19. What do the French people call Marie? 20. What is the job for the Queen?

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1 The French Revolution: Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité A New Republic is Born in Blood Political Alliances 1. People began to believe that you can recreate almost everything in society including a.. b.. c.. 2. The revolution saw a feudal land turn its back on tradition and chart a new course for the future. 3. The French Revolution would bring to the poor, to France and establish a whole new order of but progress would come at a price! 4. Robespierre was called the. His words were his. 5. Who built the palace of Versailles? (circle one) Louis XIV or Louis XVI 6. Describe Louis (Capet) soon to be Louis XVI 7. His marriage is a union between the royal families of Austria (Hapsburgs) and France (Bourbons). His wife s name is. She is the youngest daughter of the Austrian empress Theresa. 8. Describe Marie Antoinette 9. What was happening to the poor French citizens outside of the gates of the palace? 10. What war did Louis XV lose that bankrupted France? 11. The French fought the over territory in North. 12. Louis XV died from. 13. What is the age that is the dangerous new age of ideas?

2 The Enlightenment 14. How did Robespierre and Louis XVI first meet? 15. The Enlightenment is a, which says, do not trust. 16. Above all the Enlightenment philosophes championed as the main theme of the Age of Reason. 17. Louis XVI wanted revenge for his grandfather s defeats by giving America too much money, enough to feed million French citizens for a year! This led to financial for France. Madame Deficit 18. What is Marie Antoinette s role in France s debt? 19. What do the French people call Marie? 20. What is the job for the Queen? 21. After a simple surgery, Louis XVI and Marie finally had a. 22. Bad harvests and deregulation raised the cost of leading to a shortage of. Financial Crisis 23. After 19 years of marriage, Louis and Marie have children. 24. The banks force Louis to hire a Finance Minister, Jacques Necker, who was an enlightened thinker. He urges Louis to call a meeting of the Estates. This is the first time in years that this group has been called together. 25. Describe the Estates 1 st 2 nd 3 rd 26. Robespierre represents the estate. He and his colleagues demand that the nobility and clergy pay.

3 27. On June 20, 1789, the doors were locked. The 3 rd estate meets next door at a court (handball) and swears that they will not leave until they have a. This was called the. The new group was called the. To the Bastille 28. Because Louis gathers 30,000 troops around Paris, the people form the National and raid Paris armories taking over muskets (guns). What is the crowd missing? Where do they get it? 29. The Bastille is legendary for and is a symbol of. 30. Louis fires Jacques Necker, his finance minister, the people decide to. 31. On July, 1789, the revolution begins with the mobs attacking the Bastille. The People s Friend 32. The National Assembly meets and a charter is written called The Declaration of the of. 33. The citizens of France demand a Constitutional, rights for all men and under reasonable laws. 34. Jean-Paul Marat created a that was very successful. 35. Thousands of women begin to march towards. They are protesting the shortage of bread. 36. Marie Antoinette did say Let them eat cake. 37. The crowds demand that the King and Queen move to. 38. The King and Queen were forced to return to Paris and they were considered the of Paris. Foreign Assistance 39. Robespierre was seen at the Assembly and the Club, a debating society named for the former Jacobin monastery where they gathered. 40. By 1791, realized that he needed to regain control of France. 41. On June, 1791, the King and Queen disguise themselves as to escape France. 42. They were captured in the city of Varennes close to the border.

4 43. A town official stops the carriage and demands their. The royal family is taken back to Paris. 44. Robespierre wanted to get rid of the penalty. 45. A new killing machine is developed. It is called the. Its nickname is the. 46. Robespierre is against the war with and in April, France declares war on Marie Antoinette s home country. 47., ,000 armed citizens attack the palace in Paris. Louis is officially stripped of his title. The French is born. 48. Robespierre now feels that the King should. Death of a King 49. Robespierre and his Jacobins (radicals) are locked in a battle with the of the Assembly, the Girondins, for control of the national government. 50. A new political movement takes hold ordinary citizens refuse to wear the knee breeches (culottes) of the. They call themselves the sansculottes, meaning those without knee pants. 51. The Sans-Culottes considered themselves the people of France. They worked with their. 52. The Sans-Culottes seized control of city government, while the Jacobins and the Girondins steer the rest of the country from the National Assembly, now called the. 53. France begins losing ground to and. 54. Robespierre concentrates on the internal crisis, but his friend the Minister of, Georges Danton, motivates men to join the war on the frontier. 55. Danton can identify with the people in a way that Robespierre cannot. He inspired many to take to the battlefront by stating,, more boldness, forever boldness and the Fatherland is. 56. So many soldiers were off at war, Paris is left and the jails were bursting with prisoners. 57. Jean Paul Marat calls for the slaughter of all the.

