provides concise critique of several notable works and authors, ending with strategies for developing a collection. Annotation: Lavin presents a very well researched and thorough guide to sequential art and methods of acquiring these materials for a library. He offers many tidbits of insider information and paints a vivid picture of the industry through a comprehensive review of the most popular genres. He ends by providing ten points of criteria for selecting sequential art for a library. The article is basic, easy to follow, and vital for any school librarian or public librarian. Search Strategy: After reading every article, I went through the citations and searched for subsequent articles that might serve me. This is how I found this article. I found this article by using the citation to search the Serials Review journal through SFX. Database: N/A Method of Searching: Reference chasing Search String: Referenced in O English, L., Matthews, G., Lindsay, E. B. (2006). Graphic novels in academic libraries: From Maus to manga and beyond. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 32(2), Markham, G. W. (2009). Cataloging the publications of Dark horse Comics: one publisher in an academic catalog. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 35(2), Abstract: Libraries receiving the corpus of a comics publisher are presented with challenges, especially regarding preservation and access for special and circulating collections. Libraries must consider user research needs and collection relevance. Library literature is consulted and recommendations are made regarding bibliographic description, subject analysis and non-traditional practices (Published abstract). Annotation: This article discusses technical solutions for classification and shelving. It also discusses particular issues such as author entries, serial vs. monograph designations, and different languages of texts. For a beginning librarian or someone not familiar with cataloging protocol, the article may seem a little difficult. However, it may be a little easier

11 Sequential Art 11 to swallow than the Fee article. Also, a reader should keep in mind, as the title suggests, this article focuses only on one publisher, Dark Horse Comics. Search Strategy: [Found in the same search as Fee s article] For this search, I looked up the terms for graphic novels, comics, and cataloging in the thesaurus. I combined the results to find this article. Database: Library, Information Science & Technology Abstracts Method of Searching: Controlled Vocabulary Search String: DE "GRAPHIC novels" or DE "COMIC books, strips, etc.") and (DE "CATALOGING" or DE "CATALOGING -- Analytical entry" or DE "CATALOGING -- Data processing" or DE "CATALOGING of graphic materials" or DE "CATALOGING of serial publications" Millard, E., Marsh, J. (2001). Sending Minnie the Minx home: comics and reading choices. Cambridge Journal of Education, 31(1), Abstract: This paper reports on aspects of two qualitative studies which focused on children s interests in comics. The earlier study (Millard, 1997) was part of a larger survey of 254 boys and girls reading interests, sampled at the point of transition between primary and secondary school. The second study, which forms the main body of this paper, explores the reactions to a home-school comic lending library based in three primary classrooms over a period of seven weeks. Results from both studies are discussed in this paper and the implications for the development of the primary school literacy curriculum explored (Published abstract). Annotation: This article provides a thorough examination of the underlying reasons for negative perceptions of comic books. The reasons offered, often in the form of direct quotes, will provide exposure to the potential protests one may meet for including sequential art in a library. It also builds a panoramic view of comic book readers and a clinical perspective on their reasons for preferring the genre. While this study s results do seem to reflect the same results as American studies, it should be mentioned that it was conducted in the U.K. Search Strategy: I began by searching librar??? as a keyword. Then, I used the expand function in Dialog to determine what the indexed terms were used for graphic novels and comics. I then searched these terms as descriptors. Database: ERIC [Dialog, File 1] Method of Searching: Keyword and Controlled Vocabulary

12 Sequential Art 12 Search String:? s library or librari??? S LIBRARY OR LIBRARI??? s COMICS(w)(PUBLICATIONS)/de or graphic(w)novels/de S4 261 COMICS(W)(PUBLICATIONS)/DE OR GRAPHIC(W)NOVELS/DE? s s2 and s4 S5 20 S2 AND S4 O English, L., Matthews, G., Lindsay, E. B. (2006). Graphic novels in academic libraries: From Maus to manga and beyond. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 32(2), Abstract: This article addresses graphic novels and their growing popularity in academic libraries. Graphic novels are increasingly used as instructional resources, and they play an important role in supporting the recreational reading mission of academic libraries. The article will also tackle issues related to the cataloging and classification of graphic novels and discuss ways to use them for marketing and promotion of library services (Published abstract). Annotation: This article offers excellent first-hand experience and suggestions for the complicated issue of cataloging graphic novels while providing clear examples. This article focuses on academic libraries, but can certainly apply to school libraries and public libraries as well. The authors also present several very creative ideas on how to draw the attention of students to the medium in libraries. Search Strategy: Once I found Library Literature and Information Full Text in Dialog, I thought I might need to narrow down my search by a specific area within Library Science. I put graphic novels and comic books in the descriptor field to make it the prominent search term and then keyworded collection development and collections. Database: Library Literature and Information Full Text (Dialog, File 438) Method of Searching: Keyword, Controlled Vocabulary Search String: s graphic(w)novels/de

13 Sequential Art 13? s COMIC(w)BOOKS?/de? s s1 or s3 S4 849 S1 OR S3? s collection(w)development or collections S COLLECTION(W)DEVELOPMENT OR COLLECTIONS? s s4 and s6 Serchay, D.S. (1998). Comic research libraries. Serials Review, 24(1), Abstract: An enumerative list and description of Comic Research Libraries and their holdings. This article indicates the sources of materials, preservation, and cataloging processes of different CRLs. Annotation: This article includes extensive information on the biggest and most wellknow CRL s. It offers no critical view or recommendations of materials, but allows a firsthand perspective on the endeavors of CRLs. This article is included only for context. It has little relevance to school and public libraries, except in cataloging procedures. However, it will certainly aid in the development of a librarian s wealth of knowledge. It also might provide resources for a more avid sequential art collecting patron. Search Strategy: [Found in the same search as the article by O English, et al.] Once I found Library Literature and Information Full Text in Dialog, I thought I might need to narrow down my search by a specific area within Library Science. I put graphic novels and comic books in the descriptor field to make it the prominent search term and then keyworded collection development and collections. Database: Library Literature and Information Full Text (Dialog, File 438) Method of Searching: Keyword, Controlled Vocabulary Search String: s graphic(w)novels/de? s COMIC(w)BOOKS?/de? s s1 or s3 S4 849 S1 OR S3

