National Plan for the Management of AnGR in Portugal

Transcription

1 National Plan for the Management of AnGR in Portugal Luis T. Gama NC - Portugal

2 Portugal Small surface Heterogeneity of climate, orography, farm structure, etc. High levels of diversity in AnGR

3 Genetic diversity Example of cattle Cachena MW = 250 kg Alentejana MW = 700 kg

4 Native breeds Cattle 15 Sheep 15

5 Native breeds Chicken 3 Pigs 3 Horse & Donkey 4 Goats 5

6 Native breeds Overall 45 native breeds 38 in risk of extinction! EU criteria Need for: Characterization Conservation Sustainable utilization Selection competitiveness

7 Portugal Historical links with different regions of the world Possible influence on AnGR

8 Similarity of breeds Portugal, Spain and Latin America Moxotó - BR Nilo - BR Crioulo Lageano - BR Criollo - AR Mirandesa - PT Serpentina - PT Alentejano - PT Mertolenga - PT

9 National policy AnGR have been recognized as a strategic priority since the early 90 s Over the last years, emphasis on: Characterization of local AnGr Valorization of products Conservation programs Ex situ In situ Selection programs Legislation approved in 2008 with a package of incentives for breeders and breeders associations

10 Characterization Genetic Demographic Productive

11 Sheep Churra breeds AS 7 breeds 22 microsats GM GB TQ MO Santos-Silva et al., 2008 AL BA

12 Characterization pig breeds Bísaro Large White Tree of individuals Bísaro Alent. Duroc 7 breeds 22 microsats Pietrain Landrace 0.1 Malhado Alcobaça Vicente et al., 2008

13 Cattle: Portuguese breeds 16 breeds 38 microsats Ginja et al., 2009 J. Heredity (in press)

14 mt-dna: Mediterranean cattle breeds Beja Pereira et al., 2006 mt-dna haplotypes

15 Cattle - Ibero-american breeds Large study underway Involving 85 breeds 15 countries Common set of microsats mt-dna Y chromosome

16 Cattle - Ibero-american breeds Y chromosome Y1 Y2 Inglesas Outras Europeias Ibéricas - Norte Ibéricas - Sul Ilhas Crioulas B. indicus Y3 Ginja et al., 2009 Anim. Genet. (in press)

17 4000 Fêmeas; 300 Criadores 9000 Fêmeas; 93 Criadores Demographic characterization - Example Malhado de Alcobaça Mertolenga 200 Fêmeas; 1 Criador Lusitano Fêmeas; 250 Criadores Brava de Lide

18 Consanguinidade (%) Consanguinidade (%) Consanguinidade (%) Consanguinidade (%) 12% Malhado de Alcobaça Evolution of inbreeding 12% Mertolenga 10% 8% F/ano = 0.76% F/ano = 0.33% 10% 8% 6% 6% 4% 4% 2% 2% 0% Ano Nascimento 0% Ano Nascimento 12% Lusitano F/ano = 0.20% 12% Brava 10% 10% 8% 8% F/ano = 0.25% 6% 6% 4% 4% 2% 2% 0% Ano Nascimento 0% Ano Nascimento

19 Demographic characterization Malhado de Alcobaça Mertolenga Lusitano Brava Nº F/ano 0.76% 0.33% 0.20% 0.25% L F/gera. 1.99% 2.00% 2.08% 2.15% N e f a f e

20 Contribuição Genética (%) Contribuição Genética (%) Contribuição Genética (%) Contribuição Genética (%) 100% Malhado de Alcobaça Genetic contribution of ancestors 100% Mertolenga 75% 75% 50% 50% 5 ancestors +50% 38 Ancestors +50% 25% 25% 0% Nº Ascendentes 0% Nº Ascendentes 100% Lusitano 100% Brava 75% 75% 50% 50% 25% 4 Ancestors +50% 25% 116 Ancestors +50% 0% Nº Ascendentes 0% Nº Ascendentes

21 Demographic analyses Need for: Approriate assessment criteria Development of recommendations Probably different depending on: Species Genetic management Perhaps this could be an interesting topic for the ERFP (joint research project?)

22 Valorization of products

23 Valorization of products Certified products in Portugal Type n Beef 10 Pork 2 Lamb 10 Kid 5 Cheese 13 Sausage 36 Represent <5% of total consumption Price is ~20-50% higher than generic product

24 Conservation of AnGR

25 Ex situ conservation National Animal Germplasm Bank Semen Embryos No. breeds No. sires No. breeds No. dams Cattle Sheep Goats

26 In situ conservation Support to breeds in risk of abandonment EU regulations 1698/2005 and 1974/2006 Status Cattle Maximum number Sheep Goats Pigs Horse Chicken Support /std head Rare Highly threatened Threatened At risk

27 How many breeds qualify for support? Support to breeds in risk of abandonment EU regulations 1698/2005 and 1974/2006 Status Cattle No. breeds covered Sheep Goats Pigs Horse Chicken No. breeds Rare Highly threatened Threatened At risk Total supported Total no. breeds

28 In addition Conservation herds/flocks kept in state farms for some of the highly endangered breeds Garvonesa Sorraia Churra do Campo Churra Algarvia

29 Breeding programs

30 Breeding programs - Objective To increase competitiveness of local breeds Selection for production/adaptation traits Maintenance of genetic diversity Programs managed by breed associations Plans approved in 2008 Scientific support by research groups Final goal (2010) Conservation program underway Genetic evaluation

31 Support to native AnGR Support to Breed Associations (cattle) Support ( ) Per Registration in Herdbook 9 Animal Parentage testing 18.5 Animal Genetic characterization 20 Animal Demographic characterization 3500 Breed Ex situ conservation 800 Year Artificial insemination 3000 Year Carcass and meat quality traits 800 Year Performance recording 12 Animal Breed promotion 3250 Year Genetic evaluation 3500 Year Milk recording (sheep) 12 Animal

32 Examples Mertolenga Alentejana 6 traits records 122 bulls 13 traits records 192 bulls

33 Conclusion Breed associations are at a turning point Either: set up conservation program establish selection program yielding a genetic evaluation or else