7/24/2014. Lecture 5 Outline (Ch. 35) Plant Structure, Growth, Development
|
|
- Hannah Moody
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Lecture 5 Outline (Ch. 35) I. Overview Plant Systems II. Plant cell types III. Tissues A. Dermal B. Vascular C. Ground III. Plant organs A. Roots B. Stems C. Leaves IV. Plant Growth A. Meristems B. Primary vs. secondary V. Preparation for next lecture Plant Structure, Growth, Development Plants are notably different from animals: 1. SA:V ratio 2. Mobility 3. Growth 4. Response to environment 5. Cell structure 1
2 Setting the scene - animal bodies Cells Tissues Organs Systems Plant Cell Types Plant cell structure recap Cell wall, plasmodesmata Primary wall (some have secondary wall), middle lamella Plant Cell Types 1) Parenchyma (most abundant): Flexible, thin-walled cells; living plant metabolism: Parenchyma cells in Elodea leaf,(w/chloroplasts) Photosynthesis; hormone secretion; sugar storage thin wall permeable to gasses large central vacuole able to divide and differentiate 2
3 2) Collenchyma: Plant Cell Types Thick-walled (uneven); living Collenchyma cells sunflower Offers support (flexible & strong) Able to elongate Grouped in strands, lack secondary wall 3) Sclerenchyma: Thick, hard-walled; Dead Cell wall Plant Cell Types Sclereid cells in pear (LM) Offer support (e.g. hemp fibers; nut shells) Thick secondary walls with lignin Rigid (cannot elongate) Two types sclereids and fibers Fiber cells in ash tree 1) Dermal Tissues Outer covering Protection 2) Vascular Tissues Vessels throughout plant Transport materials 3) Ground Tissues Body of plant Photosynthesis; storage; support Three basic cell types: Parenchyma Collenchyma Sclerenchyma Plant Tissues 3
4 Plant bodies Plants, like multicellular animals, have organs composed of different tissues, which in turn are composed of cells Shoot system Leaf Three Basic Plant Organs: Stem Roots, Stems, and Leaves (also flowers, branches) Root system Each plant organ has dermal, vascular, and ground tissues Plant Systems Each of these three categories forms a system Roots Shoots Vascular Dermal tissue Ground tissue Vascular tissue Plant Tissues - Dermis Dermal Tissue System (Covering of Plant): 1) Epidermal Tissue (epidermis): Outer layer Cuticle: Waxy covering - reduces evaporation/ predation Root Hairs: extended root surface - Increase absorption 2) Peridermal Tissue (periderm): Only in woody plants ( bark = dead cells ) Protection; support 4
5 Plant Tissues - Dermis Special Dermal Cells Trichomes & Root hairs Trichomes Hair-like outgrowths of epidermis Keep leaf surfaces cool and reduce evaporation Roots hairs Tube extensions from epidermal cells Greatly increase the root s surface area for absorption Plant Tissues - Dermis Special Dermal Cells Guard Cells Stomata a. c. Guard cells Epidermal cell 4 µm 200 µm b. Stoma Guard cells Epidermal cell 71 µm Paired sausage-shaped cells Flank a stoma epidermal opening Passageway for oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor Plant Tissues - Vascular Vascular tissues made up of multiple cell types: Arranged in multiple bundles or central cylinder Xylem water and nutrients Phloem dissolved sugars and metabolites 5
6 1) Xylem (dead at maturity): water and minerals roots to shoots A) Tracheids: Narrow, tube-like cells B) Vessel Elements: Wide, tube-like cells C) Fibers Plant Tissues - Vascular 1) Xylem: Tracheids: - Most vascular plants - Long, thin, tapered ends, lignified secondary walls - Water moves cell to cell through pits Vessel elements: - Wider and shorter - Perforation plates ends of vessel elements - water flows freely though perforation plates Plant Tissues - Vascular Plant Tissues - Vascular 2) Phloem (living at maturity) cells: A) Sieve Tubes: Wide, tube-like cells B) Companion Cells: support and regulate sieve tubes 6
7 Plant Tissues - Vascular 2) Phloem (living at maturity) - Moves water, sugar, amino acids & hormones Sieve tube elements/members Living parenchyma Long narrow cells stack end to end Pores in end walls (sieve plates) Lack most cellular structures including: Distinct vacuole, Some cytoskeletal elements, Nucleus, Ribosomes Companion Cells: Adjacent to every sieve tube element Non-conducting. Regulate both cells Connected by numerous plasmodesmata Plant Tissues Ground Tissue Tissues that are neither dermal nor vascular are ground tissue Ground tissue internal to the vascular tissue is pith; ground tissue external to the vascular tissue is cortex Ground tissue includes cells specialized for storage, photosynthesis, and support Plant Organs: Roots - Overview Roots need sugars from photosynthesis; Shoots rely on water and minerals absorbed by the root system Root Roles: - Anchoring the plant - Absorbing minerals and water - Storing organic nutrients 7
