TCRP Report 153: Guidelines for Providing Access to Public Transportation Stations. Part 1: Planning Process, Case Studies and Design Guidelines

Transcription

1 TCRP Report 153: Guidelines for Providing Access to Public Transportation Stations Part 1: Planning Process, Case Studies and Design Guidelines Kathryn Coffel Principal, Kathryn Coffel Consulting, LLC Acknowledgements Kathryn Coffel, Kathryn Coffel Consulting, LLC Jamie Parks & Conor Semler, Kittelson &A Associates, Inc. Herbert Levinson Dave Sampson, AECOM Joseph Schofer Carol Kachadoorian, Toole Design Group 2

2 TCRP Report 153: Three Primary Research Products Guidebook Part I: Rapid Transit Station Planning 8-step idealized process Case-study insights Travel demand characteristics Part II: Rapid Transit Station Access Arrangement and Design General guidelines, and by mode: pedestrian, bicycle, transit, auto, TOD Case studies Successful practices and on-going challenges Agency-wide process (tied to 8-step process) Station-specific examples 3 Multimodal Access Evaluation Tool Webinar Outline Webinar 1: Planning Process, Case Studies and Design Guidebook Part I, Rapid Transit Station Planning Chapter 2: Station Access Planning Tools and Process Chapter 3: Insights from Case Studies Appendix E: Case Studies Guidebook Part II, Rapid Transit Station Access Arrangement and Design Chapter 6: General Station Access Guidelines Chapter 7-11: Access Guidelines by Mode 4 Pedestrian Access to Transit Bicycle Access to Transit Transit Access Automobile Access and Park-and-Ride TOD and Station Access

3 Webinar Outline Webinar 2: Station Typologies and Mode of Access Planning Tool Guidebook Part 1: Rapid Transit Station Planning Chapter 4: Station Typology and Access Modes Chapter 5: Travel Demand Considerations Appendix C: Station Access Planning Tool Appendix D: Station Access Mode Data Sections not covered: Stakeholder interviews and Literature review: Appendix A and TCRP Web-only Document 44 Appendix B: Overview of existing station access tools 5 Access to High-Capacity Transit: What Is It? High-Capacity Transit 6 Commuter rail Heavy rail Light rail and streetcar Bus rapid transit Ferry Access Modes Walk Bicycle Transit Auto Transit Oriented Development WMATA access mode hierarchy

4 Access to High-Capacity Transit: What s the Problem? Many stakeholders Many goals for station ti access improvements Maximize ridership Minimize operating costs Minimize capital costs Enhance active transportation Attract new development Limit spillover effects 7 Chapter 2: Planning Process Organized around an 8-step process Conceptual, not prescriptive pt e Based on agency interviews and observations Key Principles: Collaborative approach Quantitative and qualitative analysis of trade-offs Performance monitoring Step 1: Identify the Need Step 2: Establish a Collaborative Environment Step 3: Develop Objectives and Principles Step 4: Establish Evaluation Criteria Step 5: Build a Rich Set of Appropriate Options Step 6: Predict Outcomes and Apply Criteria Step 7: Tradeoffs, Negotiation, and Choice 8 Step 8: Implementation and Monitoring

5 Chapter 3: Insights from Transit Agencies Nine elements of successful station access planning Improving station access planning Insights from the case studies 9 Appendix E: Case Studies Organization 11 case study agencies, 22 stations Theme Background Lessons Learned Process Example Station Applications 10

6 Case Study Themes (slide 1 of 4) BART Using policy and data to drive access decisions LA Metro Experimentation and options MARTA Fostering TOD in a parking-oriented system 11 Case Study Themes (slide 2 of 4) MBTA Community driven station access management Metro-North Railroad Providing 21 st century access on a 19 th century system NJ Transit Working with local communities to achieve statewide goals 12

7 Case Study Themes (slide 3 of 4) OC Transpo Access to North America s largest BRT system RTD Denver Integrating access into a new light rail system Sound Transit Moving from station isolation to neighborhood integration 13 Case Study Themes (slide 4 of 4) TriMet Building consensus one community at a time WMATA Increasing access capacity to meet growing demand 14

