Mexican perspective on the International REDD+ Process. Annual Meeting

Transcription

1 Mexican perspective on the International REDD+ Process Annual Meeting 24 de septiembre, 2012

2 Small recap on REDD+ decisions CANCÚN AGREEMENTS (COP16) / DECISIÓN 1/CP.16 A decision on REDD-plus was adopted together with a package of decisions as part of the Cancun Agreements (Decision 1/CP.16) Developing countries are encouraged to contribute to mitigation actions in the forest sector (or otherwise known as REDD-plus) through: 1. Reducing emissions from deforestation; 2. Reducing emissions from forest degradation; 3. Conservation of forest carbon stocks; 4. Sustainable management of forests; 5. Enhancement of forest carbon stocks Decision provided guiding principles and safeguards for the implementation of these activities 1. Policy coherence 2. Social 3. Environmental 4. Integrity of the mechanism

3 Entry tickets for REDD+ 1. A national strategy or action plan Addressing drivers of deforestation and forest degradation, land tenure issues, forest governance issues, gender considerations and safeguards 2. A national forest reference emission level and/or forest reference level (subnational only as an interim measure) 3. A national forest monitoring system for the monitoring and reporting of activities 1. A system for providing information on how the safeguards referred to in Appendix I are being addressed and respected Policy consistency Respect rights of indigenous peoples and local communities Full and effective participation Consistent with conservation of natural forests & biodiversity Actions toaddress risks of reversals Actions to reduce displacement of emissions

4 Further guidance required and other issues Decision 1/CP16 Progress in Durban SBSTA 36 / Bangkok Perspectives for Doha Financing options for full implementation of results based actions LCA by COP17 Mechanisms (Registry, GCF) Identify activities and methodological issues to estimate results (Drivers) SBSTA by COP18 Consider views of Parties Modalities for Reference (Emission) Levels SBSTA by COP17 12/CP.17 As Benchmark, Consistent, tco2eq/year, submissions, step-wise approach, assessment Guidance on the assessment Guidance and process for technical assessment Modalities for Forest Monitoring Systems SBSTA by COP17 Consider views of Parties Guidance on systems for providing information on how safeguards are being addressed and respected SBSTA by COP17 12/CP.17 Country driven, existing systems, periodic, Timing of first presentation / additional guidance Modalities for Monitoring, Reporting and Verifying emissions and removals. SBSTA by COP17 Pending

5 Other negotiation processes Convention on Biological Diversity will: Provide advice including on the application of relevant safeguards for biodiversity, without preempting UNFCCC decisions. FCPF REDD+ SES UNREDD Useful to have coherence across fora, but potentially offsets balance in the negotiations and adds complexity.

6 Key issue: Results-based financing Financing: Facilitaror of LCA-WG requested views on 1. Different sources of finance a. Public funds b. Specialized REDD plus funds or funding windows established by the Green Climate fund under the COP c. Existing mulitlateral and bilateral channels d. Market based mechanisms e. A flexible combination of funds and market based sources f. Any new financing options identified

7 Guiding Principles Issues under discussion Enabling conditions Signal Additional issues What is meant by results-based actions? How to advance in understanding the plus part of REDD+? Options on institutional arrangements which are not mutually exclusive (GCF, LCA s markets mechanisms, REDD Units/Credits, Registry, REDD-Plus Board, Carbon Reserve Bank, UNFCCC Review Body) Credit for early action? Should UNFCCC provide guidance for private sector participation? How to catalyze their involvement? Whether results-based payments should go beyond carbon benefits Clarification of the Joint Adaptation and Mitigation mechanism Views of markets are still very diverse (yes, no, maybe)

8 General mood & challenges Readiness efforts are making some countries be more pragmatic Even progress in finance & other components is essential to prevent negotiator block Still uncertain how Green Climate Fund would support REDD, which could give some assurance As some architectural aspects are beyond REDD the negotiation becomes more challenging Subnational implementation still source of discussion, but clearly grounded and bounded in Cancún Decisions.

9 A number of initiatives have been deployed to support REDD+ Efforts Plus multiple bilateral arrangements. Standards (e.g. VCS JRNI)

10 UNFCCC Review Body Approves crediting of REDD+ Units REDD Report SBSTA provides Guidance on Report SBSTA provides Guidance on Registry UNFCCC REDD+ Registry SBI provides Guidance on pricing Climate Green Fund (ensure sufficient funding) $/REDD units Other sources (incl. markets) Domestic REDD+ Mechanism Information System for safeguards Reference levels (national and/or subnational including location) MRV National REDD+ Registry (a) (transferability contitions) Guarrantee mechanism (Reserves, Insurance, others) National Financial mechanism for REDD+ National or subnational activities (a) to account for the verified emission reductions and carbon stock enhancements hold, transferred or canceled ( REDD+ units, equal to one ton of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e)

11 REDD Financing cycle REDD Planning and Readiiness Evaluate performance / lessons learned Demonstration activities Results-based financing (MRV d) Implement / Scale up

12 REDD+ Financing windows REDD Planning and Readiiness Evaluate performance / lessons learned Demonstration activities Results-based financing (MRV d) Implement / Scale up

13 Elephant in the Room: Scale up implementation REDD Planning and Readiiness Climate Investment Funds Evaluate performance / lessons learned Demonstration activities Results-based financing (MRV d) Implement / Scale up? - Public funds - Loans - Risk carbon capital - Non-carbon investment opportunities

14