8 Taproots: Plant Organs: Roots - Comparisons Fibrous roots: Typical of dicots, primary root forms and small branch roots grow from it In monocots mostly, primary root dies, replaced by new roots from stem Plant Organs: Roots Structure and Development Four regions: Root cap Protection, gravity detection Zone of cell division Mitotic divisions Zone of elongation Cells lengthen, no division Zone of maturation Cells differentiate, outer layer becomes dermis Plant Organs: Roots Structure and Development In maturation zone, Casparian strip forms waterproof barrier material surrounding vasculature 8
9 Dicot Plant Organs: Roots Vasculature 100 m (a) Root with xylem and phloem in the center 50 m Epidermis Cortex Endodermis Vascular cylinder Pericycle Core of parenchyma cells Xylem Phloem Endodermis Pericycle Xylem Phloem 100 m (b) Root with parenchyma in the center Key to labels Dermal Ground Vascular Monocot Prop roots Roots Many Plants Have Modified Roots Strangling aerial roots Storage roots Buttress roots Pneumatophores Water storage Plant Organs: Stems - Overview Stem: an organ made of Alternating nodes, points of leaf attachment Internodes, stem length between nodes Axillary bud - can form a lateral shoot/branch Apical(terminal) bud - near the shoot tip, lengthens a shoot Apical dominance maintains dormancy in most non-apical buds Apical bud Node Internode Apical bud Vegetative shoot Axillary bud Stem Shoot system 9
10 Vasculature - Stems In most monocot stems, the vascular bundles are scattered throughout the ground tissue, rather than forming a ring Phloem Xylem Sclerenchyma (fiber cells) Ground tissue connecting pith to cortex Ground tissue Pith Epidermis Epidermis Cortex Vascular bundle 1 mm (a) Cross section of stem with vascular bundles forming a ring (typical of eudicots) Dicot Key to labels Vascular Dermal bundles Ground Vascular 1 mm (b) Cross section of stem with scattered vascular bundles (typical of monocots) Monocot Rhizomes Stems Many Plants Have Modified Stems Bulbs Storage leaves Stolons Stem Stolon Tubers Plant Organs: Leaves - Overview The leaf is the main photosynthetic organ of most vascular plants Leaves generally have a flattened blade Leaf Blade Petiole Shoot system and a stalk called the petiole - joins the leaf to node of the stem 10
11 Leaves Structure Leaves are several layers thick different cell types Key to labels Dermal Ground Vascular Cuticle Sclerenchyma fibers Stoma Upper epidermis Palisade mesophyll Spongy mesophyll Xylem Phloem Guard cells Vein Lower epidermis Cuticle Plant Organs: Leaves Leaf epidermis contains stomata - allow CO 2 exchange Stomata flanked by two guard cells, control open vs. closed Plant Organs: Leaves - Comparisons Monocots and dicots differ in the arrangement of veins, the vascular tissue of leaves Most dicots have branch-like veins and palmate leaf shape Monocots have parallel leaf veins and longer, slender blades 11
12 Tendrils Leaves Plants have modified leaves for various functions Spines Storage leaves Reproductive leaves Bracts Plant Classification Monocots vs. Dicots Basic categories of plants based on structure and function Plant Growth: Plant Growth 1) Indeterminate: Grow throughout life 2) Growth at tips (length) and at hips (girth) Growth patterns in plant: 1) Meristem Cells: Dividing Cells 2) Differentiated Cells: Cells specialized in structure & role Form stable, permanent part of plant 12
13 Plant Growth 1) Primary Growth: Apical Meristems: Mitotic cells at tips of roots / stems 1) Increased length 2) Specialized structures (e.g. fruits) length 2) Secondary Growth: Lateral Meristems: Mitotic cells hips of plant girth Responsible for increases in stem/root diameter Plant Growth in woody plants Two lateral meristems: vascular cambium and cork cambium Pith Primary xylem Vascular cambium Primary phloem Cortex Epidermis thicker, stronger stems Vascular Cambium: between primary xylem and phloem Plant Growth Stem Secondary Growth: Pith Primary xylem Vascular cambium Primary phloem Cortex Epidermis Vascular ray Secondary xylem Cork Secondary phloem First cork cambium Produces inside stem: A) Secondary xylem - moves H 2 O, inward B) Secondary phloem - moves sugars, outward 13
