Radionuclides to be considered in dose estimates following accidental airborne releases
|
|
- Allan Parker
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Radionuclides to be considered in dose estimates following accidental airborne releases K.G. Andersson, S.P. DTU Nutech, Technical University of Denmark ESS Target Station Design Update Name Affiliation Authors K.G. Andersson, S.P. DTU Nutech, Risø, Denmark Reviewers P. Jacobsson, T. Hansson ESS-AB, Sweden ESS-AB, Sweden
2 Document history Version Release date Comment 1 27/08/2012 Creation of version #1 2 30/08/2012 Comments by D. Ene implemented
3 Radionuclides to be considered in dose estimates following accidental airborne releases Introduction Assessment of radiological risk to man and environment from a hypothetical accident involving release of radioactive substances to air requires input data and a range of assumptions. Input data needed include the source term, i.e. identification of the radionuclides involved and the amounts released and the assumptions include specifications of the circumstances under which atmospheric transport and subsequent exposure of man occurs. Input data on accidents was made available at a meeting at ESS in Lund on 13 th of August 2012 identifying radionuclide inventory after 5 y operation (Ene, 2011) and specification of accident scenarios ( 2012). The meeting decided to focus on Design Basis Accident conditions and use release factors specified for elements representing volatiles and aerosols. This approach required further identification of radionuclides by combining the list of elements of volatiles and aerosols with the list of radionuclide inventory. For practical purposes a ranking of radionuclides according to radiological significance was needed in order to identify the radionuclides that contribute most to radiation dose to man from the accident. This report describes the ranking procedure applied and the radionuclides identified. Methodology Obviously, tritium needs to be considered in the dose calculations, due to the high concentrations in several parts of the ESS facility, wherefrom releases could occur, as well as the long physical half-life compared with most other radionuclides of potential relevance, and the high expected release fraction. Other contaminants of potential concern are defined with respect to element in the ESS document Specification for revised dose assessment ( 2012), and with respect to radionuclides of these elements in the ESS nuclide inventory report (Ene, 2011). Assessments to be made relate to accidents involving a monolith temperature of 500 C, and the elements of concern here would be Na, Ga, K, Rb, Cs,
4 Se, Sn, In, Zn, Te and Cd (assumed to be aerosols), and P, Cl, O, N, Br, F, S and I (assumed to be volatiles) ( 2012). Various isotopes of each of these elements are present in the inventory. The relative importance of each radionuclide needs to be identified to create a manageable list of only the radionuclides of importance for detailed consequence calculations. For this purpose, we calculated a risk index related to the internal dose (by ingestion of contaminated food) in an accident situation by multiplying the inventory content (after 5 y operation) of each radionuclide by the ICRP ingestion dose factor (ICRP, 1996) and the release fraction from the tungsten material (0.1 for volatiles and 0.01 for aerosols). Also external dose needs to be represented in this ranking, and another risk factor was calculated by multiplying the inventory content by a dose rate factor for exposure from a large, homogeneously contaminated plane ground surface (unit: Sv/s per Bq/m 2 on the ground) which was taken from Eckerman & Ryman, 1993), and a time integration factor (unit: s), which takes into account a subsequent exposure period (1y), and the physical half-life of each radionuclide. From experience it is expected that the magnitude of ingestion doses and external exposure from the ground would for 137 Cs contamination be of approximately the same magnitude (see, e.g., Roed et al., 2006). The relationship between ingestion and external dose risk index was for all other radionuclides scaled by the same factor that made the two ranking factors for 137 Cs balance. At this point the external and internal dose risk indices were combined by simple addition. The following ten radionuclides represent more than 96 % of the total of the dose ranking factors for the potentially release radionuclides (in this order): I-125, I-126, I-120, I-123, Te-121, Cd-109, Rb-83, I-121, Sn-113 and Se-75 (see Table 1). Table 1. Ranking of the most important radionuclides, based on estimated risk indices from ingestion dose and external exposure. Radionuclide T½, s Q (target), Bq* Ranking parameter I E E E+07 I E E E+06 I E E E+05 I E E E+05 Te E E E+05 Cd E E E+05 Rb E E E+05 I E E E+05 Sn E E E+05 Se E E E+05 *after 5 y operation
5 Also noble gases need to be considered. These are in the present context radionuclides of Ar, Kr and Xe. Naturally, none of these deposit, and contribute mainly to dose through radiation from the contaminated plume while dose from inhalation is insignificant. With the default assumption (Swedish Radiation Safety Authority, 2009) for accident calculations of a wind speed of 3 m/s and a distance to the representative person of only a few hundred metres, the physical halflife is of very little importance (provided that it exceeds a few minutes). It should also be noted that very little progeny of these released noble gas would be produced over the very limited time that it takes for the noble gases to spread over a very large area, thus resulting in very small individual doses. A risk factor related to the dose contribution from each noble gas contaminant can thus be calculated by multiplying the inventory content by the dose factor from Eckerman & Ryman for submersion in contaminated air of semi-infinite dimensions. The following ten radionuclides represent more than 99 % of the total of the thus calculated noble gas dose ranking factors (in this order): Xe-121, Xe-123, Xe-125, Xe-120, Xe-127, Xe-122, Kr-77, Kr-79, Kr-76 and Kr-88. Conclusions A short list of radionuclides of importance in connection with accidents has been created on the basis of information of source strengths in target following 5 years operation. On this basis it will be possible, given assumptions agreed on at the meeting in Lund on the 13 th of August 2012 regarding effective release height of 45 m to calculate the resulting dose per Bq emitted during the accident.
