Develop your own carbon assessment

Transcription

1 Develop your own carbon assessment Cliff Bassett Briar Associates Briar Associates Chartered Engineers Energy & Building Services

2 Significant element of operating costs Energy prices are rising: Dependence on fossil fuels Depleting resource Cost of pollution (Climate Change) Cost reduction Effective energy procurement Reducing energy waste

3 Typical energy prices: Natural gas: LPG: Oil: Electricity (night): Electricity (day): 3 p/kwh 6 p/kwh 6 p/kwh 6 p/kwh 10 p/kwh

4 CO 2 emissions per unit of energy (kg/kwh): Gas LPG Oil Coal Electricity

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6 Year 2011 Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Electricity Gas Total Metric Day kwh Night kwh Total kwh Cost, 100 ft3 kwh Cost, kwh Cost, kwh/m2

7 Fuel Units Electricity - kwh Conversion to kwh (multiply units by) Gas ft Gas 100 ft Gas m Gas oil litres LPG - litres 7.08 LPG - kg Aim to convert all units to a common currency usually kwh

8 Monthly bar chart Sudden changes Seasonal variations Longer term trends Summer gas base load Electricity night units Out of hours kw base load

9 Power describes the rate at which an appliance uses electricity or gas etc. Energy describes the amount of electricity used in a given period (the basis of billing) Power measured in Watts: 1,000 Watts = 1 kilowatt kw Energy = Power x Time Energy measured in kwh

10 Night units recorded over 7 hours per day Circa 30 x 7 = 210 hours/month Monthly night units (kwh)/210 = overnight load (kw) 1 kw overnight load = 500+/year (assuming also there during other out of hours times)

11 Half hourly consumption data 00 profile: complete, free day +1 access profiles: available at next contract renewal (within 45 days) Low cost pseudo smart meters

12 Profile type Meter/timeswitch details Line loss factor/ distribution use of system identifier S Distributor identifier Unique ref. number

13 00:00 04:30 09:00 13:30 18:00 22:30 03:00 07:30 12:00 16:30 21:00 01:30 06:00 10:30 15:00 19:30 00:00 04:30 09:00 13:30 18:00 22:30 03:00 07:30 12:00 16:30 21:00 01:30 06:00 10:30 15:00 19:30 00:00 04:30 09:00 13:30 18:00 22:30 Maximum Demand ACME Pressings Ltd Typical Week (Mon - Sun)

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15 A walk around your premises to: Assess what uses energy Assess when energy is used Identify areas for savings Common sense practical ideas Open minded, creative Attention to detail

16 At different times of day and year as energy use changes. For example: at lunchtime at night or during weekends when the cleaners are on duty beginning and end of heating season when clocks change

17 Technical fixes Working practices

18 22% 20% 47% Space heating Water heating Fans and pumps Lighting Other 5% 6%

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20 Turn heating off (or set-back) during unoccupied periods Reduction by 1 hour can save 8-10% Need operating (heating) hours to be defined.

21 Time switches Door interlocks Run-back timers Presence detection control Optimum start/stop

22 Optimum start Varies start time depending on weather Programmed start time is start of occupancy Must NOT build in pre-heat period Sensors positions are critical Monitoring important Need to know which type of control is being used when setting times

23 Temperature control Reduction by 1 o C can save 8-10% Manage expectations Recommended temperatures Offices C Workshops 16 C Stores 15 C

24 Ensuring sufficient control discrimination to allow areas of differing time/temperature requirements to be operated independently

25 Generally bad news: Expensive High carbon Liable to abuse Impact on central system controls PAT implications Local electric heating may be appropriate if it allows rest of area/building not to be heated Responsive good Effective automatic control is essential

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27 Insulate boilers, pipes and valves Keep doors and windows closed Ensure draught-proofing is maintained Loft insulation Turn off local extract fans when not required or automate

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29 Turn off lights when not required Label light switches Remove tubes if areas are over-lit

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31 Pull cord switches Presence detectors PIR or microwave Photocell control Compact fluorescent or LED lamps to replace tungsten halogen 31

32 Efficacy (lumens per watt) SOX SON Metal Halide Triphosphor (HF) LED Induction Fluorescent CFL Mercury Tungsten Halogen Tungsten

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34 Lux levels Offices lux Corridors and toilets lux Controllabilty Light output ratio (LOR) of fitting Ballast type mains frequency or high frequency (c20% saving) retrofit conversion may be possible

35 Mains frequency: flicker on start up starter cylinder strobing on phone camera High frequency: instant start no starter cylinder no strobing on phone camera

36 Tungsten 1,000h Tungsten halogen 2,000h Tungsten halogen ES 4,000h Fluorescent 8,000h H F fluorescent 12,000h Discharge lights 15,000h+ Induction 50,000h LED 50,000h

37 Define objective Correct control strategy Time switch (possibly solar dial) Presence Photocell Maintenance/QA

38 Please complete each part of the Action Plan, identifying which measures you would wish to look at further Use your own data to estimate your saving potential

39 Thank you. Any questions? Briar Associates Chartered Engineers Energy & Building Services