Contents. Introduction 1. What is a microcontroller? 2. What is Arduino? 3. Different types of Arduinos.

Transcription

1 Arduino course 2015

2 Introduction 1. What is a microcontroller? 2. What is Arduino? 3. Different types of Arduinos. Contents The physical side of Arduino 1. Electrical components 2. Schematics and circuitry Coding structure and examples 1. Data types and operators. 2. What is a Function? 3. Control statements [if, if else, switch case.]. 4. Loop statements[while, for, do while.]. 5. Common functions.

3 A microcontroller is the brain of an electronic device Introduction

4 The internals Introduction

5 The internals Introduction

6 The internals Introduction

7 Known manufacturers Atmel Analog Devices Dallas Semiconductor Intel Microchip Technology National Semiconductor STMicroelectronics Texas Instruments Xilinx Introduction

8 Known manufacturers Introduction Atmel ATtiny ATmega ATxmega

9 Known manufacturers Introduction Atmel ATtiny ATmega ATxmega

10 ATmega 328 Introduction

11 Arduino Uno r3 Microcontroller Operating Voltage Input Voltage (recommended) ATmega328P 5V 7-12V Input Voltage (limit) 6-20V Digital I/O Pins PWM Digital I/O Pins 6 Analog Input Pins 6 DC Current per I/O Pin DC Current for 3.3V Pin Flash Memory SRAM EEPROM Clock Speed 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output) 20 ma 50 ma 32 KB (ATmega328P) of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader 2 KB (ATmega328P) 1 KB (ATmega328P) 16 MHz Introduction

12 Arduino Uno r3 Introduction

13 Digital or Analog? All physical quantities are analog. Analog means that the quantity can take any value between its minimum value and maximum value. Digital means that the quantity can take specific levels of values with specific offset between each other. The physical side of Arduino Ex: 1- Digital: English alpha consists of 26 letter, there is no letter between A and B. - Square waves are Digital. Ex.: 2- Analog: Temperature, can take any value[-1,12.8,25.002, etc.]. - Sine waves are analog.

14 The physical side of Arduino

15 Electronic components Passives Resistors

16 Electronic components Passives Resistors

17 Electronic components Passives Capacitors

18 Electronic components Passives Inductors

19 Electronic components Actives Diodes

20 Electronic components Actives Transistors

21 What you will find on an Arduino board Schematics

22 Coding

23 Workflow: Open the IDE. Write code and logic. Click the verify/compile button to check your program for errors. Connect the Arduino via USB to the PC. Install drivers (on the first time). Setup serial port that s being used. Setup the board which we need to program. Click upload to send the code to arduino. Coding

24 Integer: used with integer variables with value between and Ex: int x=1200; Character: used with single character, represent value from -127 to 128. Ex. char c= r ; Long: Long variables are extended size variables for number storage, and store 32 bits (4 bytes), from - 2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647. Ex. long u=199203; Floating-point numbers can be as large as E+38 and as low as E+38. They are stored as 32 bits (4 bytes) of information. Ex. float num=1.291; [The same as double type] Data Types and operators

25 Statement represents a command, it ends with ; Ex: int x; x=13; Operators are symbols that used to indicate a specific function: - Math operators: [+,-,*,/,%,^] - Logic operators: [==,!=, &&, ] - Comparison operators: [==, >, <,!=, <=, >=] Syntax: ; Semicolon, {} curly braces, //single line comment, /*Multi-line comments*/ Statements and operators

26 Compound Operators: ++ (increment) -- (decrement) += (compound addition) -= (compound subtraction) *= (compound multiplication) /= (compound division) Statements and operators

27 If Conditioning: if(condition) { statements-1; Statement-N; } else if(condition2) { Statements; } Else{statements;} Control statements

28 Switch case: switch (var) { case 1: //do something when var equals 1 break; case 2: //do something when var equals 2 break; default: // if nothing else matches, do the default // default is optional } Control statements

29 Do while: do { Statements; } while(condition); // the statements are run at least once. While: While(condition) {statements;} for for (int i=0; i <= val; i++){ statements; } Loop statements

30 Void setup(){} Used to indicate the initial values of system on starting. Void loop(){} Contains the statements that will run whenever the system is powered after setup. Code structure

31 Led blinking example: Used functions: pinmode(); digitalread(); digitalwrite(); delay(time_ms); other functions: analogread(); analogwrite();//pwm. Input and output

32 First, tell Arduino what it is: Declare pins as input or output Set global variables To sum it up Then tell it what to do: Read inputs Do calculations Set outputs This is done continuously, in a loop

33 * Configuration: First, tell Arduino what it is */ void setup() { // initialize the digital pin as an output. // Pin 13 has an LED connected on most Arduino boards: pinmode(13, OUTPUT); } /* Then loop: Tell Arduino what to do */ void loop() { digitalwrite(13, HIGH); delay(1000); digitalwrite(13, LOW); delay(1000); } // set the LED on // wait for a second // set the LED off // wait for a second The program (blinking the LED)

34 Type your code into the text window Push the upload button Check if the TX and RX LEDs are blinking rapidly If the Done uploading message displays Arduino is ready Compiling and uploading the code

35 * Configuration: First, tell Arduino what it is */ void setup() { // initialize the digital pin as an output. // Pin 13 has an LED connected on most Arduino boards: pinmode(13, OUTPUT); } /* Then loop: Tell Arduino what to do */ void loop() { digitalwrite(13, HIGH); delay(1000); digitalwrite(13, LOW); delay(1000); } // set the LED on // wait for a second // set the LED off // wait for a second The program (blinking the LED)

36 As long as you hold on the button the LED is lit up When you hold the button the LED is flashing After pressing the button the LED starts flashing and stops when you press the button again When you press the button the frequency at which the LED is blinking will change The LED is constantly blinking The frequencies are 2, 4 and 8 times per second Each time you press the button the frequency changes between those values Blinking the LED with a button

37 void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); } Reading data via the Serial interface void serialtest() { int i; for(i=0; i<10; i++) Serial.println(i); }

38 On a standard Arduino board, two pins can be used as interrupts: pins 2 and 3. The interrupt is enabled through the following line: attachinterrupt(interrupt pin, function, mode) Interrupts Modes: LOW CHANGE RISING FALLING

39 int led = 13; volatile int state = LOW; void setup() { pinmode(led, OUTPUT); attachinterrupt(1, blink, CHANGE); } Interrupt example void loop() { digitalwrite(led, state); } void blink() { state =!state; }

40 tel