6 References: Archive number Eckerman K F and Ryman J C (1993). External exposure to radionuclides in air, water, and soil. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA, Federal Guidance Report No. 12. Ene, D. (2011). Evaluation of ESS safety relevant concerns assuming two basic concepts for the target station, EDMS archive number , , ESS, Lund, Sweden. T. (2012). Specification for revised dose assessment, ESS /1, , ESS, Lund, Sweden. ICRP Publication 72, Age-dependent doses to members of the public from intake of radionuclides: Part 5, Compilation of Ingestion and Inhalation Dose Coefficients, ICRP, Elsevier Science Ltd., Oxford, Roed, J., Andersson, K.G., Barkovsky, A.N., Fogh, C.L., Mishine, A.S., Ponamarjov, A.V. & Ramzaev, V.P. (2006). Reduction of external dose in a wet-contaminated housing area in the Bryansk Region, Russia, J. Environmental Radioactivity, vol. 85 (2-3), pp Swedish Radiation Safety Authority (2009), Decision, 2nd April Reference: SSM 2008/1945, Order with regard to analysis of the radiological environmental impacts of nuclear reactors Oskarshamn 1, 2 and Oskarshamn 3.
COMPARISON OF SOFTWARE FOR RESCUE OPERATION PLANNING DURING AN ACCIDENT IN A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
COMPARISON OF SOFTWARE FOR RESCUE OPERATION PLANNING DURING AN ACCIDENT IN A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT 3 Richetta 3 ABSTRACT This work has been developed to determine proper analytical support instruments in
More informationFukushima Accident: Radioactive Releases and Potential Dose Consequences
Fukushima Accident: Radioactive Releases and Potential Dose Consequences Peter F. Caracappa, Ph.D., CHP Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute ANS Annual Meeting Special Session: The Accident at Fukushima Daiichi
More informationAssessment of environmental radiation monitoring data in Hungary following the Fukushima accident
Radioprotection 2013 Vol. 48, n o 5, pages S117 à S123 DOI: 10.1051/radiopro/20139918 Case studies in national experiences Assessment of environmental radiation monitoring data in Hungary following the
More informationDerived Intervention Levels for Tritium Based on Food and Drug Administration Methodology Using ICRP 56 Dose Coefficients (U)
.' I Keywords: Retention: Tritium ICRP 56 Dose Coefficients Derived Intervention Level Lifetime Derived Intervention Levels for Tritium Based on Food and Drug Administration Methodology Using ICRP 56 Dose
More informationIonizing Radiation, Czech Republic, CMI (Czech Metrology Institute)
Ionizing Radiation, Czech Republic, (Czech Metrology Institute) Calibration or Measurement RADIOACTIVITY 1.0E+00 1.0E+02 Bq cm -2 C-14 1.0E+01 1.0E+02 Bq cm -2 Co-60 1.0E+01 1.0E+02 Bq cm -2 Sr-90 1.0E+01
More informationResponse of SCK CEN to the Fukushima Nuclear Accident in the Context of the Protection of Belgian Citizens
MELODI Workshop, 8-10 October 2013, Brussels Response of to the Fukushima Nuclear Accident in the Context of the Protection of Belgian Citizens Johan Camps Crisis Management and Decision support unit Belgian
More informationFukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Unit 1-3 Evaluation method of the present amount of radioactive material released from the Reactor Building
< Reference > November 26, 2011 Tokyo Electric Power Company Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Unit 1-3 Evaluation method of the present amount of radioactive material released from the Reactor Building
More informationREVIEW QUESTIONS Chapter 8
Chemistry 101 ANSWER KEY REVIEW QUESTIONS Chapter 8 Use only a periodic table to answer the following questions. 1. Write complete electron configuration for each of the following elements: a) Aluminum
More informationNuclear accidents and radioactive contamination of foods 30 March 2011
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Nuclear accidents and radioactive contamination of foods 30 March 2011 This document is intended to provide basic background information and not
More informationSignificant incidents in nuclear fuel cycle
IAEA-TECDOC-867 Significant incidents in nuclear fuel cycle INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY The IAEA does not normally maintain stocks of reports in this series. However, microfiche copies The originating
More informationThe following information is provided in this report or in the listed references;
SUMMARY This report summarizes the existing information describing Site specific Data as defined October 2011 by the document 1135081 v8.1 ESS Target Station Design Update Project Work Package Structure
More informationRADON AND HEALTH. INFORMATION SHEET October 2002. What is radon and where does it come from?