14 Vascular Cambium: Plant Growth Pith Primary xylem Vascular cambium Primary phloem Cortex Epidermis Vascular ray Secondary xylem Cork Secondary phloem First cork cambium Most recent cork cambium Cork Bark Layers of periderm Things To Do After Lecture 5 Reading and Preparation: 1. Re-read today s lecture, highlight all vocabulary you do not understand, and look up terms. 2. Ch. 35 Self-Quiz: #1, 3, 6, 7 (correct answers in back of book) 3. Read chapter 35, focus on material covered in lecture (terms, concepts, and figures!) 4. Skim next lecture. HOMEWORK (NOT COLLECTED but things to think about for studying): 1. Compare and contrast monocots and dicots. 2. List the different types of plant cells and describe which tissues and organs they make up, including roles for each organ. 3. Explain the difference between apical and lateral meristems and how growth occurs. 4. Discuss the composition of bark and it s function for plants (do all plants have this tissue?) 14
Plants have organs composed of different tissues, which in turn are composed of different cell types
Plant Structure, Growth, & Development Ch. 35 Plants have organs composed of different tissues, which in turn are composed of different cell types A tissue is a group of cells consisting of one or more
More informationLecture 7: Plant Structure and Function. I. Background
Lecture 7: Plant Structure and Function I. Background A. Challenges for terrestrial plants 1. Habitat is divided a. Air is the source of CO2 for photosynthesis i. Sunlight cannot penetrate soil b. Soil
More informationPlant Structure and Function Notes
For plants, when they made the transition from water to land, they had to make adaptations for obtaining water and prevent loss by desiccation (drying out) -water also needed for fertilization of eggs
More informationPlant Structure, Growth, and Development. Chapter 35
Plant Structure, Growth, and Development Chapter 35 PLANTS developmental plasticity = ability of plant to alter form to respond to environment Biological heirarchy Cell basic unit of life Tissue group
More informationPlant Classification, Structure, Growth and Hormones
Biology SAT II Review Sheet Plants Plant Classification, Structure, Growth and Hormones Multicellular autotrophs (organisms that use the energy of inorganic materials to produce organic materials) Utilize
More informationFlowers; Seeds enclosed in fruit
Name Class Date Chapter 22 Plant Diversity Section Review 22-1 Reviewing Key Concepts Short Answer On the lines provided, answer the following questions. 1. Describe the main characteristics of plants.
More informationBiology 3B Laboratory Land Plant Structure
Biology 3B Laboratory Land Plant Structure Objectives Learn and recognize the basic tissues and structures of land plants Understand how these morphological features relate to plant structure and function
More informationTransport in Plants. Lab Exercise 25. Introduction. Objectives
Lab Exercise Transport in Plants Objectives - Become familiar and be able to recognize the different types of cells found in the plant s vascular tissue. - Be able to describe root pressure and transpiration
More information1. The leaf is the main photosynthetic factory (Fig. 36.1, p. 702)
TRANSPORT IN PLANTS A. Introduction 1. The leaf is the main photosynthetic factory (Fig. 36.1, p. 702) a. This requires a transport system to move water and minerals from the roots to the leaf. This is
More informationChapter 36: Resource Acquisition & Transport in Vascular Plants
Chapter 36: Resource Acquisition & Transport in Vascular Plants 1. Overview of Transport in Plants 2. Transport of Water & Minerals 3. Transport of Sugars 1. Overview of Transport in Plants H 2 O CO 2
More informationLaboratory. Plant Structure
Laboratory 4 Plant Structure 2 Laboratory 4: Plant Structure OBJECTIVES After completing this lab you will be able to: 1. Differentiate between dicots and monocots within the following categories: a. root
More information8. Study the cladogram underline the derived characteristics and circle the organisms that developed from them.
Seed Plants: Gymnosperms and Angiosperms Answer the questions as you go through the power point, there are also paragraphs to read where you will need to hi-lite or underline as you read. 1. What are the
More informationBio Factsheet January 2001 Number 82
January 2001 Number 82 Transport in Flowering Plants This Factsheet covers the relevant AS syllabus content of the major examination boards. By studying this Factsheet candidates will gain a knowledge
More informationAnatomy and Physiology of Leaves
I. Leaf Structure and Anatomy Anatomy and Physiology of Leaves A. Structural Features of the Leaf Question: How do plants respire? Plants must take in CO 2 from the atmosphere in order to photosynthesize.
