World total Energy Supply
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1 BIOMASS
2 World total Energy Supply
3 Global Warming
4 What is a Biofuel Solid biomass and animal products Gas/Liquids from Biomass Municipal waste Industrial waste Agricultural waste Dedicated energy plants
5 Biomass utilisation Forest industry sector (Black liquor+other biomass) District heating sector in Sweden, (25 TWh times increase since 1990) Single family houses (Wood logs) Biogas
6 Black Liquor Gasification
7 Content Black Liquor Recovery boilers Gasification of Black Liquor Black Liquor as Automotive fuel Ongoing research at LTU
8 Black Liquor in perspective Product Grain 1350 Iron/Steel 810 Salt 120 Milk 419 Potatoes 220 Black Liquor 150 Sugar 50 Mton/year Fuel Mtons/year Oil 3800 Coal 2200 Gas 1850 Gasoline 1000 Black Liquor 150
9 Black Liquor in the Chemical world Constituents of Sodium NaOH,, Na 2 S, Na 2 CO 3, Na 2 SO 4 Typical Elementary Analysis C 39% H 4% O 34% Na 19% S 4%
10 Where does black liquor come from? Black liquor is produced in the pulping process White liquor is used as cooking liquid. Organic material is dissolved into the white liquor to produce black liquor Important to recover the black liquor because there are no other utilisation areas of interest
11 Content Black Liquor Recovery boilers Gasification of Black Liquor Black Liquor as Automotive fuel Ongoing research at LTU
12 Recovery Boilers Wood chips Steam Turbine Digester White Liquor Black Liquor Recovery Boiler Steam Pulp Green Liquor Caustizisation
13 Content Black Liquor Recovery boilers Gasification of Black Liquor Black Liquor as Automotive fuel Ongoing research at LTU
14 Gasification of Black Liquor GASIFIER Black Liquor Steam Turbine Flue gases Steam Green Liquor Gas Turbine Steam generator Exhaust gases
15 Estimated Black Liquor Production Black Liquor as Dry Solids (Mton) South America Oceania North America Europe Asia Africa World ~ 600 TWh Sweden 39 TWh South America 44 TWh North America 350 TWh Europe 120 TWh Approx. Energy Content, LHV (EJ) ASIA Japan 80 TWh 50 TWh
16 Electric Power Potential from Gasification Electricity Generated (TWh) Max potential BLGCC Max Potential BLGCC Max potential for new Recovery boilers Max Potential New Recovery Boilers Current Recovery Boilers Existing Recovery boilers
17 Benefits from BL gasification Increased electricity supply: : 1000 MW Approximately 600 Recovery Boilers in the world today: Investment in order of 1 billion SEK
18 Content Black Liquor Recovery boilers Gasification of Black Liquor Black Liquor as Automotive fuel Ongoing research at LTU
19 Black Liquor as Automotive Fuel GASIFIER Black Liquor Flue gases Chemical Synthesis Steam Turbine Automotive Fuels H2, DME, Methanol Steam Green Liquor Gas Turbine Steam generator Exhaust gases
20 Schematic of a methanol/dme production plant Air/oxygen District heating Methanol/ DME Biofuel Drying Gasifying Gas cooler and cleaner CO 2 shift Methanol synthesis Distillation
21 Black Liquor as Automotive fuel 20 TWh DME Black Liquor Energy 39 TWh 20 TWh Methanol 24 TWh Hydrogen 20 TWh corresponds to 25% to Sweden s demand of automotive fuels year 2000
22 Content Black Liquor Recovery boilers Gasification of Black Liquor Black Liquor as Automotive fuel Research at LTU
23 Research at LTU Eight subprojects in cooperation with ETC, Umeå,, Chalmers and LTU DP1 under construction in Piteå
24 The Chemrec-process Flow entrained reactor High temperature gasification
25 The Quench Gas from reactor Gas to CCC Cooling ring Primary quench Water Secondary quench ("bubble bath") Condensate Weak wash Green liquor
26 CFD Simulations Inlet Inlet Outlet Outlet Green Liquor Green Liquor
27 CFD Simulations Inlet Inlet Green liquor
28 CFD Simulations Inlet Inlet Outlet
29 CFD Simulations Inlet Inlet Outlet Green Liquor Outlet Green Liquor Particle size 3 mm Particle size 10 µm
30 Forecast Sweden Energy supply 2050 TWh/year d Spillvärme Vätgas Solenergi Vindkraft Biobränsle Olja/Kol Gas Kärnkraft Vattenkraft År 1995 År Mt C År Mt C
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