INFORMATION SHEET October 2 FINAL RADON AND HEALTH What is radon and where does it come from? Radon is a natural radioactive gas without odour, colour or taste. It cannot be detected without special equipment.
More informationOn the current needs in European decision support tools for contaminated areas
Radioprotection 2013 Vol. 48, n o 5, pages S57 à S64 DOI: 10.1051/radiopro/20139909 Methodological aspects and updates of computational models On the current needs in European decision support tools for
More informationThe objective of this chapter is to provide criteria with which to assess the safety of
9 Radiological aspects The objective of this chapter is to provide criteria with which to assess the safety of drinking-water with respect to its radionuclide content. The Guidelines do not differentiate
More informationCs and 137 Cs in lichen (Cladonia stellaris) in southern Finland
Boreal Environment Research 12: 29 35 issn 1239-695 Helsinki 22 February 27 27 and in lichen (Cladonia stellaris) in southern Finland Marketta Puhakainen, Tua Rahola, Tarja Heikkinen and Eero Illukka STUK
More informationRadiological mapping and characterization at the Barsebäck nuclear power plant
Radiological mapping and characterization at the Barsebäck nuclear power plant Leif Spanier, Scandpower AB Lars Håkansson, Barsebäck Kraft AB Radiological Characterisation for Decommissioning Workshop
More informationInvestigation into Terrestrial Radioactive Contamination at Thule and Assessment of Radiation Doses
S und h eds st yr elsen Statens Institut for Strålebeskyttelse Investigation into Terrestrial Radioactive Contamination at Thule and Assessment of Radiation Doses 2 0 1 1 Investigation into Terrestrial
More informationSOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS DESCRIPTION AND SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR BIOSPHERE MODEL TO ESTIMATE RADIOLOGICAL DOSE IN THE GOLDSIM ENVIRONMENT
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS DESCRIPTION AND SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR BIOSPHERE MODEL TO ESTIMATE RADIOLOGICAL DOSE IN THE GOLDSIM ENVIRONMENT Prepared for U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Prepared by
More informationRADIATION MONITORING NETWORK OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC
RADIATION MONITORING NETWORK OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC Petr Kuča, Leoš Novák, Petr Rulík, Josef Tecl National Radiation Protection Institute, Prague, Czech Republic Introduction The Radiation Monitoring Network
More informationUNDERSTANDING THE AIR SAMPLING DATA
UNDERSTANDING THE AIR SAMPLING DATA The tables shown below provide screening analyses for the amount of alpha and beta activity that has been detected since the February 14 radiological event. Locations
More informationApplication Note. ipix A Gamma imager to support various applications
Application Note ipix A Gamma imager to support various applications Introduction ipix is a unique gamma imager that quickly locates low level radioactive sources from a distance and estimates the dose
More informationB) atomic number C) both the solid and the liquid phase D) Au C) Sn, Si, C A) metal C) O, S, Se C) In D) tin D) methane D) bismuth B) Group 2 metal
1. The elements on the Periodic Table are arranged in order of increasing A) atomic mass B) atomic number C) molar mass D) oxidation number 2. Which list of elements consists of a metal, a metalloid, and
More informationA Review of Emerging Gamma Detector Technologies for Airborne. Radiation Monitoring
A Review of Emerging Gamma Detector Technologies for Airborne Steven Bell ANSRI Dublin 2015 12-14 January Radiation Monitoring Airborne radiation Particulates: sub-μm to sub-mm contaminated with fission
More informationCROM An Introduction. Juan Carlos Mora Radiation Protection for the Public and the Environment CIEMAT
CROM An Introduction Juan Carlos Mora Radiation Protection for the Public and the Environment CIEMAT Environmental impact assessment Release Transfer to plants and animals Concentration in foodstuffs MODEL(S)
More informationRadiological Protection Principles concerning the Natural Radioactivity of Building Materials
Radiological Protection Principles concerning the Natural Radioactivity of Building Materials European Commission Radiation protection 112 Radiological Protection Principles concerning the Natural Radioactivity
More informationAzeri, Chirag & Gunashli Full Field Development Phase 3 Environmental & Socio-economic Impact Assessment. A10.1 Introduction...
