S2 Science. Cells, DNA and Microbes. Summary Booklet. Class. Name
|
|
- Damian Nash
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 S2 Science Cells, DNA and Microbes Summary Booklet Name Class
2
3 Cells All living things are made of cells. Cells are too small to see with the naked eye. A microscope is needed to magnify cells, so they can be seen. Parts of a microscope Eyepiece lens High power objective lens Limb Focus knob Nosepiece Low power objective lens Stage clips Stage Light source Foot Part Eyepiece lens Limb Focus knob Nosepiece Stage Stage clips Light source Foot Objective lens Function (the job it does) Look through this to see the slide The arm used for carrying the microscope Is turned to bring the slide into focus, so you can see it clearly Turns around to select the correct objective lens Where the slide is placed Holds the slide in place A mirror or light bulb that shines light up through the slide The base on which the microscope stands The lens next to the slide that can be changed to alter the magnification
4 Calculating Total Magnification of a Microscope The magnification of an eyepiece lens is usually x 10, so it makes everything below it appear 10 times bigger. The magnification of the objective lens changes depending on which (low, medium or high power) you choose to use. The objective lens is below the eyepiece lens, so the TOTAL magnification is calculated by: Total = Eyepiece x Objective magnification magnification magnification e.g. = x10 x x4 = x40 Making a microscope slide Living material must be very thin to allow light to pass through it. A stain (e.g. iodine) is often used to make the cell structures easier to see. 1. Carefully spread the sample of cells thinly in the centre of the slide. Make sure the tissue is not folded. 2. Add a drop of stain (e.g. iodine) to the sample so you can see the structures more clearly. 3. Carefully lower a cover slip over the sample, taking care not to trap any air bubbles. If there are air bubbles covering the sample, lift the cover slip and lower it again. 4. Using the paper towel, dry the underside of the slide and remove any excess stain from the sides of the cover slip.
5 Animal Cells Animal cells contain a nucleus, cytoplasm and a cell membrane. Structure Function (the job it does) Nucleus Contains DNA and controls all the cell s activities Cell membrane Controls the entry and exit of substances Cytoplasm Where all the chemical reactions occur
6 Plant Cells Plant cells also contain a nucleus, cytoplasm and a cell membrane. However, green plant cells also contain a vacuole, chloroplasts and a cell wall made of cellulose. Structure Function Chloroplast Contains green chlorophyll to trap light energy. Cell wall Made of cellulose. Gives the cells shape and support. Vacuole Contains cell sap, a mixture of water, salts and sugar.
7 Variety of Cells There are many different types of plant and animal cells, each specially adapted to carry out a specific job. Cell Type Name of cell Diagram Function Animal Red blood cell Carries oxygen around the body Animal White blood cell Helps to fight infection Animal Nerve cell Carries messages to and from the brain Animal Muscle cell Contracts to allow movement Animal Sperm cell Carries DNA and fertilizes an egg cell Plant Leaf cell Contains chloroplasts to make food by photosynthesis Plant Guard cell Controls the opening of the leaf pore to allow gas exchange
8 DNA The nucleus of the cell contains chromosomes. Chromosomes are made of genes. Genes are made of DNA. Your DNA is unique to you (unless you have an identical twin) and is inherited from your parents. The genes we inherit from our parents make proteins and these proteins make us look the way we do e.g. hair colour, eye colour, etc. Mother 2 copies of DNA in each cell Where do our genes come from? From our parents egg from mother nucleus containing 1 copy of mother s DNA sperm from father nucleus containing 1 copy of father s DNA Father 2 copies of DNA in each cell Child Cell divides DNA from both parents Each cell has a complete set of DNA Fertilised egg nucleus containing complete set of DNA (set=2 copies, 1 copy from each parent)
9 However, the environment can also affect the way we look: Hair styles Injuries Tattoos Piercings Diet and Exercise can all affect our appearance too! DNA Profiling and DNA Databases Many people and organisations (scientists, doctors, the Police) are interested in analysing people s DNA and keeping information about their DNA in a database. A DNA database is a computer programme containing information about people s DNA. A DNA profile shows information about the DNA of an individual person. There are many advantages and disadvantages of DNA profiling and databases. You should be prepared to share your opinion of these issues.
