Construction of Large-scaled Bridge Projects in Recent Hong Kong
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1 Construction of Large-scaled Bridge Projects in Recent Hong Kong
2 Introduction Accompanying with the construction of the new Hong Kong International Airport at Chek Lap Kok which commenced in 1994, a series of long span and very large-sized bridges have been constructed as part of the airport, railway and highway strategic development projects in Hong Kong.
3 Airport Core Projects Tsing Ma and the Kap Shui Mun Bridges provide an important link between the New Hong Kong Airport with the downtown city
4 Bridges constructed as part of the Airport Core Projects Bridges involved in the Airport Core Projects (ACPs) comprise of 2 rough categories, one is of elevated nature with span ranging from 35m up to approx. 90m, constructed mainly in prefabricated manner in the form of viaduct or other in-situ methods, such as those for the West Kowloon Expressway and the North Lantau Expressway. The other is of long span nature with span ranging from 430m up to 1377m in the form of cable-stayed or cable suspension bridges. Many of these bridges in the ACPs are double-decked with railway in the inner section.
5 Highway systems under the Highway Strategic Plan 2000 (with major bridges encircled)
6 Bridges constructed as part of the Highway or Railway Strategic Development Projects Bridges constructed as part of the highway or railway strategic development projects are mainly in the form of viaduct with averaged span around 30m to 40m, such as those for the Route 3, Tsing Yi North Coastal Road and the West Rail. One most spectacular long-span highway bridge project that built in the recent years is the Ting Kau Bridge. It is a 3-span cable-stayed bridge with averaged span around 460m. It forms part of the 35km Route 3 system of Hong Kong.
7 West Rail Major Railway projects soon to be opened (with major bridges encircled) East Rail - Ma On Shan Extension
8 A review of the recent long-span bridges construction of the Tsing Ma Bridge
9 The 1377m span Tsing Ma Bridge
10 Lantau Link comprising of 1. Tsing Ma Bridge 2. Ma Wan Viaduct 3. Kap Shui Mun Bridge 4. Various sections of bridge concourse and approaches
11 Construction of the bridge approach on the Tsing Yi Island side
12 Completing the deck of Tsing Ma Bridge (abutting section at Tsing Yi side) by erecting of the steel truss at spot
13 Forming the deck of the approach section of Tsing Ma Bridge on Ma Wan side using erection and hoisting approach
14 Foundation for the bridge towers of the Tsing Ma Bridge
15 Forming the bridge anchor (on the Tsing Yi Island side)
16 Forming the bridge anchor (on the Ma Wan Island side)
17 Connection the suspension cable to the bridge anchor
18 Forming the main cable
19 Hoisting and erecting of the modulated bridge deck
20 A review of the recent long-span bridges construction of the Kap Shui Mun Bridge
21 The 430m Kap Shui Mun Bridge
22 Construction of the Bridge Tower
23 Erecting the deck module
24 Connecting the deck modules
25 The approach of Kap Shui Mun Bridge on the Lantau side
26 Construction of the approach section on Lantau side using incremental launching method
27 A review of the recent long-span bridges construction of the Ting Kau Bridge
28 Overview of the Ting Kau Bridge
29 The foundation of the bridge tower of Ting Kau Bridge on Tsing Yi side
30 Anchor head for the fixing of the stay cables
31 Fixing of the bridge deck using balanced-cantilever approach
32 Fixing of the deck girder frame and the deck topping using precast plank
33 The approach section of Ting Kau Bridge on Ting Kau side
34 Detail configuration of the bridge approach
35 Forming the deck of the approach section using a balanced-cantilever traveling formwork
36 Connecting the cable stay section to the bridge approach on Ting Kau side
37 A review of other highway and railway bridges construction of elevation expressway
38 West Kowloon Expressway and the Route 3 at Kwai Chung section
39 Route 3 at Kwai Chung constructed close to servicing railway and highway traffic using precast V-beams
40 Lifting of the V-beams onto the portal frame using a launching gantry
41 Laying of precast beams
42 Securing the V-beams on the portal by anchor and the forming of the deck with a RC topping
43 elevated roadway constructed in the form of viaduct
44 Route 3 Kwai Chung Section
45 Route 3 Country Park Section at Au Tau Interchange
46 Hung Hom Bypass
47 Tsing Yi North Coastal Roadway
48 Highway project in Ma On Shan
49 Launching gantry used in the Hung Hom Bypass
50 Launching gantry used in Route 3 at Au Tau Interchange
51 Launching gantry used in Tsing Yi North Coastal Roadway
52 Launching gantry used in the Ma On Shan highway project (T7)
53 Launching Gantry used in the Route 3 Kwai Chung section
54 A review of other highway and railway bridges construction of the viaduct systems for the West Rail projects
55 Viaduct for railway track of the Kowloon Canton Railway West Rail at the northwestern part of the New Territory, Hong Kong
56 Some sections of viaduct spanning more than 40m at Au Tau Interchange
57 Forming the viaduct for railway track using the underslung girder and longitudinal beam supported method
58 Erection of the viaduct using balanced cantilever arrangement with temporary anchor before completion of a span
59 Precast box girders used for the viaduct
60 A section of viaduct with provision for an extension to the future northern link
61 Construction of some sections of elevated railway track using in-situ method
62 Constructing the linking bridge between Tung Chung and Chek lap Kok (the Airport Railway) using Incremental Launching method
63 Trends in the Construction of Bridges in HK Construction of large and long-span bridges is of no doubt a part of the major infrastructure development for a city, which is, again, a reflection of the economical climate and development strategy of the area. On the construction side, the limited land reserve in Hong Kong does imposes stringent conditions especially where the options and cost effectiveness of constructing a bridge is concerned. To cope with these considerations, a few world-class bridges over 1000m span are yet scheduled for completion in the coming decade, in view of keeping Hong Kong to be competitive in particular within the highly economic-active region in the southern part of China. The construction of these bridges is, without much choice, in the form of either cable-stayed or suspension bridges.
64 The construction of other medium to short-span bridges are becoming much popular recently as part of the highway improvement strategy in Hong Kong. The shortage of space for highway improvement works, the involvement of complicated interchanging provisions, the familiarization of bridge construction techniques in catering various local constraints with acceptable cost, are factors that made bridges of this type becoming popular. Some inherited difficulties such as the requirement of large amount of working spaces for the forming, transporting and storing of the roomy precast elements; the operation of the launching works, or arrangement for traffic diversion within existing busy roadway, still makes roadwork under urban environments complicated and costly. Needless to mention working in environmental sensitive locations such as where protection to natural habitats or rural culture is required; or where waste, noise and dust problems are of ultimate concern.
65 The cost for constructing bridges are unavoidably high in particular working within congested and complicated urban environment like Hong Kong. As a tradition, bridges and elevated highway structures in Hong Kong are mainly constructed in concrete. As a cost saving option, steel bridge, say, in hollow section, box-girder or any other feasible design, may be alternative choices for highway bridges, like those commonly used in Mainland China or Japan. The saving in initial cost and construction time of using such alternatives may provide surplus capitals and expedite the ongoing infrastructure projects, this is essential especially in the forthcoming years when the economic situation is expected to be less favourable than before.
66 The end of the presentation and thanks
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