Plastic Bearing Design Guide
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1 Plastic Design Guide
2 Plastic Types Greene, Tweed offers three standard configurations of plastic bearings; sleeve bearings, flange bearings, and thrust bearings. The sleeve and flange bearings are available in both solid and split variations. Because plastic materials tend to expand as temperature increases and contract as temperature decreases, dimensional changes caused by thermal expansion will affect the performance of plastic bearings. At high temperature, the bearing cross-section may grow to the point of having interference with its fit, thus causing excessive friction and wear. At cryogenic temperature, the bearing will try to shrink, tightening around the shaft and causing increased friction. The gap on the split bearings is designed for ease of bearing installation, and to minimize the undesirable effects of thermal expansion and contraction. Split bearings are therefore recommended for all rod and piston applications other than instances where the bearing must be press-fitted for retention. For more than 0 years, Greene, Tweed & Co. has specialized in the design and production of innovative, highperformance seals and plastic components for demanding systems. Headquartered in Kulpsville, PA, some miles northwest of Philadelphia, the company employs more than,00 people throughout its worldwide organization. Manufacturing locations are located in Kulpsville, PA., as well as in Texas, California, Maryland and England. The company s six major business groups serve such diverse markets as aerospace, industrial hydraulics, chemical processing, medical & biotechnology, oil field equipment and semiconductor production. Sleeve (Solid) Flange (Solid) Sleeve (Split) Thrust Flange (Split) Types Contents Selecting a A Simple 6-Step Process Selecting a Define the bearing diameter needed Design Criteria Select the bearing cross-section needed Graphs for PV Limits 4 Define the length of the bearing Plastic Material Calculate the Unit Loading, Surface Velocity, and Hardware Design Guidelines Ordering s Pressure-Velocity that the bearing will experience Select the appropriate material Compatibility & Locations 0-6 Order the
3 Design Criteria STEP Define Diameter 4 STEP Select Cross-Section STEP Define 4 4 STEP 4 Calculate the Unit Loading, Surface Velocity, and Pressure Velocity performance is affected by many different factors. It is important to keep in mind the following factors when designing a bearing. BEARING LOADING It is important to maintain the lowest possible loading on a bearing. Lower unit loading on the bearing can be accomplished by increasing the bearing length. PTFE based bearings perform best at low load and high velocity. pressure is the amount of load that the bearing has to support for a given bearing area. pressure is calculated as follows: RUNNING VELOCITY surface speed is calculated as follows: For rotary applications V = (D x π x RPM)/ For reciprocating applications V = (LS x C x )/ For Thrust s V = (0.5 x RPM)(0.6R + 0.4R ) Where: P = pressure (psi) F = Total load on the bearing (lbs.) D = Inside Diameter (in.) L = of the bearing (in.) Where: V = Velocity in ft/min. D = Dynamic diameter (inches) LS= of stroke (inches) C = Cycles per minute. R = Radius of the thrust bearing ID R = Radius of the thrust bearing OD BEARING PV LIMITS PV = Pressure (psi) x Velocity (ft/min.) The material PV limits given on page 5 are intended as a guide only. PV limits are affected by variations in temperature, speed, loading, lubrication and surface finish. Exceeding PV limits will result in accelerated wear and premature bearing failure. BEARING MEDIA The PTFE bearings have almost unlimited chemical compatibility. Thermoplastic and composite bearings have wide chemical compatibility, except for use with acids and strong oxidizing agents. BEARING LUBRICATION Plastic bearings are designed to operate maintenance free, thus eliminating the need for periodic lubrication. Lubricated bearings however, will exhibit a lower coefficient of friction and longer service life. Therefore, the application of grease or lubricant at the time of installation is recommended whenever possible. METAL SURFACE HARDNESS Some of the fillers in PTFE and the reinforcements in the composites are abrasive to soft metals. Therefore, hardened running surfaces are recommended. Moreover, surface hardness of >Rc 40 is further recommended. METAL SURFACE FINISH A good surface finish on the dynamic surfaces will reduce the friction and the wear rate on bearings. It is recommended to maintain 8- Ra surface finish for best bearing performance. P= F Dx L
4 STEP 5 Material Code Applications Characteristics 05 Tough, abrasion resistant. Recommended for abrasive environments and water applications. FDA approved. PTFE COMPOUNDS Low deformation, good temperature dissipation. Recommended for numerous general applications. FDA compliant, excellent wear properties, compatible with LOX, MMH, Hydrazine and oxidizers. Not recommended for water or steam applications. Good wear, temperature and deformation properties. Non-abrasive against soft mating surfaces. Ideal for Semiconductor manufacturing applications. Excellent wear and deformation characteristics. Recommended for general applications. 9 Excellent wear and deformation properties. May be abrasive against mating surfaces. Recommend for water and steam applications. PTFE Compounds Thermoplastic/Composite Compounds COMPOSITE THERMOPLASTIC COMPOUNDS COMPOUNDS High strength, low deformation under load, high temperature capabilities, good chemical resistance. Recommend for all general applications. Low coefficient of friction, low deformation, good chemical compatibility. Recommended for steam and general applications. High temperature resistance, high strength, excellent chemical compatibility. Recommended for high temperature applications. Not recommended for water or steam applications. High impact resistance, thermal shock resistant, good chemical resistance. Not recommended for abrasive media. High impact resistance, low deformation under load, low thermal expansion, good chemical compatibility, excellent wear resistance. Not recommended for abrasive media. Good wear resistance, excellent dimensional stability, good chemical compatibility. Recommended for hydraulic cylinders and underwater applications.