10 Advantages of DNA Profiling and Databases: Police can use it as evidence from crime scenes Criminals can be identified more easily Victims can be identified more quickly Can be used to identify the parents or other relatives of a person Scientists can use it to find genes responsible for genetic diseases. Parents could have their DNA analysed to find out the risk of having a child that may be affected by certain genetic diseases such as cystic fibrosis Can be used to trace pedigree lines in animals e.g. dogs, horses, sheep, etc. Disadvantages of DNA Profiling and Databases: X People s DNA could be accessed without their permission (invasion of privacy). Details about their health and relatives could be seen X Insurance companies/ mortgage lenders might use the information to increase their prices for certain customers X Person might find out about a condition they didn t know they) or a relative) might have and be upset or anxious about it X DNA collected at a crime scene must be carefully collected and stored to ensure it doesn t become contaminated
11 Microbes A microbe is another name for a micro-organism. The main types of micro-organism are: Viruses Yeasts Bacteria Fungi A substance decays when it is broken down by micro-organisms. Microorganisms that cause decay are called decomposers. Substances that can be broken down by micro-organisms are biodegradable. Substances that cannot be broken down by micro-organisms are non-biodegradable. To grow, micro-organisms need: A suitable temperature Air (oxygen) Moisture A suitable food source Food can be preserved by: Method Condition removed Refrigeration Freezing Canning Vacuum packing Drying Warmth Warmth Air (oxygen) Air (oxygen) Water
12 Sterile nutrient agar has no microbes on it. A control plate is set up to prove that there were no microbes growing in the agar before the samples were added. A colony is made up of a group of the same type of microbes growing together. Some micro-organisms are useful for making products such as: Yeast for making wine, bread and beer Bacteria for making yogurt We have useful bacteria in our gut which help us with digestion. Some micro-organisms are harmful and cause diseases. Viruses can cause illnesses like: Chicken pox Measles Common cold Influenza (flu) Cold sores AIDS Bacteria can cause illnesses like: Tuberculosis Tetanus Impetigo Fungi can cause: Athlete s foot Ringworm Many bacterial infections can be controlled by using antibiotics. The effects of some viral infections can be reduced by using antiviral drugs.
13 Test yourself questions Cells 1. What 3 structures are found in both animal and plant cells? 2. In plant cells, what structure is found around the outside of the cells and what is it made of? 3. Name as many structures as you can that are found in the cells of green plants. 4. What is the function of each the parts you have named? 5. What is the function of (a) a red blood cell (b) a white blood cell (c) a nerve cell (d) a guard cell DNA 1. Where in a cell can you find chromosomes? 2. What are genes made of? 3. Where do we get our genes from? 4. What information is contained in your genes? 5. Does anyone else have the exact same DNA as you? 6. What environmental factors might affect your appearance? 7. What is a a. DNA database? b. What is a DNA profile 8. Who would you trust with your DNA? Explain why would you trust them? 9. Explain why DNA databases/ DNA profiling might be useful? 10. Explain the disadvantages of DNA databases/ DNA profiling? Microbes 1. What conditions do microbes need to grow and multiply? 2. Name some methods of preserving foods. 3. Explain the meaning of the term biodegradable 4. Explain why a scientist would set up a control plate when growing microbes in a lab. 5. What is a colony? 6. Explain why petri dishes used for growing microbes should be sealed and never reopened. 7. Name some useful micro-organisms. 8. Name as many illnesses/ conditions as you can that are caused by micro-organisms. 9. How can bacterial infections be treated? 10. What type of microbe causes athlete s foot?
