MANUKA JUST PART OF THE STORY NEW ZEALAND APICULTURE INDUSTRY
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1 MANUKA JUST PART OF THE STORY NEW ZEALAND APICULTURE INDUSTRY
2 SOME BACKGROUND The Honey Bee is an introduced species, it is not native to NZ Commercial beekeeping developed in the early 1900 s Beehive numbers grew substantially after the second world war By the late 1990 s beekeeping numbers peaked at 5000, the majority being hobbyist (as it is today) Hive numbers sat at 300,000 Role as a key pollinator recognised (clover set = nitrogen)
3 Main honey crop was pastoral clover Honey prices were below $2.00 per kilo Consumption domestically 6000MT per annum Other key nectar crops pasture floral and NZ natives - Kamahi, Rewarewa, Pohutukawa and later Manuka. The only non floral crop Beech Honeydew Bee habitat was assisted by traditional sheep and beef farming practise, shelter belts and gorse hedges
4 INDUSTRY OVERVIEW 31 JANUARY 2016 Registered beekeepers 6464 Non Commercial (Up to 50 hives) 5592 Semi Commercial (51 to 250 hives) 424 Commercial (Greater than 250 hives) Registered hives 620,989 Non Commercial (Up to 50 hives) 29,030 Semi Commercial (51 to 250 hives) 49,822 Commercial (Greater than 250 hives) 542,137
5 IN BRIEF Where industry sits: Non Commercial beekeepers = 86.5% Semi Commercial beekeepers = 6.5% Commercial beekeepers = 7.0% Over 1200 new registrations to date this year The commercial sector own 87.3% of all hive holdings Crop estimate for the 2015/6 season 19,000 MT Crop estimate per hive 32 kilos Industry direct revenue estimate - $550 million
6 MANAGEMENT & DISEASE CHALLENGES The Varroa Mite first detected in 2000 Totally unexpected - Industry and MAF unprepared, no management tool available Containment lines drawn but prove ineffective Miticide treatment the only effective management tool to date Year 2006 Varroa mite found in Nelson Quickly becomes established - reaches Bluff around 2012 Beekeeper numbers have fallen to 2600, hive numbers static 300,000. Cost to NZ Apiculture, Agriculture and Horticulture estimated at $25 million per annum
7 The Varroa Mite
8 American Foulbrood disease National Management plan in place, total industry participation Most successful in world today, no drug policy Disease levels extremely low, reliant on vigilance and constant hive monitoring Destruction by fire, not negotiable Education based programme, beekeepers must pass test to hold Disease Elimination Certificate (DECA) Legal requirement that all beekeepers must be registered Legal requirement to register all sites where honey is collected Only exception is pollination sites (30 day rule applies)
9 WEBSITE Goal is a One Stop Shop What is Included Symptoms AFB Disease Inspection Disease Diagnosis Dealing with Hives and Equipment Legal Requirements Take the 5 Minute Quiz Training Courses What is Coming Sale and Purchase Agreement (Downloadable) Dedicated Hobbyist Corner On - Line Training
10 Nosema Apis & Ceranae Gut parasites which severely impact bee health More prevalent in moist wet warm conditions when bees are unable to exit the hive Lotmaria Passim Another recently discovered gut parasite, effects can be very severe, hive losses have ben very high in affected regions Greatest risks resistance to varroa treatments and inability to manage this pest Imported honey & bee products carrying new pests & disease
11 OTHER IMPACTS A serious change to the footprint of NZ farming Loss of traditional foraging resources & diversity Particularly pollen gorse, broom, willow Removal of shelter belts and hedge-ways Monoculture farming practices create sterile environment which is often hostile to the honey bee Over stocking in key production areas
12 THE POLLINATOR The honey bee pollinates 80% of all agriculture and horticulture floral plants Other pollinators include - moths, flies, native bees, bats, birds, bumble bees and some vertebrates The floral resource determines which pollinator is most effective, and at what time of the day Most native floral plants, including Manuka pre arrival of the honey bee where pollinated by small native bees, native insects, native bats and birds, for example the Tui and the Kowhai
13 THE POLLINATOR IN ACTION
14 In horticulture today the honey bee is the principle pollinator Crops include Kiwifruit, Pip fruit, Stone fruit, Berries value $1 billion plus at market In agriculture, commercial small seed - carrots, beets, brassicas and clover. Other crops - squash, pumpkin and other vegetables $150 million market value and growing Greatest value is to grassland farming systems and the pollination of pasture clover for nitrogen regeneration $4 Billion plus The honey bee is a primary tool on farm or orchard, there is no other option available that can undertake this work and deliver results on a commercial scale
15 HIGH COUNTRY VALUE WHITE CLOVER
16 BIOSECURITY AND THE HONEY BEE NZ totally dependent on food exports to support economy, biosecurity is crucial. One mistake can jeopardise an industry - Kiwifruit and PSA. PSA was the result of a poorly managed Import Health Standard PSA discovery coincides with new bee disease, Nosema Ceranae and later Lotmaria Passim same place, same time? Imported pollen can contain bacteria & pests, was this the vector - will we ever know? - once the biosecurity gate is open trouble is not far away
17 Honey imports simply courting disaster Does our need for trade compromise the protection of industry from biosecurity risk Does our use of imported feed products place industry at risk Is Myrtle Rust and Manuka the next PSA for Apiculture What is the decision making process and how do we influence common-sense outcomes Government & Industry Agreements (GIA) will this be tool that gives apiculture a say? How would we manage if bee losses reach 35% per annum what impact on agriculture and horticulture
18 What is the impact of total bee loss is it true that the world would begin to starve in just four years Pollen is the vitamins and minerals, nectar is the energy and sustenance of a bee colony, if you lose one element the hive is nutritionally weakened and will not survive. Take action replace lost pollen resources! Trees for Bees is an industry initiative, you can make a difference
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22 MANUKA & THE TARANAKI DISTRICT Some key points to consider. Biology. Manuka plants flower every year from about 18 months onwards Manuka nectar is not always produced, it needs the right conditions, wet feet and weekly rain in moderation and not too much wind as the flower is susceptible to wind damage Warm conditions benefit the bees foraging activities, winds best below 25Km unless the hives are in sheltered sites in close proximity to Manuka stands a sudden cold snap will deplete foraging bee workforce and can shut off the nectar flow Hive density 1 hive per hectare, not per metre!!
23 MANUKA FLOWER
24 BEE WORKING THE MANUKA FLOWER
25 THE MOUNTAIN & WEATHER On the positive it is colder so the Manuka flowering is later than other North Island regions On the negative too cold no nectar production, bees activity is limited Challenge consistency year to year is fickle, can be feast or famine Potential for crop failure is real Any partnership arrange between beekeeper and landowner needs to factor in potential wins and losses Recommended option is crop share rather than set site fee as it avoids financial stress and relationship failures 40/30/30 rule simple but balanced
26 HIGH COUNTRY MANUKA FLOW
27 LAND OWNER BEEKEEPER PARTNERSHIP The honey bee is a valuable pollination service on farm, benefits exceed site rental fees in real $$ terms Nitrogen value from white clover seed set is massive Permanent sites rather than seasonal sites are critical as hive numbers continue to increase Pollen resources needs the hive consumes 21 to 25 kgs per year, particularly in the spring and autumn Overstocking will affect the native bee population, invertebrate life and other beneficiaries of our eco system Overstocking will mean low honey production and no surplus honey stores the hive consumes 90% of all nectar collected
28 GOOD SITES ARE A KEY DECISION
29 IMMEDIATE & FUTURE CHALLENGES 50% of all beekeepers have less than 3 years industry experience Hive numbers are increasing rapidly, concerns over quality of bee stock, queen loss, management practises, disease management Education is a critical element, how do we create best outcomes and deliver knowledge across the industry Industry unification a work in progress which currently inhibits best practice delivery Rise in illegal activities - hive theft, honey theft, unauthorised entry to property and farmland Influx of inexperienced people entering the industry How many hives are enough
30 IMMEDIATE & FUTURE CHALLENGES Lack of reinvestment in Apiculture science & research are there other honey varietal opportunities Monoculture agriculture and horticulture is expanding Monoculture honey production will this work? Ignoring climate and climate change when determining farm management practises Ignoring international competition, what about Australia and their Manuka industry Price stability how do we level off rather than blow out At what point does production exceed demand How do we establish a balanced market without destroying potential for further growth How does industry work together rather than in isolation
31 WORKING TOGETHER This means landowner, beekeeper & marketer Plan good flat easy access apiary sites warm and north facing Consider good nutrition, plan good pollen resources Avoid monoculture plantings, develop diversity Plan for good pollination outcomes clover & nitrogen Plan long-term for permanent apiary sites Upskill and educate knowledge is a critical tool If you remove a pollen resource, plant an alternative Plant non productive or low productivity land areas Include pond perimeters and stream boundaries
32 Seek multifunctional support plants where able grazing potential etc. Seek to add value the environment, the sustainability of farm outputs and international market perception Lastly at all times focus on bee health, you cannot replace this work force if it is lost Education and understanding Join your fellow industry stakeholders at the Apiculture NZ National Conference 2016, Rotorua 19 th to 21 st June.
33 APICULTURE NEW ZEALAND NATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016 ROTORUA - 19 TH TO 21 ST JUNE Online registrations are open now Excellent programme of seminars & workshops International & Domestic Speakers Large Trade & Exhibition Centre Industry Good Stands Gala Dinner & Celebration Knowledge starts here..
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