Begin a sleep and dream log. You will keep this log for 7 days. In this log record:

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2 Begin a sleep and dream log. You will keep this log for 7 days. In this log record: 1. the number of hours you sleep each night 2. if you remembered dreaming or not. 3. Give the most detailed description possible of the dreams that you had. 4. What time you went to bed and what time did you wake 5. How many times, if any, did you wake during the nightdescribe circumstances 6. What did you eat before you went to bed 7. Did you have any stressors during the day or are/were you anxious about upcoming events 8. Conditions of sleeping environment, such as wind blowing, storming, calm/quiet, cool or warm, comfortable etc. 9. Create a cover for your log

3 Read chapter 7: Answer Assessment questions 1-4 on page 190 due at the end of the class

4 Consciousness- State of Awareness Altered States of Consciousness: Sleeping Daydreaming Meditation Hypnosis Substance Influence

5 SLEEP 4 Stages of Sleep: Stage I- Pulse slows, Muscles relax, Uneven breathing, Irregular brain waves minutes Stage II- Eyes roll from side to side minutes Stage III- Deeper waves sweep the brain ever 2 seconds or so Stage IV- Deepest Delta waves, maximum lack of consciousness, State of oblivion- sleepwalking and bedwetting occur total time in stage IV is 60 minutes per night- Important to your physical well being

6 Stage I- Quiet Sleep Stage II- Stage III- Stage IV- Lasts a total of an Hour and half per cycle 75% of sleep time is in Stage I-IV

7 Active Sleep Active Sleep: Rapid Eye Movement- REM sleep 10 minutes per sleep cycle Pulse and breathing are irregular, Adrenal and sexual hormones production increase Brain waves are similar to those recorded when awake

8 Go through cycle approximately every 90 minutes Stage IV decreases in length with each cycle

9 Sleep Needs: Infant hours per day half of the time spent in REM 16 year olds hours per day College age- 8 hours 70 years and up- 5 hours Circadian Rhythm- Biological clock

10 Sleep Disorders Insomnia- abnormal prolonged inability to sleep Causes: overuse of alcohol or drugs physiological conditions psychological conditions Sleep Apnea- breathing trouble while sleeping causing person snore and stop breathing Causes: muscles at the base of the tongue relax and sag swollen tonsils, obesity, infections

11 Narcolepsy: sudden falling asleep at any time and place Nightmares: Unpleasant dreams- REM sleep Night terrors: sleep disruption during stage IV resulting in confusion, screaming, rapid heart rate, sweating. Subjects have no memory of the terror Sleepwalking and Talking: linked to stress and fatigue can occur during REM or NREM (non REM) sleep

12 Dreams- Mental Activity during sleep Dreams occur during REM sleep- unlike bedwetting and sleepwalking that occur during Stage IV sleep Longest REM stage is when most dreams that are remembered occur

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14 Which dreams do we remember and which dreams do we forget? Dreams remembered are: Generally more interesting Relate to a frightening experience Have sexual content Have action

15 Why is REM Sleep important? Takes subconscious trash and eliminates it from the brain s filing cabinet so it doesn t bog down the brains ability to do work. (defragging) Dreaming is important to human well being. thus REM sleep is extremely important. REM deprivation in a Sleep cycle will be made up in the next cycles

16 Dreams often have common settings familiar to individuals. Rarely do they have settings in dreamland Most involve enjoyable activities and not work or study Outside influences during sleep effect dreaming- sounds, tactile experience, physical conditions

17 Nightmares Relate to intensity of brain activity Emotional dread from the day in the conscious results Nightmares during sleep

18 Freud was fascinated by dreams and Believed them to be the road to the unconscious Mind Clues to thoughts and desires the dreamer is afraid to acknowledge in the conscious mind full of hidden meanings

19 Dream Interpretation 1. Write out in as much detail as possible one of the dreams that you have never forgotten. Be prepared to share this dream with the class to interpret. 2. Analyze your dream logs. Do you see any correlation between the amount of sleep you got and remembering dreams. Write your analysis in the comment space and turn in.

20 Hypnosis An altered state of consciousness when the subjects Becomes highly suggestible and do not use their Critical thinking skills

21 Results from hypnosis: Subjects can become conscious of things they are usually unaware of and don t normally notice Subjects become highly receptive and responsive of external stimuli Sometimes subjects lose sensation ability- I.e., don t feel a pin sticking them Subjects are able to focus attention on one tiny aspect of something and ignore all external stimuli

22 Uses for hypnosis: 1. Posthypnotic Suggestion- Remembering subconsciously after awakened- used to curb smoking, eating or other unwanted behaviors 2. Memory Enhancement- Hypnosis can aid subjects in remembering forgotten or repressed information. Things the subject may have seen and forgotten Stiff as a board exercise in hypnosis

23 Hallucinations Perceptions that have no direct external cause - results in seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, or feeling things that do not exist

24 Causes of Hallucinations: Drugs- LSD, Peyote Sensory Deprivation- No visual or auditory stimuli Physical needs deprivation- Sleep, food, oxygen, water

25 Psychoactive Drugs Drugs that interact with the nervous system to alter a Person s mood, perception, and behavior These drugs can range from caffeine in coffee to powerful Consciousness altering substances like marijuana, alcohol, Amphetamines, and LSD- new drug Ecstasy.

26 MEDITATION Focusing attention on an image or thought with the goal of Clearing one s mind and producing an inner peace. Physical state may change- slower pulse/heart rate, slower breathing, relaxed muscles Produces the Relaxation Response Can reduce Hypertension which is high blood pressure

27 Four basic elements necessary to elicit the state of Relaxation: 1. A quiet environment 2. A comfortable position 3. A mental device ( something that is repeated over and over) or a physical object to concentrate on 4. A passive or willing attitude

28 Disorder Project: Research disorder- (cite all resources) Demonstrate that behavior at the the Disorder Party Short presentation to class on the disorder you were portraying Pamphlet with information on the disorder that will be reproduced and distributed to the class with presentation.