More informationLaboratory. Leaves: Specialized Plant Organs
Laboratory 5 Leaves: Specialized Plant Organs 1 Laboratory 1: Leaves OBJECTIVES After completing this lab you will be able to: 1. Describe and name leaf patterns 2. Identify the structural differences
More informationCELERY LAB - Structure and Function of a Plant
CELERY LAB - Structure and Function of a Plant READ ALL INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE BEGINNING! YOU MAY WORK WITH A PARTNER ON THIS ACTIVITY, BUT YOU MUST COMPLETE YOUR OWN LAB SHEET! Look at the back of this paper
More informationWHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN VASCULAR AND NON- VASCULAR PLANTS?
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN VASCULAR AND NON- VASCULAR PLANTS? Let s take a closer look. What makes them different on the outside and inside? Learning Intentions To understand how vascular plant cells
More informationPhotosynthesis. Chemical Energy (e.g. glucose) - They are the ultimate source of chemical energy for all living organisms: directly or indirectly.
Photosynthesis Light Energy transduction Chemical Energy (e.g. glucose) - Only photosynthetic organisms can do this (e.g. plants) - They are the ultimate source of chemical energy for all living organisms:
More informationTransport in Plants Notes AP Biology Mrs. Laux 3 levels of transport occur in plants: 1. Uptake of water and solutes by individual cells
3 levels of transport occur in plants: 1. Uptake of water and solutes by individual cells -for photosynthesis and respiration -ex: absorption of H 2 O /minerals by root hairs 2. Short distance cell-to-cell
More informationExchange and transport
Exchange and transport Examples of things which need to be interchanged between an organism and its environment include: Respiratory gases Nutrients Excretory products Heat This exchange can take place
More informationCELERY LAB - Structure and Function of a Plant
CELERY LAB - Structure and Function of a Plant READ ALL INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE BEGINNING! YOU MAY WORK WITH A PARTNER ON THIS ACTIVITY, BUT YOU MUST COMPLETE YOUR OWN LAB SHEET! Plants are incredible organisms!
More informationLab: Plant tissue systems and cell types
Lab: Plant tissue systems and cell types In this lab we will become familiar with the main types of plant cells and tissues. You ll look at cells in the ground tissue, dermal tissue and vascular tissue.
More information10B Plant Systems Guided Practice
10B Plant Systems Guided Practice Reproduction Station 1 1. Observe Plant A. Locate the following parts of the flower: stamen, stigma, style, ovary. 2. Draw and label the parts of a flower (listed above)
More informationLeaf Structure and Transpiration
10 LESSON Leaf Structure and Transpiration INTRODUCTION Have you wondered what happens to all that water that disappears from the reservoir of your growing system? Although some might have evaporated from
More informationAnatomical study on Vaccinium arctostaphylos L.
Department of Pharmacognosy 1, School of Pharmacy, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, and Faculty of Pharmacy 2, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Anatomical study on Vaccinium
More informationI. PLANT CELL, CELL WALL Bot 404--Fall 2004
I. PLANT CELL, CELL WALL Bot 404--Fall 2004 A. Review of General Anatomy 1. Major organs are stem, leaf, root. Flower is usually interpreted as a modified shoot, so sepals, petals, stamens and carpels
More informationBIOL 1030 TOPIC 5 LECTURE NOTES TOPIC 5: SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS (CH. 29)
TOPIC 5: SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS (CH. 29) I. Vascular Plants (overview) plants with xylem and phloem 7 or 9 living phyla, depending on who you talk to able to dominate most terrestrial habitats because
More informationUnit 10- Plants /Study Guide KEY
Plant Diversity Unit 10- Plants /Study Guide KEY Answer Key SECTION 20.1. ORIGINS OF PLANT LIFE 1. eukaryotic, photosynthetic, same types of chlorophyll, starch as storage product, cellulose in cell walls
More informationIGCSE and GCSE Biology. Answers to questions. Section 2. Flowering Plants. Chapters 6-9. Chapter 6 Plant structure and function
1 IGCSE and GCSE Biology. Answers to questions Section 2. Flowering Plants. Chapters 6-9 Chapter 6 Plant structure and function Page 54 1. a Epidermis. Helps maintain shape, reduces evaporation, resists
More informationWater movement in the xylem Water moves from roots to leaves through the xylem. But how? Hypotheses: 1. Capillary action - water will move upward in
Transport in Plants Two Transport Processes Occur in Plants 1. Carbohydrates carried from leaves (or storage organs) to where they are needed (from sources to sinks) 2. Water transported from roots to
More informationTranspiration. C should equal D.BUT SOMETIMES. 1. Loss in mass is greater than volume of water added.