14 Answers Cells 1. Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane 2. Cell wall made of cellulose 3. Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane AND cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts 4. Nucleus controls all the cell s activities Cytoplasm where all the chemical reactions occur Cell membrane controls the entry and exit of materials 5. (a) transports oxygen to the body cells (b) helps fight infection (c) (d) carries messages to and from the brain controls the opening of the pore to allow carbon dioxide into the leaf and allow oxygen to get out DNA 1. In the nucleus 2. DNA 3. Our parents 4. The information to make proteins, to make us look the way we do e.g. eye colour, hair colour, etc. 5. No. Your DNA is unique to you, unless you have an identical twin!! 6. Hairstyle, diet, exercise, injuries, tattoos, piercings, hair dye, suntan, etc. 7. a. A DNA database is a computer that stores information about people s DNA b. A DNA profile contains detailed information about one person s DNA 8. This will be your personal opinion based on the discussions you had in class. 9. Might be useful for: Identifying and prosecuting criminals Identifying parents or other relatives Finding out if a person carries a gene for a genetic condition e.g. cystic fibrosis Giving parents information about genetic problems in their families to allow them to plan whether or not to have children/ get help quickly if they are going to have a child with a genetic condition 10. Possible disadvantages: invasion of privacy other people accessing the information without permission/ finding out about you health and family Suffering the anxiety of knowing you (or a relative) has a condition Possible to make mistakes with DNA profiling although giving inaccurate results is very rare Information being used to discriminate against certain individuals Microbes 1. a suitable temperature, moisture, air (oxygen) and a suitable food source 2. freezing, refrigeration, drying, canning (tinning), vacuum packing, wax coverings for cheese 3. means a substance that can be broken down or decayed by micro-organisms 4. to prove that there were no microbes growing in the agar before the samples were added i.e. the agar was sterile 5. a group of microbes of the same type growing together 6. to prevent the microbes from escaping so they can be disposed of safely 7. gut bacteria, yeast( for making wine, bread, etc.), bacteria (for making yoghurt, treating sewage, etc.) 8. e.g. athlete s foot, ringworm, impetigo, tuberculosis, tetanus, common cold, influenza, measles, chicken pox, AIDS and many more 9. SOME bacterial infections can be treated using antibiotics 10. fungus
CHAPTER 2 : CELL AS THE BASIC UNIT OF LIFE
CHAPTER 2 : CELL AS THE BASIC UNIT OF LIFE Parts of microscope : An instrument that magnifies minute objects so they can be seen easily. It is one of the most important tools of science. Physicians and
More informationDraw one line from each structure in List A to the correct information about the structure in List B.
Q. The drawing shows the cell of a bacterium. (a) List A gives the four structures labelled on the diagram. List B includes information about each structure. Draw one line from each structure in List A
More informationB2 1 Cells, Tissues and Organs
B2 Cells, Tissues and Organs 5 minutes 5 marks Page of 7 Q. The diagram shows a bacterium. On the drawing, name the structures labelled A, B, C and D. (Total 4 marks) Q2. (a) The diagrams show cells containing
More informationComparing Plant and Animal Cells
1.2 Comparing Plant and Animal Cells Here is a summary of what you will learn in this section: Plant and animal cell structures are called organelles. Plant and animal cells perform some similar functions,
More informationInvestigating cells. Cells are the basic units of living things (this means that all living things are made up of one or more cells).
SG Biology Summary notes Investigating cells Sub-topic a: Investigating living cells Cells are the basic units of living things (this means that all living things are made up of one or more cells). Cells
More informationCells, tissues and organs
Chapter 8: Cells, tissues and organs Cells: building blocks of life Living things are made of cells. Many of the chemical reactions that keep organisms alive (metabolic functions) take place in cells.
More information3.1 Cells and cell function
BTEC s own resources 3.1 Cells and cell function In this section: P1 How you are made Key terms Tissue a group of similar cells acting together to perform a particular function. Epithelial cells one of
More informationDiscovering cells. The fi rst drawing of cells
Discovering cells Living things are made of cells. Just as bricks and planks of wood are the building blocks for houses, cells are the building blocks of living things. Cells, although they are very small,
More informationAnimal & Plant Cell Slides
Animal & Plant Cell Slides Category: Biology Type: Class Experiment, 60 min class Materials: 2 Glass Slides 2 Cover Slips 1 Bottle of methylene blue (optional) 1 Plastic tray 1 Bottle of iodine 1 Plastic
More informationLiving things: Cells Living things:
unit 1 The cell is the smallest unit capable of living an independent existence. Most cells contain a nucleus which controls the way they work; the only cells in the human body with no nuclei are the red
More informationGRADE 7: Life science 1. UNIT 7L.1 7 hours. Specialised cells. Resources. About this unit. Previous learning. Key vocabulary and technical terms
GRADE 7: Life science 1 Specialised cells UNIT 7L.1 7 hours About this unit This unit is the first of six units on life science for Grade 7. This unit is designed to guide your planning and teaching of
More informationtissues are made of cells that work together, organs are )
Study Guide Cells Unit Test Matching. Write the letter of the correct response on the line. You may use the responses more than once. A. proteins B. simple carbohydrates C. complex carbohydrates D. lipids
More informationCells & Cell Organelles
Cells & Cell Organelles The Building Blocks of Life H Biology Types of cells bacteria cells Prokaryote - no organelles Eukaryotes - organelles animal cells plant cells Cell size comparison Animal cell
More informationName Score /64. Microorganisms Test. 1. Which of the following CORRECTLY describes the size of fungi compared to the size of bacteria?
