Tuesday, Oct 8: Notes/ Study Guide WS

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1 Tuesday, Oct 8: Notes/ Study Guide WS Name: Date: Pd: Biology Sec & 22.5 Outline Sec KEY CONCEPTS Plants can produce genetic clones of themselves through asexual reproduction. Plants can reproduce asexually with stems, leaves, or roots. reproduction allows a plant to make copies of itself. is one type of asexual reproduction. plants grow a new individual from of parent occurs when piece of a,, or falls off parent plant reproduction is another type of asexual reproduction. stems, leaves, or roots attached to plant produce new individuals specific adaptations include,, and Humans can produce plants with desirable traits using vegetative structures. Vegetative takes advantage of plants ability to reproduce asexually. Holt McDougal Biology 1 Plant Growth, Reproduction, and Response

2 Humans use one plant with desirable to produce many individuals. cutting of or may grow new roots joins the parts of two plants together to form a hybrid plant Sec KEY CONCEPTS Plant hormones guide plant growth and development. Plant hormones regulate plant functions. are chemical messengers. produced in one part of an organism or activity in another part Gibberellins are plant hormones that produce dramatic increases in. ending seed rapid of young seedlings rapid growth of some flower Ethylene causes the of fruits. some fruits picked they are ripe with ethylene to ripen when reach destination Cytokinins stimulate. stage in cell division produced in growing roots, seeds, and fruits involved in growth of branches Holt McDougal Biology 2 Plant Growth, Reproduction, and Response

3 Auxins lengthen plant cells in the. stimulates growth of stem controls some forms of A tropism is the movement of plant in response to an environmental. Plants can respond to light, touch, gravity, and seasonal changes. Phototropism is the tendency of a plant to grow toward. build up on shaded side of stem cells on side lengthen causes stem to toward light Thigmotropism is a plant s response to stimuli. plants and vines plants that grow in direction of constant Gravitropism is a plant s response to Earth s pull. gravitropism is downward growth (roots) gravitropism is upward growth (shoots) Some plants have rapid not involving growth. Some responses plants from predators. Holt McDougal Biology 3 Plant Growth, Reproduction, and Response

4 Some responses allow plants to food. Photoperiodism is a response to the changing of and triggers some plants to triggers fall /winter of deciduous trees Holt McDougal Biology 4 Plant Growth, Reproduction, and Response

5 Section 22.4: Asexual Reproduction Study Guide KEY CONCEPT Plants can produce genetic clones of themselves through asexual reproduction. VOCABULARY regeneration vegetative reproduction MAIN IDEA: Plants can reproduce asexually with stems, leaves, or roots. Fill in the blank with the word that best completes the sentence. 1. In reproduction, a plant produces a genetic copy of itself. 2. In reproduction, genetic diversity allows plant populations to adapt to changing conditions. 3. Two types of asexual reproduction are and. 4. A cactus pad that falls to the ground and grows into a new cactus plant is an example of. 5. A tree that grows from the root of its parent tree is an example of. Holt McDougal Biology 5 Plant Growth, Reproduction, and Response

6 continued Fill in the chart with the names of structures adapted for vegetative reproduction. Structure Description How It Works Example 6. Horizontal stems above the ground Points on the stem produce roots and leaves of a new plant. strawberries 7. Horizontal stems underground Buds in stem joints grow into new plants. irises 8. Underground stem modified for storage Buds called eyes grow into new plants. potatoes 9. Underground stem surrounded by modified leaves that are adapted for storage Bulbs grow into a new plant. daffodils MAIN IDEA: Humans can produce plants with desirable traits using vegetative structures. Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. 10. A stem that is placed in water or soil so it can produce roots is called a. 11. Attaching a stem from one tree onto the trunk of another tree is called. Vocabulary Check Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. 12. The prefix re- means again; anew and the word generate means to bring into being. When these word parts are combined, they form the word. 13. One definition of vegetative is relating to processes such as growth and nutrition rather than sexual reproduction. A type of asexual reproduction that includes this word is. Holt McDougal Biology 6 Plant Growth, Reproduction, and Response

7 Section 22.5: Plant Hormones and Responses Study Guide KEY CONCEPT Plant hormones guide plant growth and development. VOCABULARY hormone auxin gravitropism gibberellin tropism photoperiodism ethylene phototropism cytokinin thigmotropism MAIN IDEA: Plant hormones regulate plant functions. Fill in the blank with the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. 1. A chemical messenger formed in one part of an organism that stimulates or suppresses cell activity in another part of the organism is called a(n). 2. Plant hormones are sometimes released in response to changes and sometimes in response to internal changes in the plant. Complete the chart below by filling in the blanks with the names of the four main groups of plant hormones. Plant Hormone Controls processes involved in 3. ending seed dormancy starting germination promoting rapid growth of new seedlings 4. the ripening of fruits 5. the final stage of cell division the growth of roots and side branches the development of seeds and fruits slowing the aging of leaves and other plant organs 6. lengthening of cells in the growing tip of a plant preventing growth of new branches tropisms Holt McDougal Biology 7 Plant Growth, Reproduction, and Response Section 5: Plant Hormones and Responses

8 continued MAIN IDEA: Plants can respond to light, touch, gravity, and seasonal changes. Fill in the blank with the correct term from the box. phototropism thigmotropism gravitropism rapid response 7. growth in response to being touched 8. response to being touched not involving growth 9. growth in response to gravity 10. response to changing lengths of day and night 11. growth in response to light Vocabulary Check photoperiodism Fill in the blank with the word that best completes the sentence. 12. The prefix photo- refers to light. The two kinds of plant responses that have to do with light are and. In the space provided below, illustrate the process of phototropism as it occurs at the cellular level. Use Figure 5.3 as a reference. Label areas of high auxin concentration. Holt McDougal Biology 8 Plant Growth, Reproduction, and Response Section 5: Plant Hormones and Responses