Lingua e Cultura inglese

Transcription

1 Lingua e Cultura inglese Prof.ssa Fabiana Loparco Michael Vince - Grazia Cerulli New Inside Grammar Oxford, Macmillan, 2009 Università degli Studi di Macerata Dipartimento di Scienze della Formazione, dei Beni Culturali e del Turismo Classe: L-19 Anno Accademico 2014/2015

2 Lesson number: 8 1. Il futuro con may, might, be likely 2. Shall I/we? I ll 3. Altre forme usate per proporre di fare qualcosa 4. Linkers of reason and results

3 1. Il futuro con may, might, be likely May e might sono usati per esprimere una possibilità/probabilità futura (= può darsi che, è possibile/probabile che ). May e might possono essere usati indifferentemente, anche se might tende a esprimere una possibilità più incerta. It may/might stop raining = Perhaps/Maybe it ll stop raining Nelle forme negative si usano solo may not (non esiste la forma contratta) o might not (mightn t) May e might possono essere seguiti da be able to We may/might not be able to see Thomas tomorrow Be likely/unlikely to esprime una probabilità più certa rispetto a may/might The rain is likely to stop soon I m unlikelytobe free on Saturday Are you likely to be offered the job?

4 Le forme may/might have e be likely to have + participio passato corrispondono a un futuro anteriore He may/might have arrived by now I m likely to have finished university by next year Le forme may/might be ing e be likely to be ing corrispondono al futuro progressivo They may/might be eating at this time We re likely to be moving house next month

5 Nota: Can non può essere usato per esprimere può darsi che, è possibile che. Osservate il diverso significato delle seguenti frasi Jack can play in our team on Saturday (= può farlo perché è libero da impegni) Jack may play in our team on Saturday (= forse giocherà) Mary can t be in love with that boy (= è impossibile che lo ami) Mary may not be in love with that boy (= può darsi che non lo ami) Be likely to è in genere costruito personalmente. La forma impersonale (It is likely that the rain will stop) èpocousata

6 Exercises Riscrivi le frasi al futuro anteriore I may go to the cinema She might arrive in the afternoon They may not come They might not catch the bus We may not be able to come

7 Exercises Riscrivi le frasi al futuro anteriore I may have gone to the cinema She might have arrived in the afternoon They may not have come They might not have caught the bus We may not have been able to come

8 Exercises Riordina le parole per formare le frasi might/getting/a cold/you/be home/he/gone/have/might? it/they/find/hot/might found out/alice/he/may/have/about be/there/time/may/later

9 Exercises Riordina le parole per formare le frasi You might be getting a cold Might he have gone home? They might find it hot He may have found out about Alice There may be time later

10 2. Shall I/we? I ll Le forme shall I/we? sono usate per proporre di fare qualcosa o per chiedere consiglio. Shall può essere usato nella 1 a persona (singolare e plurale) ed è in genere usato nel linguaggio formale Shall we go to the mountains tomorrow? non Do we go? Where shall we hang this picture? non Where do we hang? What shall we cook tonight? Shall I drive you home? Shall I get you a cup of coffee? Nota: questi usi di shall e will sono generalmente espressi in italiano con il tempo presente. In inglese ciò non è possibile La forma I ll (= I will) è usata per esprimere una decisione presa sul momento in cui si parla, ad esempio quando ci si offre di fare qualcosa. We haven t got any bread - I ll go and get some non Igoand I ll helpyou to do the cleaning

11 Exercises Riscrivi ogni frase utilizzando will o shall insieme al verbo sottolineato How about playing tennis? I promise to be home by midnight I hope to meet you later We promise not to make too much noise Would you like me to help you with those bags?

12 Exercises Riscrivi ogni frase utilizzando will o shall insieme al verbo sottolineato How about playing tennis? Shall we play tennis? I promise to be home by midnight I ll be home by midnight I hope to meet you later I ll meet you later We promise not to make too much noise We won t make too much noise Would you like me to help you with those bags? Shall I help you with those bags?

13 3. Altre forme usate per proporre di fare qualcosa Altre forme usate per proporre di fare qualcosa sono: Let s + forma base del verbo Notate che la question tag corrispondente è shall we La forma negativa è Let s not o Don t let s Let s go for a walk, shall we? Let s not/don t let s invite too many people What/How about? + forma in ing How/what about going to the cinema? Do you feel like? + forma in -ing Do you feel like going for a walk? Why don t we? Why don t we play cards instead?