5 58. Prussia has taken and is just miles away from. 59. Panic breaks out and the Sans-Culottes break into the prisons to kill all traitors. More than are left dead in a matter of days. This was known as the Massacre. 60. Even Robespierre understands that things have gone too far; he rises to guide the revolution. He once pushed for a monarchy. He now believes there is no room for a. 61. Louis goes on trial and the debate begins over his punishment. The Girondins wanted to his life. There is only one penalty for, death. 62. On, 1793, Louis XVI is declared guilty and he must. 63. Louis tried to give a speech, I trust that my death will be for the of my people, but I grieve for and I fear that she may suffer the of the Lord. At AM, the king is no more. Noble Blood 64. The execution of Louis XVI marks ultimate for the revolutionaries. A pivotal moment when a young nation, the French Republic, is literally born in. 65. By the end of 1792, the radical Jacobins want more violence and the Girondins representing the people of the French want to slow down the violence. Fearing all of the violence will lead to. 66. Jean Paul Marat disagrees with the moderates, the Girondins, and writes about them in his newspaper. He now calls for deaths. 67. People outside of Paris do not agree with the violence. On July 13,, Charlotte Corday went to Marat s house. His nickname was the of the People. Marat meets with Corday because she claimed to have a list of traitors. a. What did she do? b. Why? 68. Robespierre is of Marat s fame. 69. Marie Antoinette is jailed months after Louis execution. What happens to her son?

6 70. On October, Marie is put on trial. She is accused high and depleting the national treasury. The evidence is made up of mostly rumors. a. What is she charged of next? b. What is her reaction? 71. As people began to see the pointless waste of life, Danton states, Revolutions, my friend, cannot be made with. Defending the Border 72. September 1793, years into the revolution and France is being. 73. Europe is eating at France s borders. One example of this is when the navy takes the ort city of Toulon. 74. Danton and Robespierre institute a form of martial law. This begins, also known as the of Terror. 75. The Convention consolidates power where a -man council is set up called the of. This committee was considered to be a collective. 76. Robespierre calls for more and believes that have changed. He used to believe in freedom of the Press, but now he reinstates. 77. Dechristianization is the idea to destroy the power of the Church. Streets with St. (Saint) in the title were renamed, icons were destroyed and churches were trashed. 78. A new calendar was created. The starting date correlates with September, the overthrow of the monarchy. Months are renamed according to the and broken into weeks of days each. Why create longer weeks? 79. In the city of, where the counter-revolutionaries were gaining ground, the Committee of sets a brutal example. What happened? 80. The French armies begin to see victories. is considered to be a brilliant young commander. Civic Virtue 81. Robespierre s terror has achieved many victories for the revolution. He now dreams up a new goal Use more to mold a new kind of society a Republic of.

7 82. On, 1794, Robespierre outlines his philosophy. He states, Terror without is disastrous but Virtue without Terror is. 83. Danton believes that the revolution is heading down the wrong. He and his followers feel the terror has served its. 84. By spring of, things are getting better. Danton wants to end the terror and normalize society. Robespierre disagrees and executes and his followers. 85. Robespierre launches France into the Terror. This occurred from spring of 1794 to the of On June, 1794, Robespierre declares a new religious holiday, the of the Supreme. He replaces the Catholic God with the of Reason. What did people think of this festival and Robespierre? 87. On June, he gave a speech filled with threats. The next day he is arrested. Robespierre tries to commit but fails. On July, 1794, he is killed by the guillotine. 88. The terror dies with Robespierre but the does not! 89. years would pass before came to power. 90. Do people have the right to overthrow what they see as an unjust system how much violence is justified in doing that? 91. Who do you think was more of a radical, Robespierre or Marat? Why?