14 Sequential Art 14? s collection(w)development or collections S COLLECTION(W)DEVELOPMENT OR COLLECTIONS? s s4 and s6 Seyfried, J. (2008). Reinventing the book club: graphic novels as educational heavyweights. Knowledge Quest, 36(3), Abstract: The graphic novels book group elective at Brandeis Hillel Day School in San Francisco, California, has become the talk of the middle school and confirms the impact of a graphic novel book group on reading motivation. Students identified and responded to the poignancy of the stories immediately. Details of some of the graphic novels students have read and tips for choosing graphic novels are provided (Published abstract). Annotation: Seyfried relates an anecdotal account of integrating Graphic Novels into a learning environment. He uses a casual tone, and exhibits enthusiasm. He provides excellent examples of how to conduct a meaningful discussion of the texts, which can be useful in library programming. He also ends with a list of clear and concise advise on building a graphic novel collection. However, this represents the lighter side of reading in this bibliography as it utilizes less research and draws more on personal experience. Search Strategy: This article was among the results from early searching. To find the article, I used Library Literature and Information Full Text database and searched the thesaurus for graphic novels. It came back with several entries for graphic novels indexed by more specific categories. It also referenced the subject heading Comic books, strips, etc., which I selected in addition to Graphic Novels/Selection, Graphic Novels/Evaluation, Graphic Novels/Collections, Graphic Novels/Cataloging, Graphic Novels/Acquisitions. With all these terms or-ed, I browsed through titles looking for peer-reviewed articles until I found this one. Database: Library Literature and Information Full Text Method of Searching: Controlled Vocabulary Searching Search String: "Comic books, strips, etc." OR "Graphic novels/acquisitions" OR "Graphic novels/cataloging" OR "Graphic novels/collections" OR "Graphic novels" OR "Graphic novels/selection" OR "Graphic novels/evaluation"

15 Sequential Art 15 Williams, V. K., Peterson, D. V. (2009). Graphic novels in libraries supporting teacher education and librarianship programs. Library Resources & Technical Services, 52(3), Abstract: Graphic novels have not only become popular with teens but also are being frequently discussed in both the education and library literature. This paper discusses the literature on graphic novels for teens, explores the extent to which academic libraries supporting education and library science programs collect graphic novels for teens, and concludes that academic librarians responsible for juvenile collections should evaluate their graphic novel holdings and begin actively collecting graphic novels for teens (Excerpt from published abstract). Annotation: This article exposes gaps in collections of NACTE and/or ALA accredited educational institutions in reference to graphic novels. Williams and Peterson could have written more about why it is important to have graphic novels in educational institutions. The reader should also keep in mind when reading this article that the study only searched these institutions catalogs for graphic novels on the Great Graphic Novels for Teens list created by Young Adult Library Services Association covering years However, the article does indicate that if these institutions do not properly collect graphic novels, the next generation of educators and librarians will not be able to serve their patrons adequately. Search Strategy: [Found in the same search as the articles by O English, et al. & Serchay] Once I found Library Literature and Information Full Text in Dialog, I thought I might need to narrow down my search by a specific area within Library Science. I put graphic novels and comic books in the descriptor field to make it the prominent search term and then keyworded collection development and collections. Database: Library Literature and Information Full Text (Dialog, File 438) Method of Searching: Keyword, Controlled Vocabulary Search String:? s graphic(w)novels/de? s COMIC(w)BOOKS?/de? s s1 or s3 S4 849 S1 OR S3? s collection(w)development or collections S COLLECTION(W)DEVELOPMENT OR COLLECTIONS

16 Sequential Art 16? s s4 and s6 Worthy, J., Moorman, M, Turner, M. (1999). What Johnny likes to read is hard to find in school. Reading Research Quarterly, 34(1), Abstract: Investigates reading preferences of an ethnically and economically diverse group of sixth-grade students from three middle schools. Shows that light materials (scary series books, comics, and magazines) top the list for every sub-group of students. Finds very limited availability of preferred materials in school; and shows that most students obtain reading materials from purchased sources rather than from schools and libraries (Published abstract). Annotation: Worthy et al. expose the empirical leisure reading patterns of sixth graders. They couple the results, which show the vast popularity of comics, with the importance of encouraging leisure reading. While this article does not focus explicitly on sequential art, it devotes time to discussing acquisitions of the cited popular genres and includes great representations of reactions and sentiments of the children towards sequential art. Search Strategy: Because I conducted this search in a predominantly education-oriented database, I used librar? as my more prominent term putting it in the descriptor and title field and using graphic novel and comic? as my keywords. Database: ERIC [Dialog, File 1] Method of Searching: Controlled Vocabulary Search String:? s graphic(w)novel? or comic? S1 858 GRAPHIC(W)NOVEL? OR COMIC?? s librar?/de,ti S LIBRAR?/DE,TI? s s1 and s2 S3 66 S1 AND S2 Personal Statement Before embarking on this project, I knew very little about sequential art and chose the subject as an intrigued fan. Having completed the research, I am pleased that I

