Molecular Weight and Atomic Weight
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1 Molecular Weight and Atomic Weight Na Cl Molecular Weight or Molar Mass
2 Take-Home Calculations Molecular Weight atomic weights Mole Weight / Molecular Weight Number of atoms or molecules Mole x Avogadro s number (6.022 x 10 2 ) Mass of one atom grams of an element / X 10 2
3 Molar Mass or Molecular Weight Molar mass mass in grams numerically equal to the atomic weight of the element in grams. Molar mass or Molecular weight of NaCl amu amu atomic mass unit
4 Molar Mass How do we calculate the molar mass of a compound? add atomic weights of each atom The molar mass of propane, C H 8, is: C amu 6.0 amu 8 H amu 8.08 amu Molar mass amu
5 Molar Mass Calculate the molar mass of Ca(N ) 2? 1 Ca amu amu 2 N amu amu amu amu Molar mass amu
6 The Mole A number of atoms, ions, or molecules that is large enough to see and handle. A mole number of things Just like a dozen 12 things ne mole x 10 2 things Avogadro s number (N A ) x 10 2
7 The number of moles How many moles of Mg atoms are present in 7.4 g of Mg?? molmg 7.4 g Mg.02 molmg 1molMg atoms 24.0g Mg
8 The Mole ne Mole of Cl 2 Contains Cl 2 or g contains x 10 2 Cl 2 molecules 2(6.022 x 10 2 ) Cl atoms ne Mole of C H 8 Contains C H 8 or g contains x 10 2 C H 8 molecules (6.022 x 10 2 ) C atoms 8 (6.022 x 10 2 ) H atoms
9 The mass of a single atom Calculate the mass of a single Mg atom, in grams, to significant figures.? g Mg 1 Mg atom 1 mol Mg atoms Mg atoms 24.0 gmg 1 mol Mg atoms g Mg
10 The number of atoms How many atoms are contained in 1.67 moles of Mg?? Mg atoms 1.67 mol Mg 1 mol Mg atoms Mg atoms Mg
11 The number of molecules Calculate the number of C H 8 molecules in 74.6 g of propane.? C H 8 molecules 74.6 g C 2 1mole C H C H molecules g C H g CH molecules H 8
12 The number of atoms Calculate the number of atoms in 26.5 g of Li 2 C.? atoms 26.5 g form.units 1 mol Li C 2 Li Li 2 C C 2 1 mol Li2C 7.8 g Li C atoms 1 formula unit Li atoms 2 2 C
13 Percent Composition and Formulas of Compounds % composition mass of an individual element in a compound divided by the total mass of the compound x 100% Determine the percent composition of C in C H 8. % C mass C mass C H g g 81.68% 8 100% 100%
14 Percent Composition and Formulas of Compounds What is the percent composition of H in C H 8? % H 18.2% or mass H mass C H 8 H C H g g 100% 8 100% 100% 81.68% 100% 18.2 %
15 Percent Composition and Formulas of Compounds Calculate the percent composition of Fe 2 (S 4 ) to significant figures %Fe 2 Fe Fe (S 2 4 % S S Fe (S 2 4 % 12 Fe (S 2 Total ) ) ) 4 100% g 100% 27.9%Fe 99.9g 100% 2.1g 100% 24.1% S 99.9g 100% g 100% 48.0% 99.9g 100%
16 Derivation of Formulas from Elemental Composition Empirical Formula - smallest whole-number ratio of atoms present in a compound CH 2 is the empirical formula for alkenes (CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 ) Molecular Formula - actual numbers of atoms of each element present in a molecule of the compound Ethene CH 2 CH 2 is C 2 H 4 Pentene CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 is C 5 H 10 percent composition is determined experimentally
17 Derivation of Formulas from Elemental Composition A compound contains 24.74% K, 4.76% Mn, and 40.50% by mass. What is its empirical formula? Make the simplifying assumption that we have g of compound. In g of compound there are: g of K 4.76 g of Mn g of
18 Derivation of Formulas from Elemental Composition 4 KMn is formula chemical the thus for Mn Mn for K K for ratio number whole smallest obtain mol 2.51 g mol g mol? Mn mol Mn g Mn mol 1 Mn g 4.76 Mn mol? K mol K g 9.10 K mol 1 K g K mol?
19 Derivation of Formulas from Elemental Composition A sample of a compound contains 6.541g of Co and 2.68g of. What is the empirical formula for this compound?? mol Co g Co? mol 2.68 g 1 mol Co 58.9 gco 1mol g mol mol Co find smallest whole number ratio
20 Derivation of Formulas from Elemental Composition A sample of a compound contains 6.541g of Co and 2.68g of. What is the empirical formula for this compound? for Co multipy both by 1 Co Thus the 1 Co to turn Co 1. compound' for fraction to whole s formula 4 is : 1. number Co 4
21 Purity of Samples The percent purity of a sample of a substance is always represented as mass of pure substance % purity 100% mass of sample mass of sample includes impurities
22 Purity of Samples A bottle of sodium phosphate, Na P 4, is 98.% pure Na P 4. What are the masses of Na P 4 and impurities in g of this sample of Na P 4?? g Na P unit factor g Na P g sample 98. g Na P g sample g sample 246 g Na P? g impurities g sample g Na 4.00 g impurities 4 4 P 4 4
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