APPENDIX 10 Normally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) Contents A10.1 Introduction... A10/3 A10.2 Occurrence & Concentration of NORM in Oil and Gas Operations... A10/4 A10.2.1 Probability of NORM formation
More informationPERIODIC TABLE OF GROUPS OF ELEMENTS Elements can be classified using two different schemes.
1 PERIODIC TABLE OF GROUPS OF ELEMENTS Elements can be classified using two different schemes. Metal Nonmetal Scheme (based on physical properties) Metals - most elements are metals - elements on left
More informationEnvironmental Radiation Monitoring in Taiwan
Environmental Radiation Monitoring in Taiwan Introduction: Ching-Chung Huang Radiation Monitoring Center, Atomic Energy Council 823, Cherng-Ching Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan cchuang @ trmc.aec.gov.tw Chemical,
More informationFacility Hazard Categorization and Change Management Process
HANFORD MISSION SUPPORT CONTRACT Facility Hazard Categorization and Change Management Process MSC-PRO-8366 Revision 4 Effective Date: December 12, 2013 Topic: Nuclear and System Safety Approved for Public
More informationCHEM 1411 Chapter 5 Homework Answers
1 CHEM 1411 Chapter 5 Homework Answers 1. Which statement regarding the gold foil experiment is false? (a) It was performed by Rutherford and his research group early in the 20 th century. (b) Most of
More informationExamination of National and International Impacts of Adoption of ICRP Recommendations
Examination of National and International Impacts of Adoption of ICRP Recommendations Introduction The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) staff has engaged in multiple domestic and international
More informationA radiation weighting factor is an estimate of the effectiveness per unit dose of the given radiation relative a to low-let standard.
Radiological Protection For practical purposes of assessing and regulating the hazards of ionizing radiation to workers and the general population, weighting factors are used. A radiation weighting factor
More informationResults of Airborne Monitoring by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology and the U.S. Department of Energy
May 6, 2011 Results of Airborne Monitoring by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology and the U.S. Department of Energy The results of the Airborne Monitoring by the Ministry
More informationAbout Pure Earth and the Toxic Site Identification Program
About and the Toxic Site Identification Program is a New York based not-for-profit organization that partners with governments, NGOs and community groups to solve life-threatening pollution problems in
More informationMaine Yankee INDEPENDENT SPENT FUEL INSTALLATION (ISFSI) OFF-SITE DOSE CALCULATION MANUAL CHANGE NO. 32. Approved: Approval Date: 0"/06
Maine Yankee INDEPENDENT SPENT FUEL INSTALLATION (ISFSI) OFF-SITE DOSE CALCULATION MANUAL CHANGE NO. 32 Approved: Approval Date: 0"/06 ABSTRACT The Maine Yankee Nuclear Power Station Off-Site Dose Calculation
More informationSome Lessons Learned on Medical Preparedness and Response from Several Types of Nuclear Power Plant Accidents
Some Lessons Learned on Medical Preparedness and Response from Several Types of Nuclear Power Plant Accidents Symposium on the Science and Response to a Nuclear Reactor Accident,The National Academy of
More informationFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS: National Response to I-131 from Japan Nuclear Power Plant March 27, 2011. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS: National Response to I-131 from Japan Nuclear Power Plant March 27, 2011 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Are the levels we re seeing in precipitation likely to lead to
More informationQ1 2014. Environmental Emissions Data for Pickering Nuclear ONTARIO POWER GENERATION ONT
OVERVIEW This quarterly report summarizes s environmental emissions data for the year-to-date, including: Radioactive Effluents: Releases to air and water, including discharges to the municipal sewage
More informationDeposition Velocity Estimation with the GENII v2 Software
Deposition Velocity Estimation with the GENII v2 Software N. J. Schira D. R. Armstrong D. C. Thoman E. A. R. Henley URS Safety Management Solutions 2131 S. Centennial Ave Aiken, SC 29803 nicholas.schira@wsms.com
More informationNational Radiation Air Monitoring Network National Environmental Monitoring Conference San Antonio -- August 6, 2013
National Radiation Air Monitoring Network National Environmental Monitoring Conference San Antonio -- August 6, 2013 Dan Askren & Scott Telofski National Analytical Radiation Environmental Laboratory Montgomery,
More informationmedical diagnostics caesium-137 naturally occurring radio nuclides in the food radon in indoor air potassium in the body
Summary The radiation environment to which the population of Sweden is exposed is dominated by medical investigations and background radiation from the ground and building materials in our houses. That
More informationFind a pair of elements in the periodic table with atomic numbers less than 20 that are an exception to the original periodic law.
