Objectives: Introduction. Soil Density and Porosity
|
|
- Clyde Tate
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Density and Porosity SOILS 206 Soil Ecosystem Lab Objectives: 1. Define soil bulk density, particle density, total pore space, and individual pore size. 2. Describe the relationship between soil texture, bulk density, particle density and porosity. 3. Perform calculations involving bulk density, particle density, percent solids and percent pore space. 4. Discuss the factors influencing soil bulk density, particle density and porosity. Introduction Soil is composed of solid material and pores. The solid fraction consists of mineral and organic material. The pores contain variable amounts of water and air. A soil in good condition for plant growth will contain about 50% pore space and 50% solids. While it is sometimes helpful to think of the soil components separately, it should be emphasized that, in a natural soil, the four main soil components are thoroughly mixed. The relationships and interactions between the soil solids and pores are very important and merit much study in soil science. The following exercises are intended to introduce you to the concepts of soil density and soil porosity. Soil Density and Porosity A good understanding of soil density and porosity is essential to soil scientists, engineers, and persons involved in crop and timber production. Soil pores contain air for plant root metabolism and provide a reservoir for water storage. Careful irrigation planning requires that one take into account the porosity as well as the initial moisture content of the soil. Bulk density values provide an extremely useful conversion factor for calculations involving soil mass and soil volume. Bulk density measurements are also used to calculate the total pore volume in a soil as well as the weight of soil to be moved during an excavation. High bulk density values may indicate the presence of compact layers in soil that could restrict root and water penetration. There are two important characteristics of porosity total pore space and the size distribution of the pores. The total pore space of a soil is that portion of the soil volume occupied by air and water. The soil texture, structure, and organic matter content largely determine the amount or total volume of soil pore space. A well-aggregated, fine-textured soil high in organic matter would have high pore space while a massive, coarse-textured or compact soil would have low pore space. Soil pores are generally grouped into two categories: 1. Micropores pores less than 0.06 mm in diameter that are important for water retention and, 2. Macropores pores greater than 0.06 mm in diameter that are important to aeration and saturated water flow. Fall
2 Density Formulas The density of any object is its mass divided by volume it occupies. Soil density is the oven-dried weight per unit volume expressed in g/ cm 3 or Mg/ m 3. We are interested in measuring two different density values: 1. Bulk density (Db), and 2. Particle density (Dp). Bulk Density, Db Bulk density values represent the density of the oven dry soil as a whole; this includes solids and pore space. Db = Ws/ Vt Ws = Oven dry mass of the sample Vt = Total volume of the sample, pore volume + solid volume (cm 3 ). Particle Density, Dp Particle density values represent only the weight of dry soil per unit volume of the soil solids; the pore space is not included in the volume measurement. Dp = Ws/ Vs Ws = Oven dry mass of the sample Vs = Volume of the solids (ONLY) (cm 3 ). Porosity Formula Pore Space, PS The pore space of a soil is that portion of the soil volume occupied by air and water. PS = Vp/ Vt or PS = [1 - (Db/ Dp)] Vp = Volume of the pores * Vt = Total volume of the sample, pore volume + solid volume (cm 3 ). * Vp is difficult to measure, so it is more common to calculate PS from Db and Dp Soil Characteristics of Density and Porosity Fall