Transpiration Transpiration is the loss of water by evaporation from the leaves through the stomata. The source of water for the plants is soil water. It is taken up by root hair cells by osmosis. Once
More informationAnd the Green Grass Grew All Around and Around, the Green Grass Grew All. Evolution of Plants
And the Green Grass Grew All Around and Around, the Green Grass Grew All Around Evolution of Plants Adapting to Terrestrial Living Plants are complex multicellular organisms that are autotrophs they feed
More informationPlant Structure and Function
Plant Structure and Function What You ll Learn You will describe and compare the major types of plant cells and tissues. You will identify and analyze the structure and functions of roots, stems, and leaves.
More informationCells, tissues and organs
Chapter 8: Cells, tissues and organs Cells: building blocks of life Living things are made of cells. Many of the chemical reactions that keep organisms alive (metabolic functions) take place in cells.
More informationIntroduction to Plants
Introduction to Plants Unity and Diversity of Life Q: What are the five main groups of plants, and how have four of these groups adapted to life on land? 22.1 What are of plants? WHAT I KNOW SAMPLE ANSWER:
More informationCelery Challenge: Investigating Water Movement in Plants
Celery Challenge: Investigating Water Movement in Plants Student s Guide In this module, you will think about transpiration, osmosis, and different cell types by trying to cause celery stalks to bend as
More informationVascular Plants Bryophytes. Seedless Plants
plant reproduction The Plants Vascular Plants Bryophytes Liverworts, Hornworts, Mosses lack roots and specialized tissues grow in moist, shady areas All have sieve cells and tracheids Seedless Plants Ferns
More information3) Transpiration creates a force that pulls water upward in. xylem. 2) Water and minerals transported upward form roots to shoots in.
3) Transpiration creates a force that pulls water upward in xylem Figure 36.1 An overview of transport in whole plants (Layer 1) Transport in plants 2) Water and minerals transported upward form roots
More informationPlant Responses to Environmental Cues Tropisms, Photoperiodism, and Plant Hormones
Plant Responses to Environmental Cues Tropisms, Photoperiodism, and Plant Hormones Plant Responses to Environmental Cues Phototropism - plant growth response to light shoots bend toward light - positive
More informationPhotosynthesis: Harvesting Light Energy
Photosynthesis: Harvesting Light Energy Importance of Photosynthesis A. Ultimate source of energy for all life on Earth 1. All producers are photosynthesizers 2. All consumers and decomposers are dependent
More information4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP. KEY CONCEPT All cells need chemical energy.
4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP KEY CONCEPT All cells need chemical energy. 4.1 Chemical Energy and ATP Molecules in food store chemical energy in their bonds. Starch molecule Glucose molecule The chemical
More informationTopic 3: Nutrition, Photosynthesis, and Respiration
1. Base your answer to the following question on the chemical reaction represented below and on your knowledge of biology. If this reaction takes place in an organism that requires sunlight to produce
More informationText for Transpiration Water Movement through Plants
Text for Transpiration Water Movement through Plants Tracy M. Sterling, Ph.D., 2004 Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Weed Science New Mexico State University tsterlin@nmsu.edu http://croptechnology.unl.edu
More informationGermination is the process in which a
The Germination Of a Bean Photographs and article By Lily C. Gerhardt LCG1603@rit.edu Germination is the process in which a seed, spore, or fungi sprouts, or begins growth. Seed germination can occur after
More informationTransport of Water and Solutes in Plants
OpenStax-CNX module: m44708 1 Transport of Water and Solutes in Plants OpenStax College This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 By the end
More informationBIO 311 Plant Structure and Development Lab Manual
BIO 311 Plant Structure and Development Lab Manual Dr. Alison Roberts Department of Biological Sciences University of Rhode Island Fall 2015 CONTENTS Laboratory schedule... 2 Lab 1 Introduction to plant
More informationFigure 1. Basic structure of the leaf, with a close up of the leaf surface showing Stomata and Guard cells.
