CHAPTERS 8.4, : Plant Regulation and Transport
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1 CHAPTERS 8.4, : Plant Regulation and Transport 1. Describe each of the following: a. solute potential - b. pressure potential - c. water potential - 2. How does solute potential affect osmosis? 3. What is bulk flow? 4. Can you explain what happens when you drop a piece of stem into pure water using the terms from question 1? 5. What does the proton pump accomplish in respect to membrane potential. Page 1 of 6
2 6. Explain how the proton pump moves cations and anions across the plant cell membrane. _ 7. Describe how Strasburger s experiment disproved the pumping action of xylem transport. 8. What evidence disproves that positive root pressure alone is responsible for xylem action? 9. What is guttation and what do we usually call it? 10. Explain the role of each in xylem transport: a. transpiration - b. cohesion - Page 2 of 6
3 c. adhesion - d. tension Using Figure 35.6 of your text, label the 8 key events of the transpiration-cohesiontension mechanism of xylem transport. Page 3 of 6
4 12. What are the functions of guard cells and stomata? 13. Under what conditions do the mesophyll cells release abscisic acid and what is its effect? 14. What is the role of K+ ions in the functioning of the guard cells? Page 4 of 6
5 END OF CHAPTER 35 MULTIPLE CHOICE (answers are found in the back of the textbook, between the glossary and index!) 1. Osmosis A) requires ATP. B) results in the bursting of plant cells placed in pure water. C) can cause a cell to become turgid. D) is independent of solute concentrations. E) continues until the pressure potential equals the water potential. 2. Water potential A) is the difference between the solute potential and the pressure potential. B) is analogous to the air pressure in an automobile tire. C) is the movement of water through a membrane. D) determines the direction of water movement between cells. E) is defined as 1.0 MPa for pure water under no applied pressure. 3. Which statement about aquaporins is no true? A) They are membrane transport proteins. B) Water movement through aquaporins is always active. C) The permeability of some aquaporins is subject to regulation. D) They are found in both animals and plants. E) They enable water to pass through the phospholipid bilayer without encountering a hydrophobic environment. 4. Which statement about proton pumping across the plasma membrane of plants is not true? A) It requires ATP. B) The region inside the membrane becomes positively charged with respect to the region outside. C) It enhances the movement of K + ions into the cell. D) It pushes protons out of the cell against a proton concentration gradient. E) It can drive the secondary active transport of negatively charged ions. 5. Which statement is no true? A) The symplast is a meshwork consisting of the (connected) living cells. B) Water can enter the stele without entering the symplast. C) The Casparian strips prevent water from moving between endodermal cells. D) The endodermis is a cell layer in the cortex. E) Water can move freely in the apoplast without entering cells. Page 5 of 6
6 6. In the xylem, A) the products of photosynthesis travel down the stem. B) living, pumping cells push the sap upward. C) the driving force is in the roots. D) the sap is often under tension. E) the sap must pass through sieve plates. 7. Which of the following is not part of the transpiration cohesion tension mechanism? A) Water evaporates from the walls of mesophyll cells. B) Removal of water from the xylem exerts a pull on the water column. C) Water is remarkably cohesive. D) The wider the tube, the greater the tension its water column can withstand. E) At each step, water moves to a region with a more strongly negative water potential. 8. Stomata A) control the opening of guard cells. B) release less water to the environment than do other parts of the epidermis. C) are usually most abundant on the upper epidermis of a leaf. D) are covered by a waxy cuticle. E) close when water is being lost at too great a rate. Page 6 of 6
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