5 Plastic Materials Description PV Room Temp P=Pressure (psi) V=Velocity (ft/min) Temp Range o F Wear Factor (K) Dry* Coefficient of Friction Tensile Strength (psi/ D68) Elongation % (D68) Deformation Under Load % (D6) Specific Gravity (D79) Avalon 7 UHMW-PE PV = 0, to , PTFE COMPOUNDS Avalon Bronze Filled PTFE Avalon 48 Mineral Filled PTFE Avalon 57 Polyimide Filled PTFE PV = 0, PV = 0, PV = 0, to to to ,500,000, Avalon 69 Thermoplastic Filled PTFE PV = 0, to , Avalon 9 Glass/Carbon Filled PTFE PV = 0, to , *(K) x 0-0 (in -min./lb-ft-hr) COMPOSITE COMPOUNDS THERMOPLASTIC COMPOUNDS Arlon 555 Filled Arlon Arlon 0 Lubricated Arlon Altymid 7 Graphite Filled Polymide WR TM 00 Carbon Filled PEEK WR TM 55 Carbon Fiber/ PEEK Composite Fabric Reinforced Lubricated Polyester PV = 45,000, PV = 5,000, PV = 80,000, PV = 45,000, PV = 50,000 4, PV =,000, to to to to to to ,500,500,000 7,875 00,000, The PV limits listed are guidelines defined at room temperature, running dry. Higher PV values and longer service life can be achieved in a lubricated environment.
6 Finish & Hardness Guidelines SURFACE FINISH Surface finish affects friction and bearing wear rate. For best bearing performance, an 8-Ra surface finish is recommended on the dynamic surface. SURFACE HARDNESS Some of the fillers and reinforcements in the bearing materials may be abrasive to the mating dynamic surfaces. A hardened dynamic surface area to Rc-40 min. is recommended. SUGGESTED BEARING CROSSSECTIONS Rod and Piston Sleeve s Cross Section A B C D E F G H / /6 / /8 5/ /6 7/ /4 Y Diameter X Dia X Dia X Dia X Dia X Dia X Dia X Dia X Dia L Rod Flange Cross Section A B C D E F G H / /6 / /8 5/ /6 7/ /4 Flange Diameter D Flange Thickness T
7 Hardware Design Guidelines Rod Sleeve L X Y Piston Sleeve L Piston Flange Flange Thickness T Flange Diameter D Thickness Thrust I.D. O.D. 7
8 Thrust Cross-section Limitations Max. Cross-section (in.) Compounds* *Other compounds have no cross-section limitation. OD (in.)
9 STEP 6 Ordering s There are two easy ways to order bearings. A) You may let Greene, Tweed Engineering design the best bearing for your application, OR B) you may provide us with a print and we ll manufacture the bearing to your specifications. A Let Greene, Tweed Engineering Design the Best for Your Application Provide Greene, Tweed s Engineering Staff with the operating parameters and hardware dimensions with tolerances. Greene, Tweed will design the right bearing and select the appropriate material for your application. Hardware Information Piston s Bore Diameter Tolerance Grove Diameter Tolerance Width Tolerance For Thrust s, provide OD, ID and Thickness (see page 7). Rod & Flange s Bore Diameter Tolerance Grove Diameter Tolerance Width Tolerance Operating Conditions Total Load on RPM Stroke Frequency Media Lubricated Non-Lubricated B Let Greene, Tweed Manufacture Your to Order To order a bearing machined to your specifications, provide a bearing drawing or sketch, with tolerances and your selected material (from pages 4 & 5). Greene, Tweed will manufacture the bearings to your specifications. Greene, Tweed will also manufacture other bearing types not listed in this design guide. Please call for details. Typical Types 9 Rod & Piston Solid Rod & Piston Split Flange Solid Flange Split Thrust
10 Media Compatibility Room Temperature = Recommended = Some compounds will affect the material = Not Recommended For compatibility with specific chemicals, contact Greene, Tweed Engineering Hydraulic Water Fuels Solvents Acids Code Oils Typical Plastic Applications 05 Automotive Construction Equipment Conveyors Cryogenic Equipment Dryer Oven Conveyors Exercise Equipment Farm Equipment Hydraulic Actuators Hydraulic Presses Intensifiers Machine Tools Marine Medical Equipment Mining Oil Field Equipment Packaging Equipment Photographic Processing Equipment Pumps Robotics Vacuum Metalizing Equipment Valves PTFE COMPOUNDS COMPOSITE THERMOPLASTIC COMPOUNDS COMPOUNDS
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