Example Exercise 6.1 Periodic Law Find the two elements in the fifth row of the periodic table that violate the original periodic law proposed by Mendeleev. Mendeleev proposed that elements be arranged
More informationChem 115 POGIL Worksheet - Week 4 Moles & Stoichiometry
Chem 115 POGIL Worksheet - Week 4 Moles & Stoichiometry Why? Chemists are concerned with mass relationships in chemical reactions, usually run on a macroscopic scale (grams, kilograms, etc.). To deal with
More informationOperational Use of Atmospheric Dispersion Models for Emergency Response in Denmark Assessing Consequences of the Fukushima Daiichi Accident
Operational Use of Atmospheric Dispersion Models for Emergency Response in Denmark Assessing Consequences of the Fukushima Daiichi Accident Steen Cordt Hoe 1, Jens Havskov Sørensen 2, Ulrik Smith Korsholm
More informationCase study from Ukraine
Case study from Ukraine Uranium Mining Facilities at the Pridneprovsky Chemical Plant Rodolfo Avila Outline Overview of the situation Monitoring programs Examples of monitoring results Modelling work Examples
More informationTraining in Emergency Preparedness and Response
Working to Protect People, Society and the Environment Training in Emergency Preparedness and Response Nuclear Safety and Security Programme Nuclear Safety and Security Programme Training in Emergency
More informationChem 115 POGIL Worksheet - Week 4 Moles & Stoichiometry Answers
Key Questions & Exercises Chem 115 POGIL Worksheet - Week 4 Moles & Stoichiometry Answers 1. The atomic weight of carbon is 12.0107 u, so a mole of carbon has a mass of 12.0107 g. Why doesn t a mole of
More informationANALYSIS OF FUKUSHIMA S ACCIDENT BY FRENCH NATIONAL DATA CENTER
ANALYSIS OF FUKUSHIMA S ACCIDENT BY FRENCH NATIONAL DATA CENTER G. LE PETIT, P. ACHIM, P. GROSS, G. DOUYSSET, M. MONFORT C. JUTIER, T. TAFFARY, X. BLANCHARD, C. MOULIN, T. HERITIER Commissariat à l Energie
More informationGuidelines for Reporting Radiological Incidents to the Radiological Protection Institute of Ireland
Guidelines for Reporting Radiological Incidents to the Radiological Protection Institute of Ireland RPII 13/03 Guidelines for Reporting Radiological Incidents to the Radiological Protection Institute
More informationORTEC DET-SW-UPG. Latest Software Features. Ease of Use. Source Location with the Detective V3 Software
ORTEC DET-SW-UPG Latest Software Features Three Search Modes: Gamma/Neutron total count rate. SNM search mode. Sliding average "monitor" mode. (NEW) User choice of identification schemes: Classify mode
More information............... [2] At the time of purchase of a Strontium-90 source, the activity is 3.7 10 6 Bq.
1 Strontium-90 decays with the emission of a β-particle to form Yttrium-90. The reaction is represented by the equation 90 38 The decay constant is 0.025 year 1. 90 39 0 1 Sr Y + e + 0.55 MeV. (a) Suggest,
More informationTechnical Basis for Calculating Radiation Doses for the Building Occupancy Scenario Using the Probabilistic RESRAD-BUILD 3.0 Code
NUREG/CR-6755 ANL/EAD/TM/02-1 Technical Basis for Calculating Radiation Doses for the Building Occupancy Scenario Using the Probabilistic RESRAD-BUILD 3.0 Code Argonne National Laboratory U.S. Nuclear
More informationOptimization for the design of environmental monitoring networks in routine and emergency settings
Optimization for the design of environmental monitoring networks in routine and emergency settings S.J. Melles 1,2, G.B.M. Heuvelink 1, C.J.W. Twenhöfel 3, A. van Dijk 3, P. Hiemstra 4, O. Baume 1, U.