Name Score /64 Multiple Choice Microorganisms Test 1. Which of the following CORRECTLY describes the size of fungi compared to the size of bacteria? A. Fungi are larger. B. Bacteria are larger. C. They
More informationCLIL lesson for TKT CLIL Chiara Cappa Liceo Scientifico Respighi - Piacenza. CLIL lesson on cells
CLIL lesson on cells Time: 1 hour Number of students: 20 Age: 14-15 Level: Pre-intermediate (B1) Subject: Biology Learning outcomes: at the end of the lesson students should be able to: o describe the
More informationB2 Revision. Subject Module Date Biology B2 13 TH May (am)
B2 Revision Subject Module Date Biology B2 13 TH May (am) Useful websites www.aqa.org.uk This website contains the specifications that we follow and also has a large number of past papers and mark schemes
More informationThe chemical reactions inside cells are controlled by enzymes. Cells may be specialised to carry out a particular function.
12.1 What are animals and plants built from? All living things are made up of cells. The structures of different types of cells are related to their functions. to relate the structure of different types
More informationBIO 10 Lab 1 Introduction Pre Lab Test
BIO 10 Lab 1 Introduction Pre Lab Test 1. Why is the microscope in our lab called a compound microscope? 2. How do you calculate total magnification? 3. What is the lowest and the maximal magnification
More information7.1 What Are Cells? You are made of cells. A cell is the basic unit of structure and function in a living thing. CHAPTER 7
CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION 7.1 What Are Cells? Look closely at the skin on your arm. Can you see that it is made of cells? Of course not! Your skin cells are much too small to see with your eyes. Now
More informationGenetic material of all living organisms. Biology - 100
Genetic material of all living organisms. Biology - 100 This antibiotic is made from a fungus that was first discovered growing on an orange and it became the first antibiotic to treat infection. Biology
More informationCells and Systems Unit 2 Test
Cells and Systems Unit 2 Test Student Name Class 1. Characteristics of living organisms include all of the following, EXCEPT... A. they need energy and produce wastes B. they reproduce and grow C. they
More informationPlant and Animal Cells
Plant and Animal Cells a. Explain that cells take in nutrients in order to grow, divide and to make needed materials. S7L2a b. Relate cell structures (cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, and
More informationRespiration occurs in the mitochondria in cells.
B3 Question Which process occurs in the mitochondria in cells? Why do the liver and muscle cells have large number of mitochondria? What is the function of the ribosomes? Answer Respiration occurs in the
More informationCell Biology Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Cell Biology Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Observation of cells and organelles In this lab you will be looking at an example of a Prokaryotic cell (Bacillus cereus) and a some examples of Eukaryotic
More informationSecond Grade The Human Body-Cells Assessment
Second Grade The Human Body-Cells Assessment 1a. The basic unit of all life is: a. a tree b. a cell 1b. The basic unit of all life is: a. a tree b. a cell c. an egg d. a phone 1c. The basic unit of all
More informationCells are tiny building blocks that make up all living things. Cells are so small that you need a microscope to see them.
FC01 CELLS s are tiny building blocks that make up all living things. s are so small that you need a microscope to see them. ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL This is the control centre of the cell. It contains chromosomes
More informationPHOTOSYNTHESIS AND CELLULAR RESPIRATION
reflect Wind turbines shown in the photo on the right are large structures with blades that move in response to air movement. When the wind blows, the blades rotate. This motion generates energy that is
More informationThe microscope is an important tool.
KEY CONCEPT Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell. BEFORE, you learned Some organisms are unicellular and some are multicellular A microscope is necessary to study most cells The cell theory describes
More informationPRESTWICK ACADEMY NATIONAL 5 BIOLOGY CELL BIOLOGY SUMMARY
Name PRESTWICK ACADEMY NATIONAL 5 BIOLOGY CELL BIOLOGY SUMMARY Cell Structure Identify animal, plant, fungal and bacterial cell ultrastructure and know the structures functions. Plant cell Animal cell
More informationCell and Membrane Practice. A. chromosome B. gene C. mitochondrion D. vacuole
Name: ate: 1. Which structure is outside the nucleus of a cell and contains N?. chromosome. gene. mitochondrion. vacuole 2. potato core was placed in a beaker of water as shown in the figure below. Which
More information7.2 Cells: A Look Inside
CHAPTER 7 CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION 7.2 Cells: A Look Inside Imagine a factory that makes thousands of cookies a day. Ingredients come into the factory, get mixed and baked, then the cookies are packaged.
