Rock type: Formation Environment: Description:
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1 (and rare igneous rocks) High grade metamorphism of minerals in mudstone, granite, or basalt Nonmetallic luster. Dodecahedron form, red (sometimes), glassy, conchoidal fracture, H=7. Garnet (and rare igneous rocks) High grade metamorphism of minerals in mudstone, granite, or basalt Nonmetallic luster. Dodecahedron form, red (sometimes), glassy, conchoidal fracture, H=7. Garnet High pressure subduction of minerals in basalt Nonmetallic luster. Blue, flexible blades. Kyanite
2 Hydrothermal metamorphism of minerals in granite, basalt, and others Nonmetallic luster. H=7. Green. Striated crystal faces. Massive Epidote Mineral in igneous rocks Solidification. of felsic magmas. Retained in metamorphism. Nonmetallic luster. Subparallel exsolution lamellae. 2 cleavages at 90. Pink or white color. H = 6. No twinning. Potassium Feldspar Mineral in igneous rock Solidification. of all magmas. Retained in metamorphism. Nonmetallic luster. Twinning. 2 cleavages at 90. H = 6. Plagioclase Feldspar
3 Low grade metamorphism of mudstones and basalts. Nonmetallic luster. Green, thin needles. Actinolite Mineral in igneous rocks Solidification. of felsic igneous rocks rich in fluids (pegmatites) including fluorine. Nonmetallic luster. Cubic or octahedral form. 4 directions of cleavage. Triangular faces. Rainbow luster in places. Fluorite Mineral in igneous rocks Solidification. of felsic igneous rocks rich in fluids (pegmatites) including fluorine. Nonmetallic luster. Cubic or octahedral form. 4 directions of cleavage. Triangular faces. Rainbow luster in places. Fluorite
4 Mineral in igneous and metamorphic Rocks Solidification. of intermediate composition magmas. Retained and produced in high grade metamorphism Nonmetallic luster. H=5.5. Dark green or black. 2 cleavages at 60 & 120. Splintery fracture. Long prisms. Hornblende Source of picture Mineral in igneous and metamorphic rocks Solidification of mafic composition magmas. Nonmetallic luster. H=5.5. Dark green or black. 2 cleavages at 90. (Looks like HB.) Pyroxene K. Wiese Mineral in sedimentary and metamorphic rocks Chemically precipitated evaporate or recrystallized shells/reef + retained and formed in metamorphism of rocks with calcium Nonmetallic luster. Bubbles in HCL. Double refraction (2 images visible through clear sample). Rhombs, 3 cleavage planes (not 90 ), H=3. Calcite
5 Mineral in sedimentary and metamorphic rocks Chemically precipitated evaporate or recrystallized shells/reef + retained and formed in metamorphism of rocks with calcium Nonmetallic luster. Bubbles in HCL. Double refraction (2 images visible through clear sample). Rhombs, 3 cleavage planes (not 90 ), H=3. Calcite Metamorphism of serpentinite high pressure, high fluids subduction zone. Nonmetallic luster. Feels greasy or soapy. H=1. Opaque. Not metallic.. Feels greasy or soapy. H=1. Opaque. Not metallic. Talc Mineral found in metamorphic rock s Low grade metamorphism of clays and micas (mudstones and basalts). Nonmetallic luster. Green, nonflexible sheets. Very small flakes. Chlorite
6 Mineral in igneous and metamorphic rocks Solidification of intermediate and felsic magmas. Low to medium to high grade metamorphism of clays. Nonmetallic luster. 1 flexible cleavage plane (sheet), dark colored; brown streak. Biotite Source of picture Mineral in igneous rocks Solidification of felsic magmas. Nonmetallic luster. 1 flexible cleavage plane (sheet), light colored; white streak. Muscovite K. Wiese Mineral in sedimentary rocks Oxidation of iron in presence of water during chemical weathering at Earth s surface. Metallic luster (+ earthy red). Red streak. Metallic + nonmetallic. Earthy red. Hematite Mineral found in igneous rock s. Solidifcation of all magmas (any conversation). Metallic luster. Attracted to a magnet. SG=5.2. No cleavage. Magnetite
7 Hydrothermal metamorphism of rocks rich in sulfur (and with low oxygen content). Metallic luster. Cubic form, brassy color, and SG=5. Pyrite Mineral found in metamorphic rock Burial and metamorphism of organic material part of hydrocarbon/petroleum formation. Metallic luster. Dark grey. H=1. Greasy. Dark grey streak. Graphite Hydrothermal metamorphism of rocks rich in sulfur (and with low oxygen content). Metallic. SG=8! Silver cubes (form and cleavage). Galena
8 Mineral in igneous rock Solidification underground of felsic magmas especially pegmatites (last-stage magmas rich in gases and fluids). Nonmetallic. H=9. Barrel-shaped, flatend hexagons. Corundum Mineral found in all rocks Solidification of felsic magmas. Cemented beach sands. Recrystallization of silicashelled diatoms and radiolaria. Retained in metamorphic rocks. Nonmetallic luster. Glassy, conchoidal fracture, H=7. Hex. prism with pointed end. Quartz Source of picture Mineral found in all rocks Solidification of felsic magmas. Cemented beach sands. Recrystallization of silicashelled diatoms and radiolaria. Retained in metamorphic rocks. Nonmetallic luster. Glassy, conchoidal fracture, H=7. Hex. prism with pointed end. Quartz K. Wiese Minerals in sedimentary rock Shallow super-salty ponds in hot dry regions where evaporation rates are high Nonmetallic luster. Transparent to translucent soft enough to scratch with a fingernail. H=2. 1 cleavage plane. Translucent. Gypsum (Calcium Sulfate) -- Evaporite
9 Mineral found in igneous rocks Solidification. of ultramafic and mafic magmas Nonmetallic luster. Green, conchoidal fracture, glassy, H=7. Usually granular. Not a hexagonal crystal. Green, small crystals often as grains, glassy, transparent to transclucent, conchoidal fracture. Olivine Minerals in sedimentary rock Shallow super-salty ponds in hot dry regions where evaporation rates are high Nonmetallic luster. Salty taste. H=2.5. Cubic form and cleavage. Halite (Sodium Chloride) Evaporite Mineral found in metamorphic rock Hydrothermal metamorphism of mantle rock under a seafloor spreading center Mottled green color -- Smooth, slick sides - - Looks like squished watermelon seeds Mottled green color. Smooth, curved surfaces. No cleavage. H>2.- Serpentinite
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