More informationPhysics Notes Class 11 CHAPTER 2 UNITS AND MEASUREMENTS
1 P a g e Physics Notes Class 11 CHAPTER 2 UNITS AND MEASUREMENTS The comparison of any physical quantity with its standard unit is called measurement. Physical Quantities All the quantities in terms of
More informationChemistry 1000 Lecture 2: Nuclear reactions and radiation. Marc R. Roussel
Chemistry 1000 Lecture 2: Nuclear reactions and radiation Marc R. Roussel Nuclear reactions Ordinary chemical reactions do not involve the nuclei, so we can balance these reactions by making sure that
More informationStructure and Properties of Atoms
PS-2.1 Compare the subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, electrons) of an atom with regard to mass, location, and charge, and explain how these particles affect the properties of an atom (including identity,
More informationThe International Monitoring System noble gas network Matthias Auer, CTBTO, Vienna
Noble gas measurements for monitoring the CTBTO System (IMS) is a unique global network for surveillance of the Comprehensive Nuclear-TestBan Treaty. A major component of the IMS is the radionuclide monitoring
More informationHazard Classification of the Remote Handled Low Level Waste Disposal Facility
1 Hazard Classification of the Remote Handled Low Level Waste Disposal Facility Abstract Boyd D. Christensen Battelle Energy Alliance, Idaho National Laboratory P.O. Box 1625 Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415 208
More informationIt takes four quantum numbers to describe an electron. Additionally, every electron has a unique set of quantum numbers.
So, quantum mechanics does not define the path that the electron follows; rather, quantum mechanics works by determining the energy of the electron. Once the energy of an electron is known, the probability
More informationELECTRON CONFIGURATION (SHORT FORM) # of electrons in the subshell. valence electrons Valence electrons have the largest value for "n"!
179 ELECTRON CONFIGURATION (SHORT FORM) - We can represent the electron configuration without drawing a diagram or writing down pages of quantum numbers every time. We write the "electron configuration".
More informationJason Associates Corporation, 12 Kentucky Ave., Suite 203, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830
MOL.20010913.0188 Qlac : d4 A Transportation Risk Assessment Tool for Analyzing the Transport of Spent Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste to the Proposed Yucca Mountain Repository Thomas McSweeney,'
More informationEPA Radionuclides Rule and the RadNet Program
EPA Radionuclides Rule and the RadNet Program Kelly Moran (215) 814-2331 moran.kelly@epa.gov 7/20/2011 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1 What is a radionuclide (radioisotope)? element - any one of
More informationChemistry CP Unit 2 Atomic Structure and Electron Configuration. Learning Targets (Your exam at the end of Unit 2 will assess the following:)
Chemistry CP Unit 2 Atomic Structure and Electron Learning Targets (Your exam at the end of Unit 2 will assess the following:) 2. Atomic Structure and Electron 2-1. Give the one main contribution to the
More informationEXPERIMENT 4 The Periodic Table - Atoms and Elements
EXPERIMENT 4 The Periodic Table - Atoms and Elements INTRODUCTION Primary substances, called elements, build all the materials around you. There are more than 109 different elements known today. The elements
More informationB I N G O B I N G O. Hf Cd Na Nb Lr. I Fl Fr Mo Si. Ho Bi Ce Eu Ac. Md Co P Pa Tc. Uut Rh K N. Sb At Md H. Bh Cm H Bi Es. Mo Uus Lu P F.
Hf Cd Na Nb Lr Ho Bi Ce u Ac I Fl Fr Mo i Md Co P Pa Tc Uut Rh K N Dy Cl N Am b At Md H Y Bh Cm H Bi s Mo Uus Lu P F Cu Ar Ag Mg K Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility - Office of cience ducation
More informationRadon in Nordic countries
Radon in Nordic countries Tarja K. Ikäheimonen Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority Finland Outline Radon sources Health risk Radon concentrations Reference levels Radon remediation and prevention Radon
More informationWM2012 Conference, February 26-March 1, 2012, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
Radioactive Waste Characterization Strategies; Comparisons Between AK/PK, Dose to Curie Modeling, Gamma Spectroscopy, and Laboratory Analysis Methods- 12194 Steven J. Singledecker, Scotty W. Jones, Alison
More informationRADON - 1 73- Although radon is agas, its decay products are not, and they occur either as unattached
RADON 1. ehemical and Physical Data 1.1 Introduction Radon is a noble gas that occurs in several isotopic forms. Only two of these are found in significant concentrations in the human environment: radon-222,
More informationANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOLOGICAL DATA RELATING TO THE 2000 WILDFIRE AT HANFORD
WDOH/320-025 Environmental Radiation Program STATE OF WASHINGTON DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOLOGICAL DATA RELATING TO THE 2000 WILDFIRE AT HANFORD January 2002 Environmental Health
More informationBackgrounder Office of Public Affairs Telephone: 301/415-8200 E-mail: opa@nrc.gov
Backgrounder Office of Public Affairs Telephone: 301/415-8200 E-mail: opa@nrc.gov Radiation Protection and the Tooth Fairy Issue Background The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission is the federal agency
More informationEmergencies Involving Radiation
Page 1-1 Section 1 Emergencies Involving Radiation Contents A. Emergency Phone Numbers...1-2 1. Campus... 1-2 a. Radiation Safety Office 543-0463... 1-2 b. University Police 9-911... 1-2 2. Off Campus...