More informationB2 H Mock Exam October 2014
B2 H Mock Exam October 204 B2. - B2.6 64 minutes 64 marks 5x 4x2 2x3 Page of 34 Q. The diagram shows a cell. (a) (i) Use words from the box to name the structures labelled A and B. cell membrane chloroplast
More informationCambridge International Examinations Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education
*1981377663* ambridge International Examinations ambridge International General ertificate of Secondary Education IOLOGY 0610/11 Paper 1 Multiple hoice May/June 2014 dditional Materials: Multiple hoice
More informationIIn our high tech world, one of the hottest areas of development
Topic 1.1 Why are cells important? Key Concepts Studying cells helps us understand how organisms function. Cellular organelles work together to carry out life functions. Cellular processes enable organisms
More informationThe Good and Bad of Microorganisms
Science Benchmark: 06 : 05 Microorganisms are those living things that are visible as individual organisms only with the aid of magnification. Microorganisms are components of every ecosystem on Earth.
More informationSection A: Organisms and Life Processes
Section A: Organisms and Life Processes The cells of all living organisms have common features, and the organisms themselves share common processes. In this chapter you will read about these features and
More informationUNIT 1 - Living Organisms and the Environment Situations. Cells
Lesson Summaries HUMAN AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY UNIT 1 - Living Organisms and the Environment Situations Lesson 2 Cells OBJECTIVES At the end of this lesson you will be able to: a) Describe the structure of
More informationIntroduction to the Cell: Plant and Animal Cells
Introduction to the Cell: Plant and Animal Cells Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things Cells, Cell Division, and Animal Systems and Plant Systems Cell Specialization Human Systems All organisms
More informationEukaryotic Cells Organelles Cell Wall cell wall
Eukaryotic Cells Think back to Schwann and Schleiden. It wasn t until that fateful lunch that Schwann realized he was seeing cells. After that moment cell biology knowledge exploded (just a saying; it
More informationUsing a Microscope to See Different Types of Cells
Using a Microscope to See Different Types of Cells copyright 2003 by Dr. Vivianne Nachmias, University of Pennsylvania All organisms are made up of cells - a cell is the simplest collection of matter that
More informationANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES. (a) A - liver; 1 B -brain; 1 C - heart; 1 D - lung; 1 E - kidney; 1. (b) (i) E/kidney; 1. (ii) C/heart; 1.
QUESTIONSHEET 1 A - liver; 1 B -brain; 1 C - heart; 1 D - lung; 1 E - kidney; 1 (b) (i) E/kidney; 1 C/heart; 1 (iii) B/brain; 1 (iv) D/lungs; 1 QUESTIONSHEET 2 (i) artery; 1 eye; 1 (iii) stomach; 1 (iv)
More informationAdditional Science. Biology BL2FP. (Jun15BL2FP01) General Certificate of Secondary Education Foundation Tier June 2015.
Centre Number Surname Candidate Number For Examiner s Use Other Names Candidate Signature Examiner s Initials Question Mark Additional Science Unit Biology B2 Biology Unit Biology B2 General Certificate
More informationThe Immune System and Disease
Chapter 40 The Immune System and Disease Section 40 1 Infectious Disease (pages 1029 1033) This section describes the causes of disease and explains how infectious diseases are transmitted Introduction
More informationAn Overview of Cells and Cell Research
An Overview of Cells and Cell Research 1 An Overview of Cells and Cell Research Chapter Outline Model Species and Cell types Cell components Tools of Cell Biology Model Species E. Coli: simplest organism
More informationMultiple Choice Questions
Chapter 5 THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which of the following can be made into crystal? (a) A Bacterium (b) An Amoeba (c) A Virus (d) A Sperm 2. A cell will swell up if (a)
More informationPLANT AND ANIMAL CELL ORGANELLES
reflect The heart is an example of an organ. Think for a minute about your body. It s organized into parts that perform specific functions. For example, your heart functions to help transport materials
More informationreflect look out! organisms: living things
reflect Imagine that a student in your school fell down and is having difficulty breathing. Sirens wail as an ambulance pulls into the school parking lot. The emergency workers rush over to help the student.
More informationBacteria vs. Virus: What s the Difference? Grade 11-12
Bacteria vs. Virus: What s the Difference? Grade 11-12 Subject: Biology Topic: Bacteria, viruses, and the differences between them. The role that water plays in spreading bacteria and viruses, and the
More informationDiffusion, Osmosis, and Membrane Transport
Diffusion, Osmosis, and Membrane Transport Introduction... 2 Diffusion and osmosis as related to cellular processes... 2 The hotter the medium, the faster the molecules diffuse... 2 TASK 1: TEMPERATURE
More informationName Class Date Laboratory Investigation 4B Chapter 4: Cell Structure
Name Class Date Laboratory Investigation 4B Chapter 4: Cell Structure The Microscope: A Tool of the Scientist You may refer to pages 66-67, 72-73 in your textbook for a general discussion of microscopes.
