Heifer Development for the Cow/Calf Producer & Stocker Operator
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1 Heifer Development for the Cow/Calf Producer & Stocker Operator Tri-State Beef Conference Abingdon, VA August 8-9 th, 2013 Justin Rhinehart Beef Cattle Specialist
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3 Justification Developmental period Period from weaning to first calving Influences lifetime productivity and longevity Properly developed heifers: Calve early in the first calving season Calve early in subsequent calving seasons Wean heavier calves Remain in the cow herd longer
4 Objectives Breed early in the first breeding season Minimize calving difficulties Wean acceptable calves Breed early in the second breeding season Minimize overall cost Optimize profit Improve genetics
5 Decide on Business Model
6 Decide Stocker Operator Steers, Heifers or Cows Owned or Contract Cow/Calf Producer Retained or Purchased Custom or Home Development
7 How much does a replacement cost? Retained Purchased Deferred Revenue* $1, Development $ Opportunity Cost $ Purchase Price Δ $1,800 Total $1,770 $1,800 * 700 pound heifer at $150/cwt. Includes nutrition, breeding, labor and death loss. Revenue lost from running three fewer cows with the recourses that used to develop five heifers. Δ Estimated average purchase price for heavy-bread, superior genetic replacements in 2012
8 Do It
9 Steps in Heifer Development At weaning or purchase Select oldest and heaviest heifers Consider frame score and mature cow size Select more than you need as replacements Set target weight = 67% of mature cow weight Set breeding date
10 Steps in Heifer Development Decide on growth pattern Develop ration(s) to gain appropriate weight Weigh heifers to ensure weight gain is on target Use body condition scoring (BCS)
11 Growth Pattern Weight (Kg) Steady Early Late Days Post-Weaning
12 New Concepts in Nutritional Development Genetic improvement has advanced the age at puberty The 60% target weight might now be out of date Can reduce input cost of purchased feed Intensive management systems might maximize pregnancy rates but do not optimize profitability
13 Steps in Heifer Development One month before breeding season Perform pelvic area measurements Cull heifers with unacceptable pelvic area What is an unacceptable pelvic area?
14 Steps in Heifer Development One month before breeding season Reproductive tract scores (RTS) Cull heifers that are sexually immature
15 Steps in Heifer Development 1 month before breeding season Vaccinate against Vibrio, Lepto, and respiratory/reproductive disease complex (IBR, BVD, etc.). Develop synchronization system (use some type of progestagen)
16 Steps in Heifer Development Post breeding Pregnancy check Cull open and late-bred heifers until replacement number is reached
17 Steps in Heifer Development Post breeding Heifers should weigh approximately 85 to 90% of mature weight at calving Usually results in 1 lbs./day until calving Maintain BCS of 6 More critical analysis of selection traits Give special attention during calving Maintain BCS 5 until re-breeding
18 Scenarios
19 Cow / Calf Market All Purchase Replacements Calf Crop Retain Heifers Stocker Develop On- Farm Send to Custom Developer Develop Heifers Market All as Feeders
20 Custom Developer Consignments Yearlings Contract Develop Valueadded Market open Market Return Formal Sale
21 Stocker Operation Purchase Replacement Quality Develop Breed Market Bred Replacements Open Feeders
22 Diversified Stocker Purchase Replacement Quality Develop Breed Market Bred Replacements Open Feeders Retain Open for finished market
23 New Producer Entry Buy Stocker Heifers Develop Breed Market Open feeders Extra Bred Retain AI Bred Build Cow Herd Stocker Fewer Following Year
24 Take-Home Message Developing heifers is the make or break period for their value as cows. There is a tremendous expense associated with developing heifers. In all cases, pregnancy check early!! Consider diversification and non-traditional methods (both management and business models).
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