BIOL100 Laboratory Assignment 3: Analysis of Stomata Name: Stomata (singular=stoma) are the respiratory control structures in plants (see Figure 1 below). They are essentially small holes in the surface
More informationPlants, like all other living organisms have basic needs: a source of nutrition (food),
LEARNING FROM LEAVES: A LOOK AT LEAF SIZE Grades 3 6 I. Introduction Plants, like all other living organisms have basic needs: a source of nutrition (food), water, space in which to live, air, and optimal
More informationPhotosynthesis and (Aerobic) Respiration. Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis and (Aerobic) Respiration These two processes have many things in common. 1. occur in organelles that seem to be descended from bacteria (endosymbiont theory): chloroplasts and mitochondria
More informationCHAPTER 2: BLOOD CIRCULATION AND TRANSPORT
CHAPTER 2: BLOOD CIRCULATION AND TRANSPORT BLOOD CIRCULATION AND TRANSPORT HUMAN BEING PLANTS Function of heart Wilting Structure of heart Blood vessels: characteristics and functions Transpiration: function
More informationAnimal Tissues. I. Epithelial Tissue
Animal Tissues There are four types of tissues found in animals: epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue. In this lab you will learn the major characteristics of each tissue
More informationGRADE 7: Life science 1. UNIT 7L.1 7 hours. Specialised cells. Resources. About this unit. Previous learning. Key vocabulary and technical terms
GRADE 7: Life science 1 Specialised cells UNIT 7L.1 7 hours About this unit This unit is the first of six units on life science for Grade 7. This unit is designed to guide your planning and teaching of
More informationTREE STRUCTURE AND BIOLOGY
TREE STRUCTURE AND BIOLOGY Introduction. Sarasota County lies along a transient tension zone line. In this region, climate cycles cause periods of warmer weather, when normally tropical trees find their
More informationExemplar for Internal Achievement Standard. Biology Level 2
Exemplar for internal assessment resource Biology for Achievement Standard 91160 Exemplar for Internal Achievement Standard Biology Level 2 This exemplar supports assessment against: Achievement Standard
More informationLAB 24 Transpiration
Name: AP Biology Lab 24 LAB 24 Transpiration Objectives: To understand how water moves from roots to leaves in terms of the physical/chemical properties of water and the forces provided by differences
More informationImpressions of a Stoma
Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens Impressions of a Stoma Overview Students use two different methods to view stomata on the underside of leaves. Introduction Plants exchange the
More informationPlant Parts. Background Information
Purpose The purpose of this lesson is for students to learn the six basic plant parts and their functions. Time Teacher Preparation: 30 minutes Student Activity: 60 minutes Materials For the teacher demonstration:
More informationComparing Plant And Animal Cells
Comparing Plant And Animal Cells http://khanacademy.org/video?v=hmwvj9x4gny Plant Cells shape - most plant cells are squarish or rectangular in shape. amyloplast (starch storage organelle)- an organelle
More informationHistology. Epithelial Tissue
Histology Epithelial Tissue Epithelial Tissue Lines internal and external body surfaces Forms glands Epithelial Tissue Little extracellular matrix Attached on one side Avascular Basement membrane Apical
More informationIntroduction to the Cell: Plant and Animal Cells
Introduction to the Cell: Plant and Animal Cells Tissues, Organs, and Systems of Living Things Cells, Cell Division, and Animal Systems and Plant Systems Cell Specialization Human Systems All organisms
More informationFunctional Biology of Plants
Brochure More information from http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/2252012/ Functional Biology of Plants Description: Functional Biology of Plants provides students and researchers with a clearly
More informationCells. Introduction WSBCTC 1
Cells Cells are the fundamental unit of life. All living things are composed of cells. While there are several characteristics that are common to all cells, such as the presence of a cell membrane, cytoplasm,
More information(K-5) A scientist keeps a notebook to record his/her process (experiences, observations, and thinking).
FIFTH GRADE Science Curriculum Framework 1 Investigations will be integrated with social studies and mathematics where appropriate. 2 Investigations will be integrated with language arts non-fiction reading,
More informationThe chemical energy used for most cell processes is carried by ATP.
4.1 CHEMICAL ENERGY AND ATP Study Guide KEY CONCEPT All cells need chemical energy. VOCABULARY ATP ADP chemosynthesis MAIN IDEA: The chemical energy used for most cell processes is carried by ATP. 1. What
More informationCells & Cell Organelles
Cells & Cell Organelles The Building Blocks of Life H Biology Types of cells bacteria cells Prokaryote - no organelles Eukaryotes - organelles animal cells plant cells Cell size comparison Animal cell
More informationThe Cell: Organelle Diagrams
The Cell: Organelle Diagrams Fig 7-4. A prokaryotic cell. Lacking a true nucleus and the other membrane-enclosed organelles of the eukaryotic cell, the prokaryotic cell is much simpler in structure. Only
More informationAGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Vol. I - Transport of Water and Nutrients in Plants - W.E. Riedell, T.E. Schumacher TRANSPORT OF WATER AND NUTRIENTS IN PLANTS
TRANSPORT OF WATER AND NUTRIENTS IN PLANTS W.E. Riedell Plant Physiologist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Brookings, South Dakota, USA T.E. Schumacher Professor, Plant
More informationb. What is/are the overall function(s) of photosystem II?