More informationCells Connect Four Game
Cells Connect Four Game Developed by Liz Haslam with help from her science colleagues in Tameside. You need to enlarge the board to A3. We have provided two sets of cards with different coloured writing
More informationGiven these characteristics of life, which of the following objects is considered a living organism? W. X. Y. Z.
Cell Structure and Organization 1. All living things must possess certain characteristics. They are all composed of one or more cells. They can grow, reproduce, and pass their genes on to their offspring.
More information7.2 Cell Structure. Lesson Objectives. Lesson Summary. Cell Organization Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and many specialized structures.
7.2 Cell Structure Lesson Objectives Describe the structure and function of the cell nucleus. Describe the role of vacuoles, lysosomes, and the cytoskeleton. Identify the role of ribosomes, endoplasmic
More informationCOMPARING PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS
COMPARING PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS OBJECTIVES: Distinguish between plant and animals cells by their structures Demonstrate the benefit of stains Acquire ability to prepare wet mounts SAFETY: Methylene blue
More information1. When you come to a station, attempt to answer each question for that station.
Name: Block: Steps for completing this study guide 1. When you come to a station, attempt to answer each question for that station. 2. Once you are done answering the questions, or if you can t answer
More informationPhotosynthesis. Chemical Energy (e.g. glucose) - They are the ultimate source of chemical energy for all living organisms: directly or indirectly.
Photosynthesis Light Energy transduction Chemical Energy (e.g. glucose) - Only photosynthetic organisms can do this (e.g. plants) - They are the ultimate source of chemical energy for all living organisms:
More information10. T and B cells are types of a. endocrine cells. c. lymphocytes. b. platelets. d. complement cells.
Virus and Immune System Review Directions: Write your answers on a separate piece of paper. 1. Why does a cut in the skin threaten the body s nonspecific defenses against disease? a. If a cut bleeds, disease-fighting
More informationOBJECTIVES PROCEDURE. Lab 2- Bio 160. Name:
Lab 2- Bio 160 Name: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells OBJECTIVES To explore cell structure and morphology in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. To gain more experience using the microscope. To obtain a better
More informationMITOSIS IN ONION ROOT TIP CELLS: AN INTRODUCTION TO LIGHT MICROSCOPY
MITOSIS IN ONION ROOT TIP CELLS: AN INTRODUCTION TO LIGHT MICROSCOPY Adapted from Foundations of Biology I; Lab 6 Introduction to Microscopy Dr. John Robertson, Westminster College Biology Department,
More informationRespiration Worksheet. Respiration is the controlled release of energy from food. Types of Respiration. Aerobic Respiration
Respiration Worksheet Respiration is the controlled release of energy from food The food involved in respiration is usually Internal respiration is controlled by which allow energy to be released in The
More informationBut what about the prokaryotic cells?
Chapter 32: Page 318 In the past two chapters, you have explored the organelles that can be found in both plant and animal s. You have also learned that plant s contain an organelle that is not found in
More informationTHE LIVING CELL. Cells also have variety of shapes. Plant cells are often rectangular or polygonal, while egg cells are usually spherical.
THE LIVING CELL A Tour of the cell The cell is the smallest and the basic unit of structure of all organisms. There are two main types or categories of cells: prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic
More informationExemplar for Internal Achievement Standard. Biology Level 2
Exemplar for internal assessment resource Biology for Achievement Standard 91160 Exemplar for Internal Achievement Standard Biology Level 2 This exemplar supports assessment against: Achievement Standard
More information2. What kind of energy is stored in food? A. chemical energy B. heat energy C. kinetic energy D. light energy
Assessment Bank Matter and Energy in Living Things SC.8.L.18.4 1. What is energy? A. anything that takes up space B. anything that has mass C. the ability to conduct current D. the ability to do work 2.
