Chapter False-Position Method of Solving a Nonlinear Equation
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1 Chpte 006 Flse-Position Method o Solving Nonline Eqution Ate eding this chpte, you should be ble to 1 ollow the lgoithm o the lse-position method o solving nonline eqution, pply the lse-position method to ind oots o nonline eqution Intoduction In Chpte 00, the bisection method ws descibed s one o the simple bcketing methods o solving nonline eqution o the genel om ( 0 (1 ( ( Ect oot O ( Figue 1 Flse-Position Method The bove nonline eqution cn be stted s inding the vlue o such tht Eqution (1 is stisied In the bisection method, we identiy pope vlues o (lowe bound vlue nd (uppe bound vlue o the cuent bcket, such tht ( ( < 0 ( The net pedicted/impoved oot cn be computed s the midpoint between nd s 0061
2 006 Chpte ( The new uppe nd lowe bounds e then estblished, nd the pocedue is epeted until the convegence is chieved (such tht the new lowe nd uppe bounds e suiciently close to ech othe Howeve, in the emple shown in Figue 1, the bisection method my not be eicient becuse it does not tke into considetion tht ( is much close to the zeo o the unction ( s comped to ( In othe wods, the net pedicted oot would be close to (in the emple s shown in Figue 1, thn the mid-point between nd The lse-position method tkes dvntge o this obsevtion mthemticlly by dwing secnt om the unction vlue t to the unction vlue t, nd estimtes the oot s whee it cosses the -is Flse-Position Method Bsed on two simil tingles, shown in Figue 1, one gets 0 ( 0 ( (4 Fom Eqution (4, one obtins ( ( ( ( ( ( { ( ( } The bove eqution cn be solved to obtin the net pedicted oot m s ( ( (5 ( ( The bove eqution, though simple lgebic mnipultions, cn lso be epessed s ( (6 ( ( o ( (7 ( ( Obseve the esemblnce o Equtions (6 nd (7 to the secnt method Flse-Position Algoithm The steps to pply the lse-position method to ind the oot o the eqution ( 0 ollows 1 Choose nd s two guesses o the oot such tht ( ( < 0 ( chnges sign between nd e s, o in othe wods,
3 Flse-Position Method o Solving Nonline Eqution 006 Estimte the oot, o the eqution ( 0 s ( ( ( ( Now check the ollowing I ( ( < 0, then the oot lies between nd ; then nd I ( ( > 0, then the oot lies between nd ; then nd I ( ( 0, then the oot is Stop the lgoithm 4 Find the new estimte o the oot ( ( ( ( Find the bsolute eltive ppoimte eo s new old 0 new whee new estimted oot om pesent itetion old estimted oot om pevious itetion 5 Compe the bsolute eltive ppoimte eo with the pe-speciied eltive eo tolence s I > s, then go to step, else stop the lgoithm Note one should lso check whethe the numbe o itetions is moe thn the mimum numbe o itetions llowed I so, one needs to teminte the lgoithm nd notiy the use bout it Note tht the lse-position nd bisection lgoithms e quite simil The only dieence is the omul used to clculte the new estimte o the oot s shown in steps # nd #4! Emple 1 You e woking o DOWN THE TOIET COMPANY tht mkes lots o ABC commodes The loting bll hs speciic gvity o 06 nd hs dius o 55cm You e sked to ind the depth to which the bll is submeged when loting in wte The eqution tht gives the depth to which the bll is submeged unde wte is given by se the lse-position method o inding oots o equtions to ind the depth to which the bll is submeged unde wte Conduct thee itetions to estimte the oot o the bove eqution Find the bsolute eltive ppoimte eo t the end o ech itetion, nd the numbe o signiicnt digits t lest coect t the end o thid itetion
4 0064 Chpte 006 Solution Figue Floting bll poblem Fom the physics o the poblem, the bll would be submeged between 0 nd R, whee R dius o the bll, tht is 0 R 0 ( et us ssume 0, 011 Check i the unction chnges sign between nd ( ( ( ( ( ( 011 ( ( Hence ( ( ( 0 ( 011 ( 99 ( 66 < 0 Theeoe, thee is t lest one oot between nd, tht is between 0 nd 011 Itetion 1 The estimte o the oot is ( ( ( ( ( ( 0 ( 66 ( 66 ( ( (
5 Flse-Position Method o Solving Nonline Eqution 0065 ( ( ( 0 ( ( + ( < 0 Hence, the oot is bcketed between nd, tht is, between 0 nd So, the lowe nd uppe limits o the new bcket e 0, , espectively Itetion The estimte o the oot is ( ( ( ( 0 ( 1944 ( The bsolute eltive ppoimte eo o this itetion is % ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 0 ( ( + ( + > 0 Hence, the lowe nd uppe limits o the new bcket e , , espectively Itetion The estimte o the oot is ( ( ( ( ( 1944 ( The bsolute eltive ppoimte eo o this itetion is % ( 111 ( ( ( ( 0064 ( + ( < 0 Hence, the lowe nd uppe limits o the new bcket e , All itetions esults e summized in Tble 1 To ind how mny signiicnt digits e t lest coect in the lst itetive vlue
6 0066 Chpte m m m 187 The numbe o signiicnt digits t lest coect in the estimted oot o 0064 t the end o d itetion is 1 Tble 1 Root o ( Itetion % ( o lse-position method m Emple Find the oot o ( ( 4 ( + 0, using the initil guesses o 5 nd 10, nd pe-speciied tolence o s 01% Solution The individul itetions e not shown o this emple, but the esults e summized in Tble It tkes ive itetions to meet the pe-speciied tolence Tble Root o ( ( 4 ( + 0 o lse-position method Itetion ( ( % ( N/A To ind how mny signiicnt digits e t lest coect in the lst itetive nswe, m 05 m m 666 Hence, t lest signiicnt digits cn be tusted to be ccute t the end o the ith itetion FASE-POSITION METHOD OF SOVING A NONINEAR EQATION Topic Flse-Position Method o Solving Nonline Eqution Summy Tetbook Chpte o Flse-Position Method Mjo Genel Engineeing Authos Duc Nguyen Dte Septembe 4, 01 m
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