17 Sequential Art 17 decided to pursue this topic. I now have a greater understanding of the medium than I ever expected I would gain. Firstly, the impact of the medium on literacy eluded my attentions as I approached sequential art merely as an admirer. In terms of their presence in libraries, I never would have imagined the dilemmas they cause for cataloguers. Finally, I was also unaware of the existence of Comic Research Libraries. Overall, I feel as though I accumulated a great deal of knowledge from the project that has changed my perspective on sequential art. In terms of searching, I frequently found myself frustrated by the inconsistent value of peer-reviewed material. Often peer-reviewed articles were very short and not scholarly enough in tone to use. On the other hand, many of the non-peer-reviewed articles spanned many pages with extensive research. For example, many non-peerreviewed articles discussed manga, but very few peer-reviewed articles wrote more than a page on the genre. Still, I suppose this discouraging discrepancy can be reconciled by the important fact that peer-reviewed articles tend to be more credible in their research. On a similar note, I also noticed that a lot of times the limiters within some databases that restricted my results to only peer-reviewed were flawed. In virtually all of the databases, they still produced results that Ulrich s did not designate as peer-reviewed. In my own search techniques, I found thesauri very helpful and always consulted them before trying to search keywords only. The subject headings they provided always lead me to great articles and, for this topic, I don t think I would have found as much material if I hadn t used thesauri. I should note, though, that I mostly found good articles by browsing through the results. I usually sorted the results by relevance as opposed to date to expedite finding good results. Because sequential art in libraries remains a lesserdiscussed topic, I was less concerned with finding current articles as I was with finding relevant articles. On a final note, as cautioned, I probably should have kept better notes on my searches and organized them in one location. Alas.

Kings Canyon Unified School District Gifted and Talented Education Program GATE

Kings Canyon Unified School District Gifted and Talented Education Program GATE Kings Canyon Unified School District Gifted and Talented Education Program GATE Kings Canyon Unified School District offers a variety of programs to develop unique education opportunities for high-achieving

More information

School Library Standards. for California Public Schools, Grades Nine through Twelve

School Library Standards. for California Public Schools, Grades Nine through Twelve School Library Standards for California Public Schools, Grades Nine through Twelve STANDARD 1 Students Access Information The student will access information by applying knowledge of the organization of

More information

Key Assessments School Library Media Specialist

Key Assessments School Library Media Specialist GACE Media Specialist Test I and Test II (Georgia Content Test) Web Folio (Content Knowledge, Planning, Clinical Practice, Effects on Student Learning, Dispositions) Graduate and Employer/Supervisor Surveys

More information

Purposes and Processes of Reading Comprehension

Purposes and Processes of Reading Comprehension 2 PIRLS Reading Purposes and Processes of Reading Comprehension PIRLS examines the processes of comprehension and the purposes for reading, however, they do not function in isolation from each other or

More information

LITERATURE REVIEWS. The 2 stages of a literature review

LITERATURE REVIEWS. The 2 stages of a literature review LITERATURE REVIEWS Literature reviews. are an integral part of graduate studies to help you become fully conversant with a topic area may be a stand alone paper or part of a research paper or proposal

More information

STUDY GUIDE. Illinois Certification Testing System. Library Information Specialist (175) Illinois State Board of Education

STUDY GUIDE. Illinois Certification Testing System. Library Information Specialist (175) Illinois State Board of Education Illinois Certification Testing System STUDY GUIDE Library Information Specialist (175) Illinois State Board of Education IL-SG-FLD175-04 An Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer Printed by the

More information

School Library Media Specialist (502)

School Library Media Specialist (502) School Library Media Specialist (502) NES, the NES logo, Pearson, the Pearson logo, and National Evaluation Series are trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries of Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliate(s).

More information

New Jersey Core Curriculum Content Standards for Visual and Performing Arts INTRODUCTION

New Jersey Core Curriculum Content Standards for Visual and Performing Arts INTRODUCTION Content Area Standard Strand By the end of grade P 2 New Jersey Core Curriculum Content Standards for Visual and Performing Arts INTRODUCTION Visual and Performing Arts 1.4 Aesthetic Responses & Critique

More information

Literacy across learning Principles and practice

Literacy across learning Principles and practice Literacy across learning Principles and practice Language and literacy are of personal, social and economic importance. Our ability to use language lies at the centre of the development and expression

More information

Student Performance Q&A:

Student Performance Q&A: Student Performance Q&A: 2011 AP English Language and Composition Free-Response Questions The following comments on the 2011 free-response questions for AP English Language and Composition were written

More information

Writing a Literature Review Paper

Writing a Literature Review Paper Writing a Literature Review Paper 1. Your first question when assigned a literature review paper may be what is it? 2. First, let s look at what a literature review is not. a. It s not an annotated bibliography.

More information

Cartooning and Animation MS. Middle School

Cartooning and Animation MS. Middle School Cartooning and Animation Middle School Course Title Cartooning and Animation MS Course Abbreviation CART/ANIM MS Course Code Number 200603 Special Notes General Art is a prerequisite, or department permission

More information

COMM - Communication (COMM)

COMM - Communication (COMM) Texas A&M University 1 COMM - Communication (COMM) COMM 101 Introduction to Communication (SPCH 1311) Introduction to Communication. Survey of communication topics, research, and contexts of communicative

More information

Writing Thesis Defense Papers

Writing Thesis Defense Papers Writing Thesis Defense Papers The point of these papers is for you to explain and defend a thesis of your own critically analyzing the reasoning offered in support of a claim made by one of the philosophers

More information

u Field Experience Handbook for Supervising Library Media Teacher or Teacher Librarian

u Field Experience Handbook for Supervising Library Media Teacher or Teacher Librarian u Field Experience Handbook for Supervising Library Media Teacher or Teacher Librarian Revised 2010 Dear Supervising Teacher Librarian: Thank you for your willingness to have a student perform fieldwork