8 Case Study Insights Lessons Learned Example: MBTA Access to stations can be improved even when focus is asset management, not expansion Transit agency and local jurisdiction commitment are critical to success Data on existing access patterns and modes have value even when no access mode share targets exist Parking fee increases can lower parking demand while ridership stays constant due to shifts to other access modes Planning Process: Step 1, Identify the Need Example: Metro-North Railroad, New York Commuter rail system built 120+ years ago Stations are now at capacity in densely developed areas Station access decisions and parking lots are not under Metro-North control 16

9 Planning Process: Step 2, Establish a Collaborative Environment Example: TriMet, Portland, Oregon Intensive community process Inception of planning through construction and implementation In-house outreach person dedicated to an area for the full 8-10 year process Coordination with MPO, local jurisdictions 17 Funded an engineer for a small jurisdiction Planning Process: Step 3, Develop Objectives and Principles Example: RTD, Denver Transit Access Committee for interdisciplinary coordination Transit Access Guidelines Parking Management Program Strategic Plan for TOD 18

10 Planning Process: Step 4, Establish Evaluation Criteria Example: Sound Transit, Seattle Board of Directors established 10 evaluation criteria for capital planning Operations, system, customer, land use, risk and environmental measures Application of criteria to access mode planning 19 Planning Process: Step 5, Build a Rich Set of Appropriate Options Example: LA Metro, Los Angeles Four high capacity transit modes serving 89 municipalities Established parking policies and joint development guidelines No detailed access guidelines to allow creativity at each site 20

11 Planning Process: Step 6, Predict Outcomes and Apply Criteria Example: BART, San Francisco TOD tool assesses: Impact on ridership, costs Includes parking replacement analysis Direct Ridership Model: Addresses station access features, e.g. pedestrian accessibility, bike parking 21 Map of home location by access mode, Ashby Station Planning Process: Step 7, Tradeoffs, Negotiation, and Choice Example: WMATA, Washington DC Bicycle and Pedestrian Facilities Plan balances modes Currently trade-offs, negotiation occur during budget formulation Developing formal system for evaluating cost-effectiveness of access mode improvements 22

12 Planning Process: Step 8, Evaluation and Monitoring Example: New Jersey Transit TOD Monitoring and Transit Village Initiative Evaluation Socio-economic and transportation of station areas Community perceptions of smart growth Building permit activity Survey for mode splits by station, every 7-8 years since the 1960 s 23 Chapter 6: General Station Access Guidelines General station access objectives Access mode prioritized Additional considerations Reverse and non-traditional commute patterns Car share and bike share 24

13 Chapter 7: Pedestrian Access Needed for all stations Collaboration with jurisdiction Design principles: Direct routes within the station to minimize conflicts Strong sense of security Easy orientation to station and surrounding area 25 Safe, direct, appealing walk routes to the station Chapter 8: Bicycle Access Interagency coordination Factors affecting bicycle access Bicycle access improvements Routes Parking On-board Bike sharing 26

14 Chapter 9: Transit Access Facility location and type Access objectives Stop placement, priority Shuttle service Bus characteristics Bus operating practice and terminal design Internal routing Berth dimensions, capacity Terminal access and arrangement 27 Chapter 10: Automobile Access and Park-and-Ride Why and where to provide parking Profile of users, parking and boarding comparisons Site selection, facility types, sizing and costs Traffic and parking management Facility arrangement and design Bus access Kiss-and-ride Pedestrian circulation Operations and maintenance Hours and use Pricing policies Break-even Land Facility Cost (dollars/sq. foot) Surface Lot 50 2 Level garage 70 3 Level garage 52 4 Level garage 44 5 Level garage 42 7 Level garage 39 Below ground garage Source: Adapted from Transportation Planning Handbook, 3rd Edition (30)

15 Chapter 11: Transit Oriented Development Issues and opportunities Development types and sizes General guidelines Comparisons of TOD and park-and-ride Implications and directions 29 Summary 30 Webinar 1: TCRP Report 153 Planning Process, Case Studies and Design Guidebook Part I, Rapid Transit Station Planning Chapter 2: Station Access Planning Tools and Process Chapter 3: Insights from Case Studies Appendix E: Case Studies Guidebook Part II, Rapid Transit Station Access Arrangement and Design Chapter 6: General Station Access Guidelines Chapter 7-11: Access Guidelines by Mode Webinar 2: TCRP Report 153 Station Typologies and Mode of Access Planning Tool

16 Thank you! Kathryn Coffel Jamie Parks Questions Press *1 to ask a question