More informationPosition paper on the implications of deep sea disposal of radioctive waste
Agenda Item 4 English only OSPAR Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic Meeting of the Radioactive Substances Committee (RSC) Stockholm (Sweden): 20-23 April
More informationWASTE STREAM 2Y51 Analytical Services Process Facilities - North Labs
WASTE STREAM 2Y51 Analytical Services Process Facilities North Labs SITE SITE OWNER WASTE CUSTODIAN WASTE TYPE Sellafield Nuclear Decommissioning Authority Sellafield Limited LLW WASTE VOLUMES Stocks:
More informationCRIIRAD report N. 10-07. Analyses of atmospheric radon 222 / canisters exposed by Greenpeace in Niger (Arlit/Akokan sector)
CRIIRAD Commission de Recherche et d Information Indépendantes sur la Radioactivité Site : www.criirad.org Tel : + 33 (0)4 75 41 82 50 Fax : + 33 (0)4 75 81 26 48 E-mail : laboratoire@criirad.org Valence,
More informationDose assessment for workers at mercury recycling of sludge and scale from natural gas production
Dose assessment for workers at mercury recycling of sludge and scale from natural gas production Hartmut Schulz IAF - Radioökologie GmbH. Karpatenstraße 20 01326 Dresden Wolfgang Mothes GMR Gesellschaft
More informationEnvironmental Remediation Examples and Remediation Strategic Planning
Environmental Remediation Examples and Remediation Strategic Planning Yasuo Onishi (yasuo.onishi@pnnl.gov) October 16, 2011 Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, and Washington State University, Civil
More informationChapter 7 Periodic Properties of the Elements
Chapter 7 Periodic Properties of the Elements 1. Elements in the modern version of the periodic table are arranged in order of increasing. (a). oxidation number (b). atomic mass (c). average atomic mass
More information1. PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMENT
1 This public health statement tells you about cesium and the effects of exposure. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) identifies the most serious hazardous waste sites in the nation. These sites
More informationRadiation Monitoring System RMS
Radiation Monitoring System RMS VF RMS radiation monitoring system is a modular and standardized system for the radiological monitoring. Variety of radiation monitors, display and alarm units can be connected
More informationCOUNCIL DIRECTIVE 2013/51/EURATOM
L 296/12 Official Journal of the European Union 7.11.2013 DIRECTIVES COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 2013/51/EURATOM of 22 October 2013 laying down requirements for the protection of the health of the general public
More informationExposures from the Events at the NPPs in Fukushima following the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami
Exposures from the Events at the NPPs in Fukushima following the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami Yoshiharu YONEKURA The 58th session of UNSCEAR, 23 rd May, 2011 1. Impact on Public & Environment
More information5.4 Trends in the Periodic Table
5.4 Trends in the Periodic Table Think about all the things that change over time or in a predictable way. For example, the size of the computer has continually decreased over time. You may become more
More informationSafety Reports Series No.33
Safety Reports Series No.33 Radiation Protection against Radon in Workplaces other than Mines Jointly sponsored by IAEA, ILO RADIATION PROTECTION AGAINST RADON IN WORKPLACES OTHER THAN MINES SAFETY REPORTS
More informationORTEC Radioactivity and its Measurements in Foodstuffs Where Does Radioactivity in Food Come From? Natural Radioactivity: Industrial Radioactivity:
ORTEC Food Monitoring Note Radioactivity and its Measurements in Foodstuffs Where Does Radioactivity in Food Come From? Radioactivity is, and always has been, present in all foodstuffs to some extent.