More information

Compiled By: Pat Elliott, Resource Teacher & Dale Mays, Grade 4 Teacher Simcoe County District School Board Ontario Canada

Compiled By: Pat Elliott, Resource Teacher & Dale Mays, Grade 4 Teacher Simcoe County District School Board Ontario Canada Compiled By: Pat Elliott, Resource Teacher & Dale Mays, Grade 4 Teacher Simcoe County District School Board Ontario Canada Literacy Circles There is no one right way to conduct literacy circles. The manner

More information

Student Writing Guide. Fall 2009. Lab Reports

Student Writing Guide. Fall 2009. Lab Reports Student Writing Guide Fall 2009 Lab Reports The manuscript has been written three times, and each rewriting has discovered errors. Many must still remain; the improvement of the part is sacrificed to the

More information

Making Reading Content Comprehensible for Intermediate Language Learners. Colin Dalton. University of Houston-Downtown, United States

Making Reading Content Comprehensible for Intermediate Language Learners. Colin Dalton. University of Houston-Downtown, United States Making Reading Content Comprehensible for Intermediate Language Learners Colin Dalton University of Houston-Downtown, United States 0135 The European Conference on Language Learning 2013 Official Conference

More information

Conley, D. T. (2005). College Knowledge: What it Really Takes for Students to Succeed and What We Can Do to Get Them Ready

Conley, D. T. (2005). College Knowledge: What it Really Takes for Students to Succeed and What We Can Do to Get Them Ready 1 Conley, D. T. (2005). College Knowledge: What it Really Takes for Students to Succeed and What We Can Do to Get Them Ready. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. College Knowledge is based on research conducted

More information

Language Arts Literacy Areas of Focus: Grade 5

Language Arts Literacy Areas of Focus: Grade 5 Language Arts Literacy : Grade 5 Mission: Learning to read, write, speak, listen, and view critically, strategically and creatively enables students to discover personal and shared meaning throughout their

More information

Upon completion of the First Year Navigation Competency, students will be able to: Understand the physical and virtual WCSU campus;

Upon completion of the First Year Navigation Competency, students will be able to: Understand the physical and virtual WCSU campus; FIRST YEAR NAVIGATION (FY) COMPETENCY First Year Experience programs take a variety of forms to provide academic and cocurricular support as students begin university life. This competency allows first

More information

An Audio Book Collection to Enhance Learning at the Stratford Landing Elementary School Library, Alexandria, Virginia

An Audio Book Collection to Enhance Learning at the Stratford Landing Elementary School Library, Alexandria, Virginia An Audio Book Collection to Enhance Learning at the Stratford Landing Elementary School Library, Alexandria, Virginia Sarah Van Pelt INFO 520 Grant Proposal December 6, 2009 Audio Book Collection Proposal

More information

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION AND LIBRARY SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION AND LIBRARY SCIENCE COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS 67 DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION AND LIBRARY SCIENCE Degrees Offered: B.A., M.A. Chair: Lin, Sinn-cheng ( 林 信 成 ) The Department The Department of Information and Library Science offers

More information

The Availability of Access Features in Children's Non-Fiction

The Availability of Access Features in Children's Non-Fiction P. R. Ladd International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology Vol.2, No.1, 5-16 (June, 2012) 5 The Availability of Access Features in Children's Non-Fiction Patricia R. Ladd * ARTICLE

More information

This definition applies to texts published in print or on-line, to manuscripts, and to the work of other student writers.

This definition applies to texts published in print or on-line, to manuscripts, and to the work of other student writers. Defining and Avoiding Plagiarism: The WPA Statement on Best Practices Council of Writing Program Administrators (http://www.wpacouncil.org), January 2003. Plagiarism has always concerned teachers and administrators,

More information

Students will know Vocabulary: claims evidence reasons relevant accurate phrases/clauses credible source (inc. oral) formal style clarify

Students will know Vocabulary: claims evidence reasons relevant accurate phrases/clauses credible source (inc. oral) formal style clarify Sixth Grade Writing : Text Types and Purposes Essential Questions: 1. How do writers select the genre of writing for a specific purpose and audience? 2. How do essential components of the writing process

More information

Metro Early College High School The Educational Council of Franklin County, Ohio Columbus, Ohio. www.themetroschool.org/

Metro Early College High School The Educational Council of Franklin County, Ohio Columbus, Ohio. www.themetroschool.org/ Metro Early College High School The Educational Council of Franklin County, Ohio Columbus, Ohio www.themetroschool.org/ Learning tour conducted on Monday, October 6, 2008 Thumbnail Sketch Metro Early College

More information

EFFECTIVE SELECTION AND ORGANIZATION OF INFORMATION RESOURCES IN SCHOOL LIBRARY

EFFECTIVE SELECTION AND ORGANIZATION OF INFORMATION RESOURCES IN SCHOOL LIBRARY EFFECTIVE SELECTION AND ORGANIZATION OF INFORMATION RESOURCES IN SCHOOL LIBRARY Marcus Isebe Library Department, Delta State University Abraka, Nigeria ABSTRACT: The paper provides an overview of some

More information

A Philosophy Of Public Education For Prince Edward Island Schools

A Philosophy Of Public Education For Prince Edward Island Schools A Philosophy Of Public Education For Prince Edward Island Schools Purpose The purpose of the Prince Edward Island public education system is to provide for the development of children so that each may

More information

CALIFORNIA S TEACHING PERFORMANCE EXPECTATIONS (TPE)

CALIFORNIA S TEACHING PERFORMANCE EXPECTATIONS (TPE) CALIFORNIA S TEACHING PERFORMANCE EXPECTATIONS (TPE) The Teaching Performance Expectations describe the set of knowledge, skills, and abilities that California expects of each candidate for a Multiple

