Switzerland Energy efficiency report

Transcription

1 Switzerland Energy efficiency report Objectives: o 1 savings in fossil fuel consumption by 2020 o Cap electricity demand growth at 5% between and 2020 Overview - (%/year) Primary intensity (EU=0)¹ % + CO 2 intensity (EU=0) % + CO 2 emissions per capita (in tco2/cap) % + Power generation - (%/year) Rate of electricity T&D losses (in %) % - CO 2 emissions per kwh generated (in gco2/kwh) % ++ Industry - (%/year) Energy intensity (EU=0) % + Share of industrial CHP in industrial consumption (in %) % - Unit consumption of steel (in toe/t) % - * and - for steel ++ Among the best performing countries + Above the EU average 1 Below the EU average 1 Among the worst performing countries Latest update: April The European Union, as the best performing region, is used as the benchmark.

2 1. Overview 1.1. Policies: definition of new objectives for 2020 In December Switzerland extended its energy program SuisseEnergie until The phase of the SuisseEnergie program has no quantitative objective for energy efficiency by However, under the program Switzerland aims to reduce its fossil fuel consumption and CO 2 emissions from fossil fuels by 20 percent compared with the level. The main sectors targeted by the SuisseEnergie program are transport, electrical appliances, industry and services. The main measures implemented include: the strengthening and expansion of energy labels and Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS) for household appliances and lamps, voluntary agreements with industry and the building codes (MINERGIE label). An energy efficiency action plan approved in aims to cap electricity consumption growth at 5 percent between and 2020, with a continuous reduction in the growth rate of electricity consumption as of 2015 at the latest. In, the Government adopted a package of measures including funding for district heating (30 million Swiss francs, or 28 million US dollars), the replacement of electric heating systems, and a small PV system support scheme Energy consumption trends: high electricity consumption Energy consumption per capita is close to the EU average (3.2 toe in ). Total energy consumption has been decreasing since and in stood at the same level as in (25 Mtoe), ie 2.1 Mtoe below its peak level. The shares of industry and the power sector are stable at 17 percent and 20 percent, respectively. Figure 1: Energy consumption trends by sector Other Industry Power generation 20 Mtoe In oil was the main source of energy with 38 percent of primary consumption (40 percent in ) while nuclear power accounted for 28 percent (26 percent in ). Natural gas and hydro represented 11 percent of the total each while biomass reached 9 percent (). Electricity consumption per capita is high, at 7,400 kwh, which is about 30 percent above the EU average. Electricity consumption grew by 1 percent/year, on average, between and, with a 2 percent decrease in, mainly driven by industry, and another 2 percent fall in due to households and services. Switzerland Country reports 2

3 Figure 2: Electricity consumption trends by sector Industry Others TWh Energy efficiency trends: low energy intensity and slight reductions achieved since Total energy consumption per unit of GDP (primary energy intensity), measured at purchasing power parity, is low and stands about 30 percent below the EU average. Half of that difference is explained by the use of hydroelectric power, which provides a large share of the country s energy needs, and the other half can be explained by lower energy-intensive end-users, which imply a lower reliance on industry and greater energy efficiency. Primary energy intensity decreased at a similar pace as the EU average over the period - (1.6 percent/year). Industry and power generation contributed to 20 percent each of the performance seen since. Figure 3: Energy intensity trends % %/year % 2. Other sectors : buildings, transport and agriculture Industry Power generation Switzerland Country reports 3

4 2. Power generation Energy efficiency in the power sector is high, at 50 percent, since more than half of electricity is produced from hydropower (53 percent in ). Thermal power generation represents just 5 percent of total generation and nuclear covers the remainder (42 percent in ). Figure 4: Efficiency of power generation and thermal power plants Figure 5: Thermal electricity capacity, by technology % Total power generation GW Steam Gas turbines Combined cycles The rate of transmission and distribution losses (T&D) is in line with the EU average: it amounted to 7 percent of the distributed volumes in. Figure 6: Electric T&D losses 9 8 % Industry 3.1. Policies: voluntary agreements Voluntary agreements have existed in industry since. The SuisseEnergie program for the period has expanded the scope of the voluntary agreements to small and medium businesses by supporting them in performing energy audits and implementing programs to recover heat from production processes. The development of energy efficiency tariff schemes and energy conservation quotas is being studied. Switzerland Country reports 4

5 3.2. Energy consumption trends: chemical industry leading growth in industrial energy consumption Industry s energy consumption increased by 1.3 percent/year between and, ie twice as fast as the country s total energy consumption (0.7 percent/year over the period). Since, the sector s energy consumption has been decreasing, with the exception of a rebound in. Figure 72: Trends in industrial energy consumption Mtoe Electricity is the largest energy source in industrial energy consumption, with a share that has been growing slightly since and that reached 44 percent in. The use of oil has fallen: in oil accounted for 15 percent while it represented 23 percent in. Conversely, the use of natural gas is increasing and accounted for 22 percent of the sector s consumption in. The use of coal is low at 4 percent, while the share of biomass has been stable at around 11 percent of the total since. Energy-intensive industries account for about half of the total industrial consumption, with the chemical industry as the main consumer. Figure 8: Energy consumption of industry, by source Figure 3: Energy consumption of industry, by branch Biomass Heat Electricity Gas Oil Coal/Lignite Other Paper Non metallic minerals Chemical Steel 1 1 Switzerland Country reports 5

6 3.3. Energy intensity trends: industry achieving overall savings Industrial energy intensity has decreased at a rate of 0.9 percent/year since. Among the energy-intensive industries the best performance was seen in the chemical industry, which reduced its energy consumption per unit of value added by 3.5 percent/year between and, followed by non-metallic minerals (-1.6 percent/year for its energy intensity) and paper (-0.8 percent/year for its specific consumption). The specific energy consumption per ton of steel increased, but its impact was limited since the sector s share in industrial energy consumption is marginal. Figure : Trends in the energy intensity of industrial branches 2% 1% Total* Steel Chemical** Cement*** Paper %/year 1% 2% 3% 4% *Including construction and mining; ** ; *** non metallic minerals The share of combined heat and power generation in industrial electricity consumption increased from 13 percent in to 16 percent in, which is 2 percentage points below the European average level. Figure 4: Share of industrial CHP in industrial consumption 18% 16% 14% 12% 1 8% 6% 4% 2% Switzerland Country reports 6

7 The intensity of the manufacturing industry (ie excluding construction and mining) decreased at an average pace of 0.9 percent/year between and. That trend is fully explained by energy efficiency improvements; as seen above for the energy-intensive branches, structural changes within industry had a marginal effect. Figure 5: Trends in the energy intensity of manufacturing and structural effect 0.2% % %/year 0.4% 0.6% 0.8% 1. Real variation Change at constant structure Structural effect, Odyssee Switzerland Country reports 7