More informationCELERY LAB - Structure and Function of a Plant
CELERY LAB - Structure and Function of a Plant READ ALL INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE BEGINNING! YOU MAY WORK WITH A PARTNER ON THIS ACTIVITY, BUT YOU MUST COMPLETE YOUR OWN LAB SHEET! Look at the back of this paper
More informationCELERY LAB - Structure and Function of a Plant
CELERY LAB - Structure and Function of a Plant READ ALL INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE BEGINNING! YOU MAY WORK WITH A PARTNER ON THIS ACTIVITY, BUT YOU MUST COMPLETE YOUR OWN LAB SHEET! Plants are incredible organisms!
More informationCells. Cell Theory. plant cell. Cytoplasm and Organelles. animal cell
Cells Have you ever seen a cell? Cells are the smallest unit of life. They are called the building blocks of life. We cannot see single cells with just our eyes. We must use a microscope to see them. Cell
More informationPlant and Animal Cells
Plant and Animal Cells Cell Scientists Hans and Zacharias Janssen Dutch lens grinders, father and son produced first compound microscope (2 lenses) Robert Hooke (1665) English Scientist looked at a thin
More informationCell Unit Practice Test #1
ell Unit Practice Test #1 Name: ate: 1. Which organelle is primarily concerned with the conversion of potential energy of organic compounds into suitable form for immediate use by the cell?. mitochondria.
More informationChapter 3. Cellular Structure and Function Worksheets. 39 www.ck12.org
Chapter 3 Cellular Structure and Function Worksheets (Opening image copyright by Sebastian Kaulitzki, 2010. Used under license from Shutterstock.com.) Lesson 3.1: Introduction to Cells Lesson 3.2: Cell
More informationFifth Grade Cells: Structures and Processes Assessment
Fifth Grade Cells: Structures and Processes Assessment 1a. All living things are made up of. a. cells b. tissues c. organisms d. systems 1b. All living things are made up of. 1c. Explain what cells are
More informationProkaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Lab 2- Bio 201 Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Name: OBJECTIVES To explore cell structure and morphology in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. To gain more experience using the microscope, and in particular,
More informationThe Living Cell from the Biology: The Science of Life Series. Pre-Test
1 Pre-Test Directions: Answer each question TRUE OR FALSE. 1. The instructions for making proteins are stored in molecules of DNA. 2. Proteins are made in the nucleus. 3. All cells are surrounded by a
More informationAS Biology Unit 2 Key Terms and Definitions. Make sure you use these terms when answering exam questions!
AS Biology Unit 2 Key Terms and Definitions Make sure you use these terms when answering exam questions! Chapter 7 Variation 7.1 Random Sampling Sampling a population to eliminate bias e.g. grid square
More informationDifferentiation = Making specialized cells. Your body needs stem cells. What is a stem cell?
Differentiation = Making specialized cells What is a stem cell? What the photo shows A lump of metal and lots of different kinds of screws. Things to think about Lumps of metal that start off the same
More informationGenetic Testing in Research & Healthcare
We Innovate Healthcare Genetic Testing in Research & Healthcare We Innovate Healthcare Genetic Testing in Research and Healthcare Human genetic testing is a growing science. It is used to study genes
More informationthe plant & animal cell
6.1 Basic unit of life Biology Biology Structure & functions of 06 the plant & animal cell In 1665, Robert Hooke observed a section of a cork using a microscope prepared by him. He discovered a structure
More informationThe Cell Teaching Notes and Answer Keys
The Cell Teaching Notes and Answer Keys Subject area: Science / Biology Topic focus: The Cell: components, types of cells, organelles, levels of organization Learning Aims: describe similarities and differences
More informationBiopharmaceuticals and Biotechnology Unit 2 Student Handout. DNA Biotechnology and Enzymes
DNA Biotechnology and Enzymes 35 Background Unit 2~ Lesson 1 The Biotechnology Industry Biotechnology is a process (or a technology) that is used to create products like medicines by using micro-organisms,
More informationEukaryotes. www.njctl.org PSI Biology Eukaryotes & Gene Expression
Eukaryotes The Eukaryotic Cell Classwork 1. Identify two characteristics that are shared by all cells. 2. Suppose you are investigating a cell that contains a nucleus. Would you categorize this cell as
More informationEndocrine System: Practice Questions #1
Endocrine System: Practice Questions #1 1. Removing part of gland D would most likely result in A. a decrease in the secretions of other glands B. a decrease in the blood calcium level C. an increase in
More informationChapter 5 Organelles. Lesson Objectives List the organelles of the cell and their functions. Distinguish between plant and animal cells.
Chapter 5 Organelles Lesson Objectives List the organelles of the cell and their functions. Distinguish between plant and animal cells. Check Your Understanding What is a cell? How do we visualize cells?