More information

How to Plan and Guide In Class Peer Review Sessions

How to Plan and Guide In Class Peer Review Sessions How to Plan and Guide In Class Peer Review Sessions Incorporating peer review into your course can help your students become better writers, readers, and collaborators. However, peer review must be planned

More information

The National Arts Education Standards: Curriculum Standards <http://artsedge.kennedy-center.org/teach/standards/standards.cfm>

The National Arts Education Standards: Curriculum Standards <http://artsedge.kennedy-center.org/teach/standards/standards.cfm> Discipline-Based Art Education: Theoretical Curriculum Model Discipline-Based Art Education (DBAE) is an approach to arts education developed and formalized in the early 1980s by the Getty Center for Arts

More information

Montessori Education: An Exploration of the Approach to Education By: Molly McDermott

Montessori Education: An Exploration of the Approach to Education By: Molly McDermott Montessori Education: An Exploration of the Approach to Education By: Molly McDermott The following paper explores what a Montessori school is and Dr. Maria Montessori s beliefs that shaped the Montessori

More information

Disrupting Class How disruptive innovation will change the way the world learns

Disrupting Class How disruptive innovation will change the way the world learns Disrupting Class How disruptive innovation will change the way the world learns Clayton Christensen, Michael B Horn Curtis W Johnson Mc Graw Hill, 2008 Introduction This book is about how to reform the

More information

Using the Leadership Pipeline transition focused concept as the vehicle in integrating your leadership development approach provides:

Using the Leadership Pipeline transition focused concept as the vehicle in integrating your leadership development approach provides: Building your Leadership Pipeline Leadership transition focused development - White Paper The Leadership Pipeline framework Business case reflections: 1. Integrated leadership development 2. Leadership

More information

Rubrics for Assessing Student Writing, Listening, and Speaking High School

Rubrics for Assessing Student Writing, Listening, and Speaking High School Rubrics for Assessing Student Writing, Listening, and Speaking High School Copyright by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission is granted to reproduce the material contained herein

More information

Secondly, this study was peer reviewed, as I have mentioned, by other top experts in the testing and measurement community before it was released.

Secondly, this study was peer reviewed, as I have mentioned, by other top experts in the testing and measurement community before it was released. HOME SCHOOLING WORKS Pass it on! Online Press Conference March 23, 1999, 12:00pm EST A transcript of the opening remarks by Michael Farris, Esq. & Lawrence M. Rudner, Ph.D. Michael Farris: Good morning.

More information

Learning Center System. Preschool Resource Guide. Muriel Wong

Learning Center System. Preschool Resource Guide. Muriel Wong Learning Center System Preschool Resource Guide Muriel Wong TABLE OF CONTENTS Overview and purpose 3 Page Supporting Children s Learning 4 Daily Routine 8 The Classroom Environment 10 Learning Centers

More information

Global Education Checklist

Global Education Checklist I S S U E S I N G L O B A L E D U C A T I O N Global Education Checklist for Teachers, Schools, School Systems and State Education Agencies By FRED CZARRA No. 173 2002-2003 Occasional Papers from the American

More information

About the Book. Prereading Activities. A Curriculum Guide to. Lunch Money. By Andrew Clements

About the Book. Prereading Activities. A Curriculum Guide to. Lunch Money. By Andrew Clements A Curriculum Guide to Lunch Money By Andrew Clements About the Book Greg loves money. When he notices his classmates ready supply of change for lunchtime treats, he s sure it s the key to reaching his

More information

Liz Myers. From Front Porch to Back Seat: Courtship in Twentieth-Century America. Secondary Resource Paper. HIST 215A: American History

Liz Myers. From Front Porch to Back Seat: Courtship in Twentieth-Century America. Secondary Resource Paper. HIST 215A: American History Front Porch to Back Seat 1 Liz Myers From Front Porch to Back Seat: Courtship in Twentieth-Century America Secondary Resource Paper HIST 215A: American History Professor Katherine Tinsley March 24, 2008

More information

Pemberton (Instructional Services Coordinator) and Radom (Instructional Services Librarian) University of North Carolina Wilmington [Wilmington, NC]

Pemberton (Instructional Services Coordinator) and Radom (Instructional Services Librarian) University of North Carolina Wilmington [Wilmington, NC] Constructing a Three Credit Hour Information Literacy Course: A Blueprint for Success Anne Pemberton and Rachel Radom Background With 11,911 students, the University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW)

More information

Successful Student Advisory Boards: Best Practices

Successful Student Advisory Boards: Best Practices Successful Student Advisory Boards: Best Practices Academic libraries establish student advisory boards to learn more about students, to connect and communicate with students, to learn to serve students

More information

Language Arts Literacy Areas of Focus: Grade 6

Language Arts Literacy Areas of Focus: Grade 6 Language Arts Literacy : Grade 6 Mission: Learning to read, write, speak, listen, and view critically, strategically and creatively enables students to discover personal and shared meaning throughout their

More information

Academy of Model Aeronautics Strategic Long Range Plan (SLRP) 2010 2015

Academy of Model Aeronautics Strategic Long Range Plan (SLRP) 2010 2015 Academy of Model Aeronautics Strategic Long Range Plan (SLRP) 2010 2015 Academy of Model Aeronautics Established in 1936, the Academy of Model Aeronautics (AMA) is the world s largest model aviation association,

More information

Neil Murray University of South Australia April 2011

Neil Murray University of South Australia April 2011 Introduction When it comes to writing, academic disciplines particularly those within the humanities and social sciences have a good deal in common and, for the most part, they share very similar expectations

More information

How To Become A School Librarian

How To Become A School Librarian Name Date Student ID # Email School Library Graduate Program Plan Degree Status: school, degree, date Certification Status Desired Plan Bachelor s Elementary Master s Degree Master s Secondary Candidate