Use your model and the information in Chapter 10 of Biology, 7th edition, to answer the questions. 1. The various reactions in photosynthesis are spatially segregated from each other within the chloroplast.
More informationAS Biology Unit 2 Key Terms and Definitions. Make sure you use these terms when answering exam questions!
AS Biology Unit 2 Key Terms and Definitions Make sure you use these terms when answering exam questions! Chapter 7 Variation 7.1 Random Sampling Sampling a population to eliminate bias e.g. grid square
More informationBeth Campbell Western Michigan University Senior, College of Education. April, 2006
Beth Campbell Western Michigan University Senior, College of Education April, 2006 Participant in Research Experience for Teachers (RET) Workshop at Western Michigan University 2005-06 Academic Year But
More information2. Which type of macromolecule contains high-energy bonds and is used for long-term energy storage?
Energy Transport Study Island 1. During the process of photosynthesis, plants use energy from the Sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. These products are, in turn, used by the
More informationCellular Energy. 1. Photosynthesis is carried out by which of the following?
Cellular Energy 1. Photosynthesis is carried out by which of the following? A. plants, but not animals B. animals, but not plants C. bacteria, but neither animals nor plants D. all living organisms 2.
More informationGrowth of Pasture Plants
Growth of Pasture Plants 3 GREG J. BISHOP-HURLEY In a grazing situation it is important to understand both how plants function and their form and structure. Every plant growth response is caused by a series
More informationBiology 172L General Biology Lab II Lab 03: Plant Life Cycles and Adaptations II: Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
Biology 172L General Biology Lab II Lab 03: Plant Life Cycles and Adaptations II: Gymnosperms and Angiosperms Introduction Vascular seed-bearing plants, such as gymnosperms (cone-bearing plants) and angiosperms
More information2- The Top and bottom of the leaf is covered by thin layer of cells called epidermis that allow sunlight to easily pass into the middle of the leaf.
Final exam summary sheet Topic 5, lesson 2 How leaf is adapted to carry on photosynthesis? 1- Waxy layer called the cuticle cover the leaf slow the water loss. 2- The Top and bottom of the leaf is covered
More informationnucleus cytoplasm membrane wall A cell is the smallest unit that makes up living and nonliving things.
1 In nature there are living things and nonliving things. Living things depend on three basic life processes: nutrition, sensitivity and reproduction. Living things are made up of cells. 1. Match the two
More informationOsseous Tissue & Structure. The skeletal system includes: Storage of minerals: calcium salts
Chapter 15 Lecture The Skeletal System: Osseous Tissue & Skeletal Structure The Skeletal System The skeletal system includes: Bones, cartilages, ligaments Bone tissue = osseous tissue Includes living cells
More informationThe content assessed by the examination papers and the type of questions are unchanged.
www.xtremepapers.com Location Entry Codes From the June 2007 session, as part of CIE s continual commitment to maintaining best practice in assessment, CIE has begun to use different variants of some question
More informationFigure 1: Seagrass structural detail. Differences in leaf shapes, leaf sheaths etc. are characteristics for taxonomic distinction.
Marine Angiosperms There are a wide variety of marine angiosperms some, such an the mangals, saltmarsh grasses and seagrasses that will either partly or entirely submerged (or submerged dependent on the
More informationBIOL 305L Laboratory Two
Please print Full name clearly: Introduction BIOL 305L Laboratory Two Osmosis, because it is different in plants! Osmosis is the movement of solvent molecules through a selectively permeable membrane into
More informationCell and Membrane Practice. A. chromosome B. gene C. mitochondrion D. vacuole
Name: ate: 1. Which structure is outside the nucleus of a cell and contains N?. chromosome. gene. mitochondrion. vacuole 2. potato core was placed in a beaker of water as shown in the figure below. Which
More informationPlant Parts and Their Function
Science Unit: Lesson 6: Plants Plant Parts and Their Function School year: 2004/2005 Developed for: Developed by: Grade level: Duration of lesson: Queen Alexandra Elementary School, Vancouver School District
More informationCells and Systems Unit 2 Test
Cells and Systems Unit 2 Test Student Name Class 1. Characteristics of living organisms include all of the following, EXCEPT... A. they need energy and produce wastes B. they reproduce and grow C. they
More informationProkaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Lab 2- Bio 201 Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Name: OBJECTIVES To explore cell structure and morphology in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. To gain more experience using the microscope, and in particular,
More informationpathway that involves taking in heat from the environment at each step. C.
