Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt)

Transcription

1 10th ICTCT extra Workshop - Cycling and planning for cyclists Session: Infrastructure Cycling and designing for cyclists in Germany: An Overview of Road safety, Research and Guidelines Dipl.-Ing. Benjamin Schreck 27 th April 2016 Beijing (China) Federal Highway Research Institute, Germany Content Federal Highway Research Cycling and Road Safety Policies for bicycle development Research activities and topics Conclusion Benjamin Schreck 27 th April Benjamin Schreck 1

2 Content Federal Highway Research Cycling and Road Safety Policies for bicycle development Research activities and topics Conclusion Benjamin Schreck 27 th April Federal Highway Research Technical and Scientific Research Institute Responsible to the Federal Ministry of Transport/Digital Infrastructure Responsibilities: Scientifically Sound Decision Support on Technical Issues and Questions of Traffic Policy for the Ministry Drawing up of Regulations/Standards at National and European Level Benjamin Schreck 27 th April Benjamin Schreck 2

3 Federal Highway Research Results of ~400 employees (~150 Researcher): 800 internal and external research projects p.a. Involvement in 750 national and international committees Monitoring of legislative/harmonisation procedures, Testing, Certification, Driving license issues Benjamin Schreck 27 th April Content Federal Highway Research Cycling and Road Safety Policies for bicycle development Research activities and topics Conclusion Benjamin Schreck 27 th April Benjamin Schreck 3

4 Cycling - Benefits and opportunity Cycling and walking = basic mobility Cyclist: quickest in town, health sustaining, save money Urban Mobility: integration with public transport, creates a new structure of local mobility, electrically-assisted bikes Urban Design: less parking space required, enhances the attractiveness of urban areas Environment: eco-friendly, low noise Economic factors in Germany Production: 4,000,000 cycles/year Cycle tourism: 4 Billion /year Benjamin Schreck 27 th April Cycling and Road Safety International/Europe 10 Fatally injured cyclists 2013 rate per 1,000,000 inhabitants Estonia Luxembourg Malta Iceland Greece Sweden Spain Israel Ireland United Kingdom New Zealand Norway Australia France Cyprus United States Argentina Switzerland Portugal Finland Bulgaria EU28 Italy Germany Slovakia Croatia Korea Denmark Lithuania Austria Japan Latvia Belgium Netherlands Hungary Czech Republic Slovenia Poland Romania Chile Source: IRTAD, CARE, EUROSTAT EU28 IRTAD countries outside EU Benjamin Schreck 27 th April Benjamin Schreck 4

5 Cycling and Road Safety Europe 2000: ~3,600 to 2013: ~2,000 cyclist fatalities (-43%) Road administrations focused on the motor vehicles Cyclists not benefited from the improvements in traffic safety Cyclist Casualties per 1,000,000 inhabitants Cyclist Casualties per 1,000,000 inhabitants Bicycle modal share in terms of % of total trips Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom EU 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Bicycle modal share in terms of % of total trips Benjamin Schreck 27 th April Cycling and Road Safety Germany 70 Mio. bikes (2.5 Mio. electrically-assisted pedelecs) 20%: using bicycle daily and another 20% more times per week cycle trips: 90% of all are less than 5 km modal split: 10%, 90 million person km per day 2014: 400 cyclists killed and nearly 80,000 cyclists with personal injuries all fatalities in urban areas: 25% are cyclists, 40% are pedestrians accidents of cyclist: increasing in number and shares Benjamin Schreck 27 th April Benjamin Schreck 5

6 Cycling accidents (parties involved) in Germany 16% Cycle only (high severity) 61% Car/Cycle 77% 2 Parties Others and/or with 3 Parties 12% Cycle/Cycle and Cycle/Pedestrian 4% Truck/Cycle (very high severity) 7% 2/3 of this: Turning off, turning into or crossing accidents Underreporting: depending on severity, parties involved and accident type Research project: safety/socially and politically background Benjamin Schreck 27 th April Content Federal Highway Research Cycling and Road Safety Policies for bicycle development Research activities and topics Conclusion Benjamin Schreck 27 th April Benjamin Schreck 6

7 Policies for bicycle development Benjamin Schreck 27 th April Policies for bicycle development Road Safety Programme: measures (fields: behaviour, infrastructure, automotive engineering) aim for 2020: number of fatalities 40% National Cycling Plan 2020 : basic and framework for bicycle policy and promotion aim for 2020: modal split up to 15% Benjamin Schreck 27 th April Benjamin Schreck 7