3 Bulk density values for mineral soils commonly range from 1.0 to 1.8 Mg/m3. Highly compact subsurface soils usually have high bulk density and low total pore space. In extremely compact soils, where the pore space is near zero, the bulk density value may begin to approach the particle density value. Organic soils, such as Histisols, have very low bulk densities (often less than 1). Bulk density values are affected by soil texture and modified by structure. The large-sized particles in sandy soils tend to pack to fairly defined volumes, which contain few micropores but many macropores. The small aggregated soil particles in a fine-textured soil tend to be separated by many micropores. However, in soils with well-developed structure, large macropores may exist between the peds. In general fine-textured soils (clays and silt loams) exhibit lower bulk densities than coarse-textured soils (sands). However, it is important to note that soil bulk density can vary significantly between soils and within a soil profile and can be influenced by land management. Incorporation of large amounts of organic matter will lower the bulk density while processes that compact the soil will increase bulk density. See p in Gardiner and Miller for a discussion of factors affecting soil bulk density. Tillage operations may have both favorable and unfavorable effects on bulk density and porosity. The short-term effects of tillage are generally beneficial as large clods are broken up and organic matter is returned to the soil. However, intensive cultivation over long periods of time can be detrimental to soil structure. Repeated mixing of the soil hastens the oxidation and loss of organic matter. Numerous passes over a soil with heavy tillage equipment also may break down stable aggregates, increase compaction, and decrease porosity. Furthermore, excessive cultivation significantly increases the potential for soil erosion. Measurements Bulk density is most commonly determined by one of two methods: 1. The core method or 2. The clod method Similarly, particle density may be determined by one of two methods: 1. The displacement technique or 2. The saturation method. Once the bulk and particle density values are known, it is a straightforward calculation to determine pore space. Fall
4 Example 1 A soil core with a height of 6 cm and a diameter of 5 cm weighs 215 g when collected and 188 g when oven-dried. When the core was ground and pored into 100 ml of water, the final volume of the soil-water mixture was 171 ml. Calculate the soil bulk density, particle density, and percent pore space. In this case, use the core method for bulk density and displacement method for particle density. Pore space can be calculated using the bulk and particle density values. Remember that 1 ml of water equals 1 cm 3 of water and that water has a density of 1 Mg/m 3. Bulk density (Db) Ws = oven-dried soil weight = 188 g Vt = πr 2 h = (3.14)(2.5cm) 2 (6cm) = cm 3 Dp = Ws/Vt = 188g/ cm 3 = 1.6 g/cm 3 Particle density (Dp) Vs = volume of water displaced by ground soil = 71 ml or 71 cm 3 Dp = Ws/Vs = 188 g/ 71 cm 3 = 2.65 g/cm 3 Pore space (PS) PS = 1- (Db/ Dp)*100% = 1- (1.6/ 2.65) * 100 = 40% Example 2 A soil clod has an oven-dried weight of 48 g, a saturated weight of 59 g, and weighs 29 g when suspended in water. Bulk density (Db) Vt = volume of water displaced by coated clod = 26 g = 26 cm 3 Db = Ws/ Vt = 48 g/ 29 cm 3 = 1.66 g/ cm 3 Particle density (Dp) Ws = oven-dried soil weight = 48 g Vp = Vw at saturation = 59 g 48 g = 11 g or 11 cm 3 Vs = Vt - Vp = 29 cm 3-11 cm 3 = 18 cm 3 Dp = Ws/ Vs = 48 g/ 18 cm 3 = 2.66 g/ cm 3 Pore space (PS) PS = Vp/ Vt =11 cm 3 / 29 cm 3 = 0.38 cm 3 / cm 3 or 38% or PS = 1 (Db/ Dp) * 100% = 1 (1.66/ 2.66) * 100% = 0.38 cm 3 / cm 3 or 38% Fall
5 Example 3 Weight to Volume Conversion Bulk density is useful to convert soil weight to volume (and vice versa). What is the volume (in cubic meters) of 300 kg of soil with a bulk density = 1.27 g/cm 3? 300 kg 1000 g 1 cm 3 1 m 3 _ = m kg 1.27 g (100 cm) 3 In today s lab, you will be using the core method to calculate the bulk density of your assigned soils at three different depths. Procedure: 1. Measure the height and diameter of the soil core to calculate the volume Volume = (area)(depth) area of a circle = πr 2 and the depth is the length of the core 2. Obtain soil moisture cans with oven-dried samples taken from cores. 3. Determine the sample weight and record it in the data table below 4. Calculate the bulk density of each core. Data sheet: Inside Diameter Radius (Radius) 2 Length Soil Volume Sample Depth (cm) Tin Weight Oven-dry Total Dry Soil Wt. Volume of Core (cm 3 ) Bulk Density (g/cm 3 ) Soil Sample Depth (cm) Tin Weight Oven-dry Total Dry Soil Wt. Volume of Core (cm 3 ) Bulk Density (g/cm 3 ) Fall
Chapter D9. Irrigation scheduling
Chapter D9. Irrigation scheduling PURPOSE OF THIS CHAPTER To explain how to plan and schedule your irrigation program CHAPTER CONTENTS factors affecting irrigation intervals influence of soil water using
More informationName: PLSOIL 105 & 106 First Hour Exam February 27, 2012. Part A. Place answers on bubble sheet. 2 pts. each.