14 Nota: Let può essere usato anche per acconsentire Let s go to the café Yes, let s Fra i modi usuali per rifiutare notate le forme don t feel like o I d rather (not) = I woud rather What about going to the restaurant? I don t feel like it I don t feel like eating out tonight I d rathernot I d rather stay at home

15 4. Linkers of reason and results As/since he was going too much fast, the police stopped him La causa può essere introdotta dalle congiunzioni as, since, because, o dalla preposizione because of The police stopped him because he was driving dangerously The police stopped him because of his dangerous driving Per esprimere le conseguenze di un fatto di un azione si usano as a result e therefore We stayed to help the old lady. As a result/therefore we missed the train

16 So that e such (a) that esprimono un rapporto tra causa ed effetto. So è usato davanti ad aggettivi o avverbi che non sono seguiti da sostantivo Such (a) è usato davanti a sostantivi preceduti o meno da un aggettivo Such è seguito da a(n) quando precede un sostantivo singolare numerabile So è inoltre usato davanti a much, many, little, few anche se sono seguiti da un sostantivo. So much e so little precedono i sostantivi non numerabili (come time) So many e so few precedono sostantivo numerabili plurali (come books) He was so tired (that) he went straight to bed He had such a tiring day that he went straight to bed He was talking such nonsense that I left the conference hall I ve got so many/such a lot of things to do (that) I don t know where to start How did you manage to spend so much/such a lot of money? So much e so many possono essere sostituti da such a lot of.

17 Exercises Connetti le frasi usando so (that) o such (that) This programme is stupid. I can t understand how people can watch it Yes, there s a lot of rubbish on television these days. The producers should be ashamed of themselves. He spoke in a low voice. We could hardly hear him. There were many people. We couldn t get in. The tenor sang badly. Some of the audience got up and left They serve big portions at that restaurant. We always order one between the two of us

18 Exercises Connetti le frasi usando so (that) o such (that) This programme is so stupid that I can t understand how people can watch it (stupid è aggettivo) Yes, there s such a lot of rubbish on television these days that the producers should be ashamed of themselves. He spoke in such a low voice that we could hardly hear him. (low voice è sostantivo singolare numerabile preceduto da aggettivo) There were so many people that we couldn t get in. (people è sostantivo plurale collettivo) The tenor sang so badly that some of the audience got up and left (badly è avverbio) They serve such big portions at that restaurant that we always order one between the two of us (big portions è sostantivo plurale preceduto da aggettivo)

19 Exercises Scegli l opzione corretta It was such/so a delicious drink, that I had to have another glass Andrew ate so much/so many cakes that he could hardly walk! He has so little/such a little patience! There are so few/so little good programmes on TV that I rarely watch it Ifeltso/so much weak that I couldn t stand up We had so much/so many free time, that we got bored It was so boring/such a boring film that I went to sleep after a quarter of an hour

20 Exercises Scegli l opzione corretta It was such/so a delicious drink, that I had to have another glass Andrew ate so much/so many cakes that he could hardly walk! He has so little/such a little patience! There are so few/so little good programmes on TV that I rarely watch it Ifeltso/so much weak that I couldn t stand up We had so much/so many free time, that we got bored It was so boring/such a boring film that I went to sleep after a quarter of an hour

21 Exercises Completa il dialogo con so o such Customer: I d like to make a complaint. It s this pair of trousers. I ve never seen rubbish in my life. Look at them. They are poor quality that they tear immediately. Assistant: I see what you mean. The fabric is thin it s almost completely transparent! Customer: And of course, the zip is broken. It s a bad zip it didn t even close once. Assistant: That s terrible. I m sorry. I ve never seen bad seams. Customer: You are right. These trousers are terrible you shouldn t sell them Assistant: I quite agree madam. I ll call the manager immediately Customer: And do you think I ll get my money back? I can t believe they cost much Assistant: Oh, I m sure you ll get a refund, these trousers are bad that it s difficult to belive they were even on sale!

22 Exercises Completa il dialogo con so o such Customer: I d like to make a complaint. It s this pair of trousers. I ve never seen such rubbish in my life. Look at them. They are such poor quality that they tear immediately. Assistant: I see what you mean. The fabric is so thin it s almost completely transparent! Customer: And of course, the zip is broken. It s such a bad zip it didn t even close once. Assistant: That s terrible. I m sorry. I ve never seen such bad seams. Customer: You are right. These trousers are so terrible you shouldn t sell them Assistant: I quite agree madam. I ll call the manager immediately Customer: And do you think I ll get my money back? I can t believe they cost so much Assistant: Oh, I m sure you ll get a refund, these trousers are so bad that it s difficult to belive they were even on sale!

23 Per approfondire ed esercitarsi: Lesson & excercises New Inside Grammar pp ; ; ; 346;

24 English Children s Literature

25 Northern Lights Author: Philip Pullman Publication date: July 1995