More informationMCQ - ENERGY and CLIMATE
1 MCQ - ENERGY and CLIMATE 1. The volume of a given mass of water at a temperature of T 1 is V 1. The volume increases to V 2 at temperature T 2. The coefficient of volume expansion of water may be calculated
More informationRadiation Monitoring System DLMon
Radiation Monitoring System DLMon Fields of Application: Dose rate monitoring system for use in nuclear medicine Area monitoring ( e.g. manufacturing of radionuclides, laboratories, nuclear power plants,
More informationUNIT (2) ATOMS AND ELEMENTS
UNIT (2) ATOMS AND ELEMENTS 2.1 Elements An element is a fundamental substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means into simpler substances. Each element is represented by an abbreviation called
More informationTHE RESULTS OF THE LITHUANIAN RADON SURVEY. Gendrutis Morkunas 1, Gustav Akerblom 2
Radon in the Living Environment, 008 THE RESULTS OF THE LITHUANIAN RADON SURVEY Gendrutis Morkunas 1, Gustav Akerblom 2 1 Radiation Protection Centre, Kalvariju 153, LT-2042, Vilnius, Lithuania Tel. 3702
More informationThyroid Screening for Radioiodine
Regulatory Document Thyroid Screening for Radioiodine July 2008 CNSC REGULATORY DOCUMENTS The Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) develops regulatory documents under the authority of paragraphs 9(b)
More informationEMERGENCY PROCEDURES FOR RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL. 2. Prevent the spread of contamination by covering the spill with absorbent paper.
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES FOR RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL MINOR SPILLS: 1. Notify persons in the area that a spill has occurred. 2. Prevent the spread of contamination by covering the spill with absorbent paper. 3.
More informationRn, Rn and their progeny concentrations in o$ces in Hong Kong
Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 48 (2000) 211}221 Rn, Rn and their progeny concentrations in o$ces in Hong Kong K.N. Yu*, T. Cheung, Z.J. Guan, B.W.N. Mui, Y.T. Ng Department of Physics and Materials
More informationObjectives 404 CHAPTER 9 RADIATION
Objectives Explain the difference between isotopes of the same element. Describe the force that holds nucleons together. Explain the relationship between mass and energy according to Einstein s theory
More informationPassive Whole Body Monitoring Nuclear Power Industry Application Introduction to the Argos -5AB Zeus (Gamma Option) and the GEM
Application Note Passive Whole Body Monitoring Nuclear Power Industry Application Introduction to the Argos -5AB Zeus (Gamma Option) and the GEM -5 Gamma Exit Monitor CANBERRA s personnel contamination
More informationAll answers must use the correct number of significant figures, and must show units!
CHEM 10113, Quiz 2 September 7, 2011 Name (please print) All answers must use the correct number of significant figures, and must show units! IA Periodic Table of the Elements VIIIA (1) (18) 1 2 1 H IIA
More informationChapter 8 Basic Concepts of the Chemical Bonding
Chapter 8 Basic Concepts of the Chemical Bonding 1. There are paired and unpaired electrons in the Lewis symbol for a phosphorus atom. (a). 4, 2 (b). 2, 4 (c). 4, 3 (d). 2, 3 Explanation: Read the question
More informationChapter NP-5. Nuclear Physics. Nuclear Reactions TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES 1.0 NUCLEAR REACTIONS 2.0 NEUTRON INTERACTIONS
Chapter NP-5 Nuclear Physics Nuclear Reactions TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES 1.0 2.0 NEUTRON INTERACTIONS 2.1 ELASTIC SCATTERING 2.2 INELASTIC SCATTERING 2.3 RADIATIVE CAPTURE 2.4 PARTICLE
More informationThe Radon Calibration Laboratory at the Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS)
The Radon Calibration Laboratory at the Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS) T.R. Beck, H. Buchröder, J. Döring, E. Foerster, V. Schmidt Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz (Federal Office for Radiation
More informationNORM MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES & PRINCIPLES
Introducing NORM NORM MANAGEMENT Three is glad to present some basic hints about NORM that should be taken onto consideration whilst dealing with these matters The acronym NORMmeans all Naturally Occurring
More informationCHAPTER 8 PRACTICE TEST QUESTIONS (END OF CHAPTER 7 TOO)
CHAPTER 8 PRACTICE TEST QUESTIONS (END OF CHAPTER 7 TOO) Information that most likely will be on the front cover of your exam: h i Z 2 ΔE = @ 2.18 x 10 @ 18 f Z 2 f J j @ k n f 2 n i 2 1. Which of the
More informationThe Selection of Alarm Levels for Personnel Exit Monitors
Interim Issue Dec 2009 Operational Monitoring Good Practice Guide The Selection of Alarm Levels for Personnel Exit Monitors Industry Radiological Protection Coordination Group Page 1 of 59. Contents Foreword
More information