More information

College of Communication and Information. Library and Information Science

College of Communication and Information. Library and Information Science 510 CHILDREN S LITERATURE AND RELATED MATERIALS. (3) A survey of children s literature, traditional and modern. Reading and evaluation of books with multimedia materials with emphasis on the needs and

More information

Annotated Bibliography

Annotated Bibliography Name: Susan Mayberry Date: Summer 2009 Class: Cohort 25-02 Course: MAT 735 Meeting the Needs of Diverse Students Instructor: Adam Holden Unit: #4 Assignment: #5 Annotated bibliography Annotated Bibliography

More information

The Relationship between the Fundamental Attribution Bias, Relationship Quality, and Performance Appraisal

The Relationship between the Fundamental Attribution Bias, Relationship Quality, and Performance Appraisal The Relationship between the Fundamental Attribution Bias, Relationship Quality, and Performance Appraisal Executive Summary Abstract The ability to make quality decisions that influence people to exemplary

More information

NEW YORK STATE TEACHER CERTIFICATION EXAMINATIONS

NEW YORK STATE TEACHER CERTIFICATION EXAMINATIONS NEW YORK STATE TEACHER CERTIFICATION EXAMINATIONS TEST DESIGN AND FRAMEWORK September 2014 Authorized for Distribution by the New York State Education Department This test design and framework document

More information

Graphic Novels in Libraries. What, Why, and How

Graphic Novels in Libraries. What, Why, and How Graphic Novels in Libraries What, Why, and How I. What A. Definition(s) Juxtaposed pictorial and other images in deliberate sequence, intended to convey information and/or produce an aesthetic response

More information

The Constitutional Convention

The Constitutional Convention The Constitutional Convention By: Meghan Smith and Chelsea Sullivan Introduction: For our Curriculum Project, we have created a five-day unit based on the Constitutional Convention. This unit is designed

More information

User research for information architecture projects

User research for information architecture projects Donna Maurer Maadmob Interaction Design http://maadmob.com.au/ Unpublished article User research provides a vital input to information architecture projects. It helps us to understand what information

More information

YOUR SERVICES YOUR SAY

YOUR SERVICES YOUR SAY YOUR SERVICES YOUR SAY LGBT PEOPLE S EXPERIENCES OF PUBLIC SERVICES IN SCOTLAND PUBLIC SECTOR CONSULTATION REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOREWORD In 2014 for the first time in Scotland, we published a detailed

More information

Stop Being Lost In Translation

Stop Being Lost In Translation ESSAI Volume 2 Article 24 Spring 2004 Stop Being Lost In Translation Aaron Olson College of DuPage Follow this and additional works at: http://dc.cod.edu/essai Recommended Citation Olson, Aaron (2004)

More information

Five High Order Thinking Skills

Five High Order Thinking Skills Five High Order Introduction The high technology like computers and calculators has profoundly changed the world of mathematics education. It is not only what aspects of mathematics are essential for learning,

More information

Grade 4 Writing Curriculum Map

Grade 4 Writing Curriculum Map Curriculum Map BOE Approval November 2013 CURRICULUM MAP WRITING GRADE 4 SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY Creating a Buzz About : It s All About Me! Tell Me A Story Realistic Fiction Tell Me

More information

Example of Student Learning Profile

Example of Student Learning Profile Example of Student Learning Profile Date of Issue: 31072012 Student Particulars Student Name: CHAN Siuhang, Michael ID No. : R000101(2) Date of Birth: 01101994 Sex: Male School Name: School School Code:

More information

SECTION 1. Why Coaching?

SECTION 1. Why Coaching? SECTION 1 Why Coaching? CHAPTER 1 What Is Literacy Coaching? What exactly is a literacy coach? How are literacy coaches different from reading specialists and mentors? What is the value of literacy coaching?

More information

This document has been produced to support the development of effective questioning and dialogue between teacher and pupils.

This document has been produced to support the development of effective questioning and dialogue between teacher and pupils. QUESTIONING Assessing and Developing Children s Understanding and Thinking in Literacy through Effective Introduction This document has been produced to support the development of effective questioning

More information

DEFINITIONS FROM NO FLYING NO TIGHTS. Comics. Comic Books. Comic Strip. Comix. Graphic Novel

DEFINITIONS FROM NO FLYING NO TIGHTS. Comics. Comic Books. Comic Strip. Comix. Graphic Novel DEFINITIONS FROM NO FLYING NO TIGHTS Comics When we discuss comics on this site, it is an umbrella terms. Cartoons, comic strips, comic books, and graphic novels are all comics, and may be referred to

More information

The Nine Grounds of Discrimination under the Equal Status Act. Sexual Orientation

The Nine Grounds of Discrimination under the Equal Status Act. Sexual Orientation The Nine Grounds of Discrimination under the Equal Status Act Sexual Orientation School Ethos Donabate/Portrane Educate Together National School operates under the direct patronage of Educate Together.

