La pile à combustible hydrogène comme prolongateur d autonomie pour véhicules électriques

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1 La pile à combustible hydrogène comme prolongateur d autonomie pour véhicules électriques «HYDROGÈNE: VISION FUTURISTE OU SOLUTION D ACTUALITÉ?» CREM, 25 juin 2015

2 The Belenos concept Solar Energy PV Panels DC/AC PV Surface: Annual Mobility: 2 70 m km H 2 O Electrolysisc Battery Grid M FC Battery Hydrogen H 2 O 2 Fuel Cell

3 Electrolysis Hydrogen production Conception of a test bench for small electrolyser stacks Build a complete hydrogen filling station Operate the filling station Electrolyser stack 30bar saving one compression stage Operate our proprietary electrolyser

4 Fuel Cell Activity Fuel Cell system design & construction and testing

5 Fuel Cell mobility tests on roads Electric FC vehicle

6 Fuel Cell Car experience Test period (October 2011 August 2012) : FC System, max power 25 [kw] Gas filling H [bar], O [bar] Drive test [km] FC mode 68% system efficiency in driving mode Full Range 300 [km], mix drive max 100 [km/h] Consumption H [kg/100km] O [kg/100km]

7 Only 2 H 2 station in Switzerland

8 Fuel cell range extender vehicle architecture Electric drive integration Fuel cell range extender integration H2 Storage System 350 bar 55 kwh Chemical 10 bar HV Batterie 60 kw / 31 kwh Fuel Cell System 10 kw + 80V V - DC DC CHARGER DC AC DC AC INVERTER M ~ 230V 3kW 350 bar

9 Fuel cell system operation The fuel cell start/stop is selected by the driver. Minimum power at 3kW : Best efficiency point Fuel Cell System Efficiency (DC/DC included) 55% Strategy : Load following The fuel cell power follows the drivetrain demand Option : Maximum power Possibility to switch the fuel cell to 10 kw continuously to recharge the battery. 3 kw 10 kw Fuel Cell System power (DC/DC included)

10 Hybrid - fuel cell/battery - EV The fuel cell system doubles the range of the vehicle. The fuel cell could also drive the vehicle when the HV battery is empty (with limited power). Mass Power Chemical Energy Electrical Energy Range (NEDC) Filling Time HV Battery 210 kg 60 kw 31kWh 26 kwh (124 Wh/kg) 200 km 10 h FC system 125 kg 10 kw 55 kwh 26 kwh (208 Wh/kg) 200 km 2 min Energy sources available in the vehicle.

11 Electric FIAT 500 with FC range extender Drive train, power electronics and Fuel Cell Batteries H 2 tank & security system control Fuel Cell (FC) system information: Emissions = 0 Electric power/peak = 20/60 kw Battery capacity = 26 kwh Battery weight = 210 kg Hydrogen capacity = 1.7 kg Fuel Cell power = 10 kw Battery driving range = 200 km H 2 driving range = 200 km Total Range = 400 km Curb Weight = 1300 kg Number of seats = 4

12 Electric FIAT 500 with FC range extender Power electronic Fuel Cell stack Electric charge Battery pack H 2 tank (350 bar) Electric drive FC air compressor H 2 filling nozzle

13 Electric FIAT 500 with FC range extender Energy management and driver interface

14 Test drive : «Normal» top range Date & Time: 17 Oct., 2013 Distance: 348km Battery used: 99% Test Driver: A. Closset Max Speed: 120km/h Hydrogen used: 96% Avg Speed: 53km/h Vehicle speed (km/h) 100 Speed [km/h] Battery SOC (%) Vehicle Speed Battery SOC Filling H H2 Fill level (%) Kilometers driven [km]

15 Test drive : Top range record Date & Time: 20 Oct., 2013 Distance: 425km Battery used: 100% Test Driver: M. Vögeli Max Speed: 110km/h Hydrogen used: 97% Avg Speed: 73km/h Vehicle speed (km/h) 80 Speed [km/h] 60 Battery SOC (%) Vehicle Speed Battery SOC Filling H H2 Fill level (%) Kilometers driven [km]

16 FIAT 500 Statistics What Distance Average speed Drivetrain consumption Vehicle ON time Average power demand Value 53'013 km 48.4 km/h 193 Wh/km, (= 2.2L essence /100km) 1095 h 9.4 kw Battery full cycles 272 Fuel cell ON time Fuel cell average power 525 h (48% of vehicle ON time) 6.3 kw (including DC/DC) H 2 full filling 143 (= 244 kg H 2 ) Number of FC starts 1586 Average efficiency H2 tank to DC bus (including Stack, BoP, Purges, DC/DC) 41 %

17 Conclusion Hydrogen fuel cell systems can be a reliable, CO 2 free, range extender for electric vehicle. It is suitable for small fleets of vehicle when one invests in a hydrogen station. It can benefit from early national installation of hydrogen stations. Hydrogen production by electrolysis will be supported by national electric grid operators. MERCI!