8 Content Federal Highway Research Cycling and Road Safety Policies for bicycle development Research activities and topics Conclusion Benjamin Schreck 27 th April Research activities -> interdisciplinary cooperation Infrastructure Behaviour Automotive Engineering PGV PGV Source: Daimler Benjamin Schreck 27 th April Benjamin Schreck 8

9 Research Outcomes Technical guidelines for Planning, Design and Implementation of Cycling infrastructure Behavior campaigns Regulations/Standards (e.g. Procedures for Driver Assist Systems) Benjamin Schreck 27 th April Research Outcomes Guidelines for the Design of Urban Roads: Overall design process and safe design of roads. Based on the liveability and viability of the towns. Balanced consideration of all claims on street space. The objective is to balance the needs all users. Benjamin Schreck 27 th April Benjamin Schreck 9

10 Outcomes research Recommendations for cycle facilities 2010: provide the basis for planning/design/operation of cycle facilities 1. Cycle traffic concepts 2. Principles underlying the design 3. Types of cycle facilities on urban streets 4. Types of cycle facilities on urban intersection 5. Crossing facilities 6. Cycling in access roads 7. Cycling in opposition direction to one way roads 8. Cycling in areas of pedestrian traffic 9. Cycling on rural roads 10.Off-street cycle facilities 11.Construction and operation of bicycle facilities Benjamin Schreck 27 th April European cycle highways Green Ring in Madrid (Colmenar) Denmark ( Dankmar Alrutz) German recommendations Benjamin Schreck 27 th April Benjamin Schreck 10

11 Example Topics & Methods Turning-off Trucks and Cyclists 1 bg-verkehr.de Observation of Pedal Electric Cycles Riders to Identify Safety Concerns Benjamin Schreck 27 th April Accidents between Turning-off Trucks and Cyclists Accidents often show massive consequences Cyclists are often not seen by truck drivers (even 6 mirror) Methodology (Interdisciplinary Research): German national road accident statistics and in-depth studies Local accident investigation Driving simulator and survey National and international workshops SIFAT Benjamin Schreck 27 th April Benjamin Schreck 11

12 Accidents between Turning-off Trucks and Cyclists I langsam schnell II Bicycle III 2-5 IV ~1 R Unfalltyp 243 L A v 0,Lkw v 0,Rad v k,lkw 0.1 v k,rad 0 Truck Geschwindigkeit [km/h] Proposal for international regulations (UNECE) Benjamin Schreck 27 th April Accidents between Turning-off Trucks and Cyclists Results in Road design and operational measures: Good visibility Marking solutions Time advantage for cyclists at the start of the green phase Source: RASt 06 Source: ERA 2010 Benjamin Schreck 27 th April Benjamin Schreck 12

13 Pedal Electric Cycles Riders to Identify Safety Concerns Increasing use of Pedal Electric Cycles (Pedelecs) Pedelec 25 motor can only propel to a max. speed of 25 km/h Questions: Speed of Pedelecs? Potential Safety Aspects of Pedelecs? Users and traffic behaviour? Consequences for infrastructure and guidelines? Benjamin Schreck 27 th April Pedal Electric Cycles Riders to Identify Safety Concerns Methodology: Interview of users Usage frequency, used routes/route length, conflicts or accidents Observation - Following-bike technique Use of infrastructure, speed, conflicts PGV PGV Benjamin Schreck 27 th April Benjamin Schreck 13

14 Pedal Electric Cycles Riders to Identify Safety Concerns Results (compared with conventional cycles ) and conclusions: Users: mostly 60 years old Use of infrastructure similar Average speed and v85 of pedelec users: 2-4 km/h higher Frequency and critical situations similar Requirements of pedelecs for bicycle facilities considered in technical guidelines Benjamin Schreck 27 th April Another methods for (safety) research Video observation (fixed) Naturalistic driving Installed measuring devices on electric bike PGV BSV Benjamin Schreck 27 th April Benjamin Schreck 14

15 Another methods for (safety) research Electric bike with permanently installed measuring devices BSV Benjamin Schreck 27 th April Content Federal Highway Research Cycling and Road Safety Policies for bicycle development Research activities and topics Conclusion Benjamin Schreck 27 th April Benjamin Schreck 15

16 Conclusion Cyclists have not benefited from the improvements in traffic safety. Road administrations have primarily focused on the motor vehicles Now and in the future they will have to concentrate on cyclists safety. Important to implement, among other things, safe cycling facilities (also in the context of electromotive assisted bicycles). To promote cycling safety more effective for further research activities the interdisciplinary cooperation is necessary. Many different methods for research available. Benjamin Schreck 27 th April Benjamin Schreck 16