More information

Glendale Unified School District Course Catalog

Glendale Unified School District Course Catalog Glendale Unified School District Course Catalog PLEASE NOTE: NOT ALL CLASSES ARE TAUGHT IN EVERY SCHOOL, EVERY SEMESTER. CHECK WITH COUNSELOR FOR CURRENT OFFERINGS. ADULT EDUCATION or COLLEGE CLASS Prerequisite:

More information

Alignment of the National Standards for Learning Languages with the Common Core State Standards

Alignment of the National Standards for Learning Languages with the Common Core State Standards Alignment of the National with the Common Core State Standards Performance Expectations The Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts (ELA) and Literacy in History/Social Studies, Science,

More information

Apprenticeship. Have you ever thought how. Teaching Adults to Read. with Reading CTE AND LITERACY BY MICHELE BENJAMIN LESMEISTER

Apprenticeship. Have you ever thought how. Teaching Adults to Read. with Reading CTE AND LITERACY BY MICHELE BENJAMIN LESMEISTER Teaching Adults to Read with Reading Apprenticeship PHOTO BY ISTOCK.COM BY MICHELE BENJAMIN LESMEISTER Have you ever thought how one goes about teaching reading to an adult? The complexity of this task

More information

References to Play in NAEYC Position Statements

References to Play in NAEYC Position Statements References to Play in NAEYC Position Statements Developmentally Appropriate Practice Guidelines http://www.naeyc.org/positionstatements/dap From: Principles of Child Development and Learning that Inform

More information

Paragraphs Narrative, Descriptive, Expository, and Persuasive. If written as a story, the essay should include all the parts of a story.

Paragraphs Narrative, Descriptive, Expository, and Persuasive. If written as a story, the essay should include all the parts of a story. Paragraphs Narrative, Descriptive, Expository, and Persuasive Narrative When writing a narrative essay, one might think of it as telling a story. These essays are often anecdotal, experiential, and personal

More information

SB 71 Question and Answer Guide, page 1

SB 71 Question and Answer Guide, page 1 Questions and Answers about SB 71: The California Comprehensive Sexual Health and HIV/AIDS Prevention Act A Guide for Parents, Students and Community members On January 1, 2004, California replaced 11

More information

OUTLINE OF PORTFOLIO REQUIREMENTS FOR ENGLISH AND CREATIVE WRITING MAJORS

OUTLINE OF PORTFOLIO REQUIREMENTS FOR ENGLISH AND CREATIVE WRITING MAJORS OUTLINE OF PORTFOLIO REQUIREMENTS FOR ENGLISH AND CREATIVE WRITING MAJORS [Adopted -- 4/29/14] The Portfolio is required of all English and Creative Writing Majors. Students are required to develop a portfolio

More information

Historiography: Teenage Attitude of the 1950s. Lisa Wiseman

Historiography: Teenage Attitude of the 1950s. Lisa Wiseman Historiography: Lisa Wiseman From Red Oak, Texas, Lisa is entering her junior year majoring in Social Studies Education. In high school, she was a member of the National Beta Club and valedictorian of

More information

EVALUATION AND MEASUREMENT IN MARKETING: TRENDS AND CHALLENGES

EVALUATION AND MEASUREMENT IN MARKETING: TRENDS AND CHALLENGES EVALUATION AND MEASUREMENT IN MARKETING: TRENDS AND CHALLENGES Georgine Fogel, Salem International University INTRODUCTION Measurement, evaluation, and effectiveness have become increasingly important

More information

I can not live without books.

I can not live without books. Handbook1 Richland Academy School of Excellence Middle School Parent Handbook 2012 2013 School Year I can not live without books. - Thomas Jefferson Handbook2 Language Arts Reading We will work on reading

More information

THE SIX STAGES OF PARENTHOOD

THE SIX STAGES OF PARENTHOOD THE SIX STAGES OF PARENTHOOD The task of being a parent parallels children s growth and development. Just as children grow and change as they develop, noted researcher Ellen Galinsky asserts that parents

More information

Last year was the first year for which we turned in a YAP (for 2013-2014), so I can't attach one for 2012-2013.

Last year was the first year for which we turned in a YAP (for 2013-2014), so I can't attach one for 2012-2013. Annual Assessment Report Department of English 2012-2013 1. Previous Yearly Action Plan Last year was the first year for which we turned in a YAP (for 2013-2014), so I can't attach one for 2012-2013. 2.

More information

Annotated Bibliographies

Annotated Bibliographies Annotated Bibliographies Capella University Writing Center Capella University 225 South 6th Street, 9th Floor Minneapolis, MN 55402 1-888-CAPELLA (227-3552) September 2008 Table of Contents Types of Annotated

More information

The Information Literacy (IL) and Information Technology (IT) Teaching and Learning Circle. Summary, Overview and Index

The Information Literacy (IL) and Information Technology (IT) Teaching and Learning Circle. Summary, Overview and Index The Information Literacy (IL) and Information Technology (IT) Teaching and Learning Circle Summary, Overview and Index The IL-IT Teaching and Learning Circle met during the summer and fall of 2002. The

More information

Cyber Bullying: A Prevention Curriculum for Grades 6-12 Scope and Sequence

Cyber Bullying: A Prevention Curriculum for Grades 6-12 Scope and Sequence Cyber Bullying: A Prevention Curriculum for Grades 6-12 Scope and Sequence Cyber Bullying: A Prevention Curriculum for Grades 6-12 What is Cyber Bullying: A Prevention Curriculum for Grades 6-12? Cyber

More information

CHAPTER 3 - CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT (CRM)

CHAPTER 3 - CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT (CRM) CHAPTER 3 - CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT (CRM) 3.1 INTRODUCTION The most important purpose of any service orientated organisation is to retain customers. It is critical for any organization to keep

More information

Disseminating Research and Writing Research Proposals

Disseminating Research and Writing Research Proposals Disseminating Research and Writing Research Proposals Research proposals Research dissemination Research Proposals Many benefits of writing a research proposal Helps researcher clarify purpose and design

More information

Research on Graphic Organizers

Research on Graphic Organizers Research on Graphic Organizers Graphic Organizers are visual representations of a text or a topic. Organizers provide templates or frames for students or teachers to identify pertinent facts, to organize

More information

Expeditionary Learning at King Middle School. June 18, 2009

Expeditionary Learning at King Middle School. June 18, 2009 June 18, 2009 King Middle School Expeditionary Learning Planning Group 2009 Planning Steps, June 18, 2009 1. Develop a compelling topic: that targets the content and skills that students need to know at

