1) Collision-Coalescence - warmer clouds, liquid water only - different size drops fall at different speeds
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1 Cloud Droplet Growth Processes: 1) Collision-Coalescence - warmer clouds, liquid water only - different size drops fall at different speeds 2) Ice-Crystal Process - colder clouds with both liquid water and ice
2 Clicker Question Set Frequency to "BB" The collision-coalescence process is most efficient when: (A) all the cloud droplets are small (B) all the cloud droplets are large (C) there is a mix of small and large cloud droplets
3 Collision - Coalescence Process (Warm process)
4 Cloud Droplet Growth Processes: 1) Collision-Coalescence - warmer clouds, liquid water only - different size drops fall at different speeds 2) Ice-Crystal Process - colder clouds with both liquid water and ice
5 Tall Cumulonimbus Cloud T=0 C (Freezing level) Liquid Only Surface
6 Tall Cumulonimbus Cloud Ice Only T=-40 C Supercooled Liquid and Ice This region is where Ice-Crystal Process occurs T=0 C (Freezing level) Liquid Only Surface
7 Question: How can liquid water exist below freezing point? - need freezing nuclei for liquid water to freeze into ice crystal if temperature is between 0 and -40 C. - similar idea as cloud condensation nuclei, except the structure of freezing nuclei must be similar to structure of ice crystal ==> As a result, much fewer freezing nuclei in atmosphere compared to number of cloud condensation nuclei
8 In Equilibrium: Condensation = Evaporation Liquid Drop and Water Vapor Ice Crystal and Water Vapor water vapor liquid water ice crystal
9 In Equilibrium: Condensation = Evaporation Liquid Drop and Water Vapor Ice Crystal and Water Vapor More Water Vapor Around Liquid Drop Less Water Vapor Around Ice Crystal water vapor liquid water ice crystal
10 Now, put Liquid Drop and Ice Crystal Together Liquid Drop and Water Vapor Ice Crystal and Water Vapor More Water Vapor Around Liquid Drop Less Water Vapor Around Ice Crystal water vapor liquid water ice crystal
11 water vapor liquid water ice crystal Now, put Liquid Drop and Ice Crystal Together
12 Now, put Liquid Drop and Ice Crystal Together Now more water vapor around Ice Crystal => Vapor condenses on Ice water vapor liquid water ice crystal
13 Now, put Liquid Drop and Ice Crystal Together Now more water vapor around Ice Crystal => Vapor condenses on Ice water vapor liquid water ice crystal
14 Now, put Liquid Drop and Ice Crystal Together Now more water vapor around Ice Crystal => Vapor condenses on Ice As water vapor decreases => Liquid water evaporates from drops water vapor liquid water ice crystal
15 Now, put Liquid Drop and Ice Crystal Together Now more water vapor around Ice Crystal => Vapor condenses on Ice As water vapor decreases => Liquid water evaporates from drops water vapor liquid water ice crystal => Ice Crystal Grows => Liquid Drop Shrinks
16 Ice Crystal Process (also referred to as Bergeron Process)
17
18
19 Sleet - rain refreezes before hitting surface - deeper cold layer near surface
20
21 Sleet
22 Sleet - rain refreezes before hitting surface - deeper cold layer near surface Freezing Rain - rain refreezes on contact with surface - shallow cold layer near surface
23 Freezing Rain
24 Freezing Rain
25 Freezing Salt Water Spray?
26 Rime: Fog droplets freeze on contact
27 Clicker Question Set Frequency to "BB" Red line = Temperature Green line = Dew Point Temperature
28 Clicker Question Set Frequency to "BB" Red line = Temperature Green line = Dew Point Temperature At what altitude would you expect clouds? (A) 2-4 km (B) 4-6 km (C) 6-8 km (D) 8-10 km
29 Clicker Question Set Frequency to "BB" Red line = Temperature Green line = Dew Point Temperature At what altitude would you expect clouds? cloud (A) 2-4 km (B) 4-6 km (C) 6-8 km (D) 8-10 km
30 Clicker Question Set Frequency to "BB" Red line = Temperature Green line = Dew Point Temperature What would the cloud consist of? (A) liquid drops only cloud (B) ice crystals only (C) both liquid drops and ice crystals
31 Clicker Question Set Frequency to "BB" Red line = Temperature Green line = Dew Point Temperature What would the cloud consist of? (A) liquid drops only cloud (B) ice crystals only (C) both liquid drops and ice crystals
32 Clicker Question Set Frequency to "BB" Red line = Temperature Green line = Dew Point Temperature Precipitation reaching the surface would be: cloud (A) rain (liquid only) (B) freezing rain (C) sleet (D) snow
33 Clicker Question Set Frequency to "BB" Red line = Temperature Green line = Dew Point Temperature Precipitation reaching the surface would be: cloud (A) rain (liquid only) (B) freezing rain (C) sleet (D) snow
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