Name: PLSOIL 105 & 106 First Hour Exam February 27, 2012 Part A. Place answers on bubble sheet. 2 pts. each. 1. A soil with 15% clay and 20% sand would belong to what textural class? A. Clay C. Loamy sand
More informationSoil Properties soil texture and classes heat capacity, conductivity and thermal diffusivity moisture conductivity
Lecture 33 Lecture on Soil Physics, part 1 Soil Properties soil texture and classes heat capacity, conductivity and thermal diffusivity moisture conductivity porosity and diffusion i Theory, Heat Transfer
More informationCONSTANT HEAD AND FALLING HEAD PERMEABILITY TEST
CONSTANT HEAD AND FALLING HEAD PERMEABILITY TEST 1 Permeability is a measure of the ease in which water can flow through a soil volume. It is one of the most important geotechnical parameters. However,
More informationMETHOD A10 (a) THE DETERMINATION OF THE IN-PLACE DRY DENSITY OF SOIL OR GRAVEL BY THE SAND REPLACEMENT METHOD
METHOD A10 (a) THE DETERMINATION OF THE IN-PLACE DRY DENSITY OF SOIL OR GRAVEL BY THE SAND REPLACEMENT METHOD 1 SCOPE The in-place dry density of compacted soil or gravel, as defined below, is determined
More informationGRADATION OF AGGREGATE FOR CONCRETE BLOCK
GRADATION OF AGGREGATE FOR CONCRETE BLOCK Although numerous papers have been written concerning the proper gradation for concrete mixes, they have generally dealt with plastic mixes, and very little published
More informationHIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT GUIDANCE NOTES ON SOIL TEST FOR PAVEMENT DESIGN
HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT GUIDANCE NOTES ON SOIL TEST FOR PAVEMENT DESIGN Research & Development Division RD/GN/012 August 1990 HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT GUIDANCE NOTES (RD/GN/012) SOIL TEST FOR PAVEMENT DESIGN Prepared
More informationSPECIFIC GRAVITY OF COARSE AGGREGATE AASHTO T 85
SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF COARSE AGGREGATE AASHTO T 85 GLOSSARY Absorption: The increase in weight due to water contained in the pores of the material. Bulk Specific Gravity (also known as Bulk Dry Specific
More information14.330 SOIL MECHANICS Assignment #4: Soil Permeability.
Geotechnical Engineering Research Laboratory One University Avenue Lowell, Massachusetts 01854 Edward L. Hajduk, D.Eng, PE Lecturer PA105D Tel: (978) 94 2621 Fax: (978) 94 052 e mail: Edward_Hajduk@uml.edu
More informationINTRODUCTION. Agriculture Center of Excellence 500 Tausick Way Walla Walla, WA 99362 www.agcenterofexcellence.com
TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction...1 Materials List for Soils Labs...2 Soils Labs Lab #1: Soil Morphology...4 Exercise A: Determination of Texture by Feel...5 Exercise B: Soil Structure Types...9 Exercise
More informationNOTE: FOR PROJECTS REQUIRING CONTRACTOR MIX DESIGN, THE DESIGN PROCEDURES ARE SPECIFIED IN THE SPECIAL PROVISIONS OF THE CONTRACT.
September 1, 2003 CONCRETE MANUAL 5-694.300 MIX DESIGN 5-694.300 NOTE: FOR PROJECTS REQUIRING CONTRACTOR MIX DESIGN, THE DESIGN PROCEDURES ARE SPECIFIED IN THE SPECIAL PROVISIONS OF THE CONTRACT. 5-694.301
More informationLABORATORY DETERMINATION OF CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO
LABORATORY DETERMINATION OF CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO STANDARD IS: 2720 (Part 16) 1979. DEFINITION California bearing ratio is the ratio of force per unit area required to penetrate in to a soil mass with
More informationApr 17, 2000 LAB MANUAL 1302.0. 1302 PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS OF SOILS AASHTO Designation T 88 (Mn/DOT Modified)
Apr 17, 2000 LAB MANUAL 1302.0 1302 PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS OF SOILS AASHTO Designation T 88 (Mn/DOT Modified) 1302.1 SCOPE This method describes a procedure for the quantitative determination of the distribution
More informationSalinity Management and Soil Amendments for Southwestern Pecan Orchards
Salinity Management and Soil Amendments for Southwestern Pecan Orchards Thomas L. Thompson, Professor and Soils Specialist James L. Walworth, Associate Professor and Soils Specialist Department of Soil,
More informationSoil Mechanics. Soil Mechanics
Soil is the most misunderstood term in the field. The problem arises in the reasons for which different groups or professions study soils. Soil scientists are interested in soils as a medium for plant
More informationTrench Rescue by Buddy Martinette
Trench Rescue by Buddy Martinette SOIL TYPE AND TESTING It is imperative that rescue personnel understand soil types and testing procedures if the want to be competent at trench rescue operations. Determining
More informationPOWDER PROPERTIES LABORATORY
Ground Rules POWDER PROPERTIES LABORATORY You will work as a team of no more than 6 students. At the end of this laboratory session each team will turn in a single report. The report will be reviewed,
More informationCHAPTER 1. SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
SSC107-Fall 2000 Chapter 1, Page - 1 - Contents: CHAPTER 1. SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Soil physics Soil texture Soil surface area Soil structure Volume and mass relationships Water content measurements
More informationKWANG SING ENGINEERING PTE LTD
KWANG SING ENGINEERING PTE LTD 1. INTRODUