Embedded Systems 1 Syllabus

Transcription

1 Embedded Systems 1 Syllabus Microcontroller Architecture Basic CPU and computer system architecture Microcontroller vs Microprocessor 8051 Microcontroller Architecture 8051 pin functions 8051 register and memory organisation 8051 timers, serial port and interrupt operation Assembly Language Programming Instruction set and addressing modes Programming the 8051 peripherals Assembler directives Development Tools Embedded Systems Introduction

2 Syllabus (cont) 8051 Interfacing Keypads and displays Switches and LEDs DC and stepper motors ADC, DAC External memory Memory mapped I/O I/O Port Expansion Address decoding Embedded Systems Introduction

3 Assessment Exam 60% CA 40% Weekly lab work Lab exams Mini-project Note Both the exam and CA work are fail elements i.e. if you fail a fail element you fail the module Fail element pass mark is 30% Embedded Systems Introduction

4 8051 Handouts from class Recommended Reading The 8051 microcontroller : architecture, programming and applications, Kenneth J. Ayala, West Publishing The 8051 cookbook for Assembly and C, S. Yeralan, Rigel Press The 8051 family of microcontrollers, Richard H. Barnett, Prentice Hall The 8051 microcontroller, I. Scott MacKenzie, Prentice Hall Useful Websites module web page Contains lectures, lab material, tutorials and reference material - good 8051 tutorial development tools (free evaluation version) Embedded Systems Introduction

5 Computer Architecture Parallel I/O Serial I/O CPU Program Memory Data Memory I/O Interface Data Bus Address Bus Control Bus Embedded Systems Introduction

6 Computer Architecture CPU Control unit ALU (Arithmetic and Logic Unit) Registers Program Memory Stores application code and constants Data Memory Stores variables used by application Input/Output (I/O) Interface Interface to external peripherals Serial peripherals e.g. GSM MODEM, GPS receiver Parallel peripherals e.g. ADC, DAC, Displays Embedded Systems Introduction

7 Microprocessor vs Microcontroller Microprocessor Main purpose - data processing CPU, clock circuit, interrupt circuit, registers + Cache Additional components - (peripherals) needed e.g. memory, I/O, timers etc Very fast clock (high MIPS) up to 3.4GHz Large word size (typically 32 or 64 bit) High-end applications PC s, Workstations Mobile Phones Microcontroller Single chip solution - Incorporates peripherals: eg: ROM, RAM, timers, parallel & serial I/O. Most instructions deal with movement of data within the microcontroller. Slower clock - max 50MHz Smaller word size typically 8 or 16 bit (up to 32 bit) Lower cost than microprocessors A system can be built using few external IC s Embedded Systems Introduction

8 Microprocessor (CPU) Architecture Most instructions involve movement of data external to the microprocessor chip Control unit controls movement of data into, out of and around the microprocessor ALU executes all arithmetic and logic instructions CPU contains a limited number of registers and memory To build a computer system additional components must be added Control Unit ALU Accumulator PC Working Registers Cache Memory Interrupt Circuit Clock Circuit Embedded Systems Introduction

9 Microcontroller Architecture Most instructions involve movement of data within the microcontroller chip Small microprocessor Power ROM Clock CPU General Purpose Registers RAM I/O Ports Timers I/O Pins e.g. LEDs, Switches, Keypad, Display Data/Address/Control Bus Embedded Systems Introduction

10 Consumer Electronics Cordless phones Televisions CD players Automobile Fuel injection ABS Computers Keyboard Mouse Disk controller House Washing machine Microwave Microcontroller Applications Embedded Systems Introduction

11 Microcontroller Application Example Washing Machine Switch inputs to select cycle, turn machine on/off Output to control spin speed of drum Outputs to open close water input/output valves Outputs to turn on/off water heating elements Outputs for LED status information Timers control spin duration, motor speed control Motor Valves Cycle Selection Switches µcontroller Heating Elements LEDs Embedded Systems Introduction

12 Microcontroller Projects Degree Level Real time bus timetable Golf ball positioning system using GPS 2-dimensional plotter using a remote controlled vehicle Remote house alarm system Voice controlled vehicle Embedded Systems Introduction

13 Binary (base 2) Digits 0 and 1 Review of Numbering Systems Binary number 1010 = (1 x 2 3 ) + (0 x 2 2 ) + (1 x 2 1 ) + (0 x 2 0 ) = 10 decimal Hexadecimal (base 16) A single hexadecimal digit can represent a 4-bit binary number (0000 to 1111) Hex digits 0 to 9 and A to F represent the decimal numbers 0 to 15 5A Hex = binary = (5 x 16 1 ) + (10 x 16 0 ) = 90 decimal In C programming a Hex number has the prefix 0x BCD (Binary Coded Decimal) BCD uses a 4-bit binary code to represent a number in the range 0 to 9 decimal (0000 to 1001) 19 decimal = BCD = Binary = 13 Hex Embedded Systems Introduction

14 Complete the following table: - Number Systems Decimal Binary Hex BCD x0D x7D Embedded Systems Introduction