More information

Age Developmental Characteristics:

Age Developmental Characteristics: 6 Year Old: 1. Good supply of energy. 2. Muscular control becoming more effective with large objects. 3. There is a noticeable change in the eye-hand behavior. 4. Legs lengthening rapidly. 5. Big muscles

More information

Publishing papers in international journals

Publishing papers in international journals Publishing papers in international journals I B Ferguson The Horticulture & Food Research Institute of New Zealand Private Bag 92169 Auckland New Zealand iferguson@hortresearch.co.nz 1. Introduction There

More information

Management Principles CORPORATE LEARNING COURSE TEAM BUILDING BLOCK SEMINAR 3.4

Management Principles CORPORATE LEARNING COURSE TEAM BUILDING BLOCK SEMINAR 3.4 LESSON PLAN Management Principles CORPORATE LEARNING COURSE TEAM BUILDING BLOCK SEMINAR 3.4 SCOPE This seminar discusses the basic principles of management. This lesson will help you comprehend how to

More information

Guidelines For the Education of Library Technicians

Guidelines For the Education of Library Technicians Guidelines For the Education of Library Technicians March 2011 Revision of the CLA Guidelines for the Education of Library Technicians 1991. Revised by: The Library Technician Program Chairs/Coordinators

More information

Developing Higher Level Thinking

Developing Higher Level Thinking Abstract Limbach, Barbara Chadron State College Waugh, Wendy Chadron State College This paper identifies an interdisciplinary, five-step process, built upon existing theory and best practices in cognitive

More information

Methods for Assessing Student Learning Outcomes

Methods for Assessing Student Learning Outcomes Methods for Assessing Student Learning Outcomes Dr. Jennifer E. Roberts Coordinator of Academic Assessment Office of Institutional Research, Planning, and Assessment Northern Virginia Community College

More information

Sample Strategic Plan The ABC Service Agency

Sample Strategic Plan The ABC Service Agency Sample Strategic Plan The ABC Service Agency Table of Contents Introduction...2 Executive Summary...2 Background and History...2 Direction and Results...3 Goals...3 Organization of the Strategic Plan...4

More information

** Note: deaf with a lowercase d is often reference to people that cannot here properly

** Note: deaf with a lowercase d is often reference to people that cannot here properly ** Note: deaf with a lowercase d is often reference to people that cannot here properly while Deaf with a capital D refers to people that associate themselves with Deaf culture.** From the early 19 th

More information

Planning and Writing Essays

Planning and Writing Essays Planning and Writing Essays Many of your coursework assignments will take the form of an essay. This leaflet will give you an overview of the basic stages of planning and writing an academic essay but

More information

AN ROINN OIDEACHAIS AGUS EOLAÍOCHTA

AN ROINN OIDEACHAIS AGUS EOLAÍOCHTA AN ROINN OIDEACHAIS AGUS EOLAÍOCHTA THE LEAVING CERTIFICATE ENGLISH SYLLABUS (HIGHER LEVEL and ORDINARY LEVEL) CONTENTS Page Preface 3 1. Introduction 4 2. Structure of the syllabus 6 3. Aims 7 4. Learning

More information

Grade 6 English Language Arts Performance Level Descriptors

Grade 6 English Language Arts Performance Level Descriptors Limited Grade 6 English Language Arts Performance Level Descriptors A student performing at the Limited Level demonstrates a minimal command of Ohio s Learning Standards for Grade 6 English Language Arts.

More information

Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE): Sexual Rights vs. Sexual Health

Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE): Sexual Rights vs. Sexual Health Policy Brief Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE): Sexual Rights vs. Sexual Health In recent years, sexual rights activists have shifted a great deal of their efforts to children and have made young

More information

NATIONAL HISTORY DAY IN N.C ONLINE TEACHER WORKSHOP

NATIONAL HISTORY DAY IN N.C ONLINE TEACHER WORKSHOP NATIONAL HISTORY DAY IN N.C ONLINE TEACHER WORKSHOP Learning the basics of National History Day in North Carolina Some materials adapted with permission from National History Day in Wisconsin, Washington

More information

Joshua Project People Group Profile Research and Writing Guide September 2012, Eric DeGrove

Joshua Project People Group Profile Research and Writing Guide September 2012, Eric DeGrove Joshua Project People Group Profile Research and Writing Guide September 2012, Eric DeGrove The creation of a People Group Profile requires, 1) understanding the purpose of Joshua Project, 2) using a valid

More information

Starting a Booktalk Club: Success in Just 12 Weeks!

Starting a Booktalk Club: Success in Just 12 Weeks! Starting a Booktalk Club: Success in Just 12 Weeks! It s wonderful that you re interested in starting a booktalk club at your school! Before you even begin, you may want to familiarize yourself with some

More information

Astrid Roe. What has Norway done to improve students reading skills and reading engagement?

Astrid Roe. What has Norway done to improve students reading skills and reading engagement? Astrid Roe What has Norway done to improve students reading skills and reading engagement? A short presentation of the Norwegian school system Publicly funded comprehensive school system No selecting,

More information

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present the results of my action research which was conducted in several 7 th /8 th grade language arts

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present the results of my action research which was conducted in several 7 th /8 th grade language arts Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present the results of my action research which was conducted in several 7 th /8 th grade language arts class periods in a Spanish immersion program over a two

More information

History. Programme of study for key stage 3 and attainment target (This is an extract from The National Curriculum 2007)

History. Programme of study for key stage 3 and attainment target (This is an extract from The National Curriculum 2007) History Programme of study for key stage 3 and attainment target (This is an extract from The National Curriculum 2007) Crown copyright 2007 Qualifications and Curriculum Authority 2007 Curriculum aims

More information