7.L.1.3 Summarize the hierarchical organization of multi-cellular organisms from cells to tissues to organs to systems to organisms.

Transcription

1 Clarifying Objective: 7.L.1.3 Summarize the hierarchical organization of multi-cellular organisms from cells to tissues to organs to systems to organisms.

2 Language Objective(s): 7.L.1.3 SWBAT (YOU) define and explain the following terms: Organization, multi-cellular organism, tissue, organs, systems

3 Language Skill(s): 7.L.1.3 SWBAT (You) draft sentences describing the hierarchical organization of multi-cellular organisms.

4 Language Structure(s): 7.L.1.3 SWBAT (You) use correct sentence formation to explain the hierarchical organization of multi-cellular organisms.

5 Lesson Task(s): 7.L.1.3 SWBAT (You) create a flow chart showing how the organization of multicellular organisms.

6 Language Learning Strategies: 7.L.1.3 SWBAT (You) discuss the flow chart with a partner and check its accuracy.

7 Essential Question(s): How are multi-cellular organisms organized?

8 Body Organization The body has an hierarchical organization. Hierarchy is the arrangement of a particular set of items that are represented as being "above," "below," or "at the same level as" one another. Hierarchy of Organization Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in the body. Cells have different shapes & characteristics based on their function.

9 Cell organelles Similar to organs within the body, cells consist of substructures that serve specific functions for the cell. An organelle is a structure within a cell that carries out the various processes necessary for a cell to function properly. Three basic organelles found in most cells are. Nucleus (brain) which controls the functions of the cell. Cytoplasm or jellylike substance found within the cell membrane & houses all of the organelles of the cell. Cell membrane (security guard) which defines the boundary of the cell & regulates what enters & leaves the cell.

10 Other examples of organelles include Ribosomes or the cell s factories. Lysosomes or the cell s recycling plant. Mitochondria or the cell s power plant. Golgi body or the cell s packaging plant. Endoplasmic Reticulum or the cell s highway. Greatest Discoveries w/ Bill Nye -Biology

11 Multi-cellular Organisms Different body tissues and organs are made up of different kinds of cells. The cells in similar tissues and organs in other animals are similar to those in human beings but differ somewhat from cells found in plants. Specialized cells perform specialized functions in multi-cellular organisms. Each type of cell, tissue, organ, organ system has a distinct structure and functions that serve the organism as a whole. Although these levels seem separate from one another, they all work together Important levels of organization for structure and function include: Cells The basic unit of life Are specialized which means they perform special or specific jobs Examples: red blood cells, white blood cells, brain cells, nerve cells, skin cells

12 What is Tissue? Tissues A group of similar specialized cells working together performing a particular function Cells must be organized in a tissue in a specific way Think of it as tissues is a brick wall and cells are the individual bricks The human body contains several types of tissues 4 main groups of tissues: The different types of tissue perform different functions.

13 Epithelial tissue» Functions as a boundary» It covers all the inner and outer surfaces of your body» Each internal organ is covered with a layer of this tissue Nerve tissue» Functions as a messaging system» Carries electrical impulses between your brain and various parts of your body in response to changing conditions Muscle tissue» Functions in movement» Movement results when muscle cells contract (shorten) and relax» Sometimes you control the movement (throwing a ball), other times it occurs without conscious control (beating of your heart) Connective tissue» Functions to hold parts of the body together, providing support, protection, strength, padding, and insulation» Tendons and ligaments are types of this tissue and they hold bones and muscles together» Bone is also a type of this tissue it supports and protects the soft parts of your body

14 Organs & Organ Systems Organs Different tissues that are grouped and work together to carry out certain activities Is a structure that is made up of two or more types of tissue that work together to carry out a function in the body Examples: Heart, Lungs, Liver, Spleen, Kidneys, Brain, Stomach, Intestines, etc. Organ systems Different organs working together to do a certain job The body is made up of 11 total organ systems (all which we will learn) Skeletal, Muscular, Respiratory, Digestive, Excretory, Circulatory, Nervous, Immune, Integumentary, Endocrine, & Reproductive. Together, these systems allow the human organism to grow, reproduce, and maintain life

15 Whole organisms All the systems of the body that work together as one whole Any living thing that can carry out its life activities on its own Population All the organisms of the same kind living in a particular place Community All the populations living together in the same place Ecosystems The living and nonliving things in an area interacting with each other

16 Cells (cardiac muscle cells) 1 5 Organism (human) Tissue (cardiac muscle) Organ (heart) Organ system (circulatory system) Homeostasis Is the ability of your body to maintain internal conditions The processes that take place in your body occur within a particular set of conditions The body s many levels of organization from cells to organ systems, work constantly to maintain the balance needed for survival of the organism Your body is constantly regulating such things as your body temperature, the amount of sugar in your blood, even your posture Ex: on a hot day, you may sweat. Sweating keeps the temperature inside your body constant, even though the temperature of your surroundings change Many people drink water after exercising why is it important to drink fluids after exercising/sweating?

17 Major Organ Systems Circulatory System: distribution system of the body; delivers blood, water, & other necessary nutrients to the parts of the body where they are needed. Digestive System: body system responsible for the breakdown & absorption of nutrients and minerals in food & drink. Endocrine System: body system that controls & regulates certain chemically controlled processes in the body. Example: Bone growth & hormone release during puberty Excretory System: body system that removes waste from the body Immune System: body system that fights off foreign invaders, infections, & disease. Muscular System: body system responsible for movement. Nervous System: body system that processes external & internal stimuli & controls the body responses as well as other bodily functions.

18 Respiratory System: body system responsible for the gas exchange process; inhalation of oxygen and exhalation of carbon dioxide. Skeletal System: body system provides a framework for the body; provides protection to internal organs; also works in conjunction with the Muscular System to provide movement. Often more than 1 Organ System works together to accomplish a given task. Examples: Waste removal: Digestive, Excretory & Circulatory Breathing: Respiratory & Circulatory. Movement: Skeletal & Muscular