Study Island Cell Energy Keystone Review 1. Cells obtain energy by either capturing light energy through photosynthesis or by breaking down carbohydrates through cellular respiration. In both photosynthesis
More informationTwo succulent leaf tips are exposed above ground; the rest of the plant lives below ground
Resource Acquisition, Transport, & Plant Nutrition Ch s. 36 & 37 Stone plants (Lithops) are adapted to life in the desert Two succulent leaf tips are exposed above ground; the rest of the plant lives below
More informationPlant and Animal Cells
Plant and Animal Cells a. Explain that cells take in nutrients in order to grow, divide and to make needed materials. S7L2a b. Relate cell structures (cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, and
More informationWriting a Dichotomous Key to Wildflowers
Writing a Dichotomous Key to Wildflowers Objectives: 1. Understand how to use and make dichotomous keys. 2. Understand common terminology of plant morphology. 3. Learn to recognize some fall wildflowers.
More informationAnatomy of Grapevine Winter Injury and Recovery
Anatomy of Grapevine Winter Injury and Recovery Martin C. Goffinet Cornell University Department of Horticultural Sciences NY State Agricultural Experiment Station Geneva, NY 14456 Date: 28 February 2004
More informationFifth Grade Cells: Structures and Processes Assessment
Fifth Grade Cells: Structures and Processes Assessment 1a. All living things are made up of. a. cells b. tissues c. organisms d. systems 1b. All living things are made up of. 1c. Explain what cells are
More informationVIII. PLANTS AND WATER
VIII. PLANTS AND WATER Plants play a large role in the hydrologic cycle. Transpiration, the evaporative loss of water from leaves of natural and cultivated vegetation, returns to the atmosphere about 60
More informationRoots and Stems and Leaves, Oh My!
Roots and Stems and Leaves, Oh My! Objectives 1. The student will be able to identify parts of a plant. 2. The student will understand the function of plant parts. Grade Level 1-3 4-6 TEKS: 1.6B, 2.6C;
More informationOBJECTIVES PROCEDURE. Lab 2- Bio 160. Name:
Lab 2- Bio 160 Name: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells OBJECTIVES To explore cell structure and morphology in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. To gain more experience using the microscope. To obtain a better
More informationOur American Trees by Robert C. Birkby
North arolina Testing Program Our merican Trees by Robert. irkby The largest and oldest living things on earth are trees. Over a thousand kinds grow in the United States, and thousands more flourish in
More informationHow Trees Grow in the Urban Environment 1
CIR1093 1 Mary L. Duryea and Marlene M. Malavasi2 Background What happens to a birdhouse if you hang it on a tree and come back in two years? Will it be at the same height or out of your reach because
More informationLaboratory Broadleaf Weed Identification
1 Tips for Identifying Broadleaf Weeds Laboratory Broadleaf Weed Identification The cotyledon is an important identifying characteristic for broadleaf weeds. Shape and position of leaves, presence of pubescence
More informationPaper 1 Answer all questions. Each question is followed by four options, A, B, C and D. For each question, choose one answer only
hapter 19 lood irculation and Transport Paper 1 nswer all questions. Each question is followed by four options,,, and. For each question, choose one answer only 1. Type of blood cell P Q R Function Protects
More informationQuestion. Which of the following are necessary in order for photosynthesis to occur? A. water B. light energy C. carbon dioxide D.
Photosynthesis is the process through which plants convert light energy to chemical energy in order to produce food The energy involved in photosynthesis is eventually stored in the chemical bonds of molecules
More informationANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES. (a) A - liver; 1 B -brain; 1 C - heart; 1 D - lung; 1 E - kidney; 1. (b) (i) E/kidney; 1. (ii) C/heart; 1.
QUESTIONSHEET 1 A - liver; 1 B -brain; 1 C - heart; 1 D - lung; 1 E - kidney; 1 (b) (i) E/kidney; 1 C/heart; 1 (iii) B/brain; 1 (iv) D/lungs; 1 QUESTIONSHEET 2 (i) artery; 1 eye; 1 (iii) stomach; 1 (iv)
More informationPhenology. Phenology and Growth of Grapevines. Vine Performance
Phenology and Growth of Grapevines Ker 2007 1 Soil Depth Texture Water and nutrient supply Climate Radiation Temperature Humidity Windspeed Rainfall Evaporation Cultural decisions Vine density Scion and
More information