Pre - SSUSH1 European Exploration and the Conquest of America

Transcription

1 Pre - SSUSH1 European Exploration and the Conquest of America

2 Causes of European Exploration The Crusades Exposed Europeans to various Luxury Goods. Allowed Italian Merchants to expand trade. Introduced Europeans to new Technology. The Commercial Revolution Growth of Trade created great City-States. Establishment of Banking and Business. Wealthy Patrons support the growth of Exploration.

3 The Renaissance Causes of European Exploration Created a Rebirth of Classical Knowledge. Promoted a new Scientific view of the World. Established a new Curiosity of the World. The Reformation Challenged Church view of the World. Created Refugees desiring escape from Religious Persecution. Motivated Missionaries to spread Christianity around the world.

4 Absolute Monarchs Desired new Lands and Resources. Causes of European Exploration Promoted National Pride. Attempted to create Colonial Empires. Technological Advances Growth of Trade created great City-States. Establishment of Banking and Business. Wealthy Patrons support the growth of Exploration.

5 Prince Henry the Navigator Portugal Leads the Way (1419 CE) Created a center to promote Navigational studies. ( CE) Sponsored numerous expeditions along the western coast of Africa. Bartolomeu Dias (1488 CE) The First European who sailed around the tip of Africa. Vasco de Gama (1497 CE) Was the first European who sailed around Africa to the coast of India.

6 Spain Heads West Christopher Columbus (1492 CE) He searched for a shorter route to the East Indies. He landed on an island in the Caribbean that he named San Salvadore (The Savior). He named the native people Indios. ( CE) He made four total voyages to the New World. Treaty of Tordesillas (1493 CE) Spain and Portugal competed for lands in the Americas. Pope Alexander VI was asked by the Spanish Monarch to come up with a solution and prevent war between the two countries.

7 The agreement granted most of the Americans to Spain. Treaty of Tordesillas (1493 CE) The Pope created a demarcation line dividing Eastern and Western Hemispheres. It allowed Portugal to claim lands later known as Brazil. Amerigo Vespucci Naming the New Continents ( CE) He made two voyages along the coast of South America. Martin Waldseemuller (1507) A Mapmaker who named the continent America after the great Italian Explorer.

8 Spain Continued Exploring America Juan Ponce de Leon (1513) Discovered a land with many wildflowers he named Florida (Land of Flowers). Vasco de Balboa Ferdinand Magellan (1513) He crossed the Isthmus of Panama and became the first European to see the Pacific Ocean. ( ) He was the first to attempt to Circumnavigate the World and named the new ocean Pacific (Peaceful Waters).

9 The Spanish Conquest of America Spanish military leaders and explorers became known as Conquistadores. Hernan Cortez Hernando de Soto ( ) He clashed with and conquered the Native Aztec Empire in modern day Mexico. Francisco Pizzaro ( ) He encountered and defeated the Native Incan Empire in modern day Peru. ( ) He led and expedition originating in Florida and eventually explored the Southeastern region of the modern U.S. Francisco Vasquez de Coronado ( ) He led and expedition in search of Cibola and eventually explored the Southwestern region of the modern U.S.

10 Spain Builds a Colonial Empire The Viceroyalty of New Spain was created in 1521 Low ranking nobles called Hidalgos were granted lands to manage. Land Commissioners called ecomenderos controlled the local population through a system of tribute. This new system was called the encomienda system. The eventual transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Colonies and Europe became known as the Columbia Exchange.

11 Spain Builds a Colonial Empire A New Social Structure was Developed Spanish born officials were known as Peninsulares. Colonists born to Spanish Parents were called Criollos (Creoles). Mixed blood Spanish and Native American people were called Mestizos. New Economic Endeavors Developed The Discovery of Silver caused large mines to develop. Huge ranches called Haciendas were developed to feed the large population of laborers. Highly skilled horsemen known as Vaqueros herded the cattle on these ranches.

12 Spain Builds a Colonial Empire Spain Consolidates its Claim of Florida The Spanish founded at temporary colony at Pensacola in The Spanish founded a permanent colony at St Augustine in Spain Established a New Territory called New Mexico in The Spanish Capital of Santa Fe was established in The Spanish built forts called Presidios. Franciscan Priests established key religious center called Missions.

13 France Sets its Sights on North America Giovanni da Verrazano (1524) He explored the east coast of North America in search of the Northwest Passage to India. Jacques Cartier (1534) He discovered and mapped the St. Lawrence River. Samuel de Champlain (1608) He established the colony of Quebec, which became the capital of New France. (1625) Jesuit Missionaries arrived to spread Christianity to the Native Americans.

14 France Sets its Sights on North America (By 1666) Jesuit Missionaries arrived to spread Christianity to the Native Americans. Louis Joilet and Jacques Marquette (1673) They explored the Mississippi River south to the region of modern day Arkansas. Rene-Robert de La Salle (1682) He followed the Mississippi River all the way to the Gulf of Mexico. The French Mississippi Company (1718) Founded the colony of New Orleans to control the Fur Trade in the region.

15 The Dutch and British Join the Search Sir Henry Hudson (1609) He sailed for the Dutch East Indies Company to North America, which led to the establishment of the Colony of Albany and New Netherlands. ( ) He sailed for the British East Indies Company to North America, eventually discovering Hudson Bay.