More informationAll About Cells Literacy Foundations Science: Biology
Version 01 All About Cells Literacy Foundations Science: Biology 2012 by Open School BC This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy
More informationMultiple Choice Questions
C hapter 13 WHY DO WE FALL ILL Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which one of the following is not a viral disease? (a) Dengue (b) AIDS (c) Typhoid (d) Influenza 2. Which one of the following is not a bacterial
More informationUnit 2 Cell Biology Page 1
Sub-Topics Include: 2.1 Cell structure 2.2 Transport across cell membranes 2.3 Producing new cells 2.4 DNA and the production of proteins 2.5 Proteins and enzymes 2.6 Genetic Engineering 2.7 Respiration
More informationPlant and Animal Cells
Plant and Animal Cells Strand Topic Life Systems Investigating organelles and their functions in cells of living things Primary SOL LS.2 The student will investigate and understand that all living things
More information1 Mutation and Genetic Change
CHAPTER 14 1 Mutation and Genetic Change SECTION Genes in Action KEY IDEAS As you read this section, keep these questions in mind: What is the origin of genetic differences among organisms? What kinds
More informationGet It Right. Answers. Chapter 1: The Science of Life. A biologist studies all living things.
Discover Biology 'N' Level Science Chapter 1 Chapter 1: The Science of Life A biologist studies all living things. In order to carry out the scientific method, we need to ask questions. Discover Biology
More informationWeek 1 EOC Review Cell Theory, Cell Structure, Cell Transport
Week 1 EOC Review Cell Theory, Cell Structure, Cell Transport Benchmarks: SC.912.L.14.1 Describe the scientific theory of cells (cell theory) and relate the history of its discovery to the processes of
More information12.1 The Role of DNA in Heredity
12.1 The Role of DNA in Heredity Only in the last 50 years have scientists understood the role of DNA in heredity. That understanding began with the discovery of DNA s structure. In 1952, Rosalind Franklin
More informationStandard 5: Students will understand that microorganisms range from simple to complex, are found almost everywhere, and are both helpful and harmful.
Name Grade 6 Standard 5: Students will understand that microorganisms range from simple to complex, are found almost everywhere, and are both helpful and harmful. Objective 2: Demonstrate the skills needed
More informationMCAS Biology. Review Packet
MCAS Biology Review Packet 1 Name Class Date 1. Define organic. THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE 2. All living things are made up of 6 essential elements: SPONCH. Name the six elements of life. S N P C O H 3. Elements
More informationMake your own bacteria!
Make your own bacteria! Bacteria: a single-celled microorganism with no membrane-bound nucleus. Bacteria are found everywhere from soil to acidic hot springs. You can make your own bacteria to take home
More informationA Fishy Tale. Observing the Circulatory System of a Goldfish with a Compound Light Microscope
A Fishy Tale Observing the Circulatory System of a Goldfish with a Compound Light Microscope A Fishy Tale About this Lesson In this lesson, students will explore a computer animation of the human body
More informationOsmosis Demonstration Lab
Osmosis Demonstration Lab Objectives The student will: 1) Observe the effects of different concentrations of salt solutions on potato cores. 2) Infer the relationship between weight loss and rate of osmosis.
More informationReproductive System & Development: Practice Questions #1
Reproductive System & Development: Practice Questions #1 1. Which two glands in the diagram produce gametes? A. glands A and B B. glands B and E C. glands C and F D. glands E and F 2. Base your answer
More informationChapter 4. Microscopy, Staining, and Classification. Lecture prepared by Mindy Miller-Kittrell North Carolina State University
Chapter 4 Microscopy, Staining, and Classification 2012 Pearson Education Inc. Lecture prepared by Mindy Miller-Kittrell North Carolina State University Microscopy and Staining 2012 Pearson Education Inc.
More informationUse of the Microscope and Cytology
Use of the Microscope and Cytology Introduction: A true study of anatomy not only considers the large, visible structures of an organism, but also the small structures that provide the organism its form
More informationBlood Transfusion. Red Blood Cells White Blood Cells Platelets
Blood Transfusion Introduction Blood transfusions are very common. Each year, almost 5 million Americans need a blood transfusion. Blood transfusions are given to replace blood lost during surgery or serious
More informationThe Cell. Grade 8 Activity Plan
The Cell Grade 8 Activity Plan Plant Cell Project Objectives: 1. To identify cell organelles and their functions. 2. To demonstrate the difference between plant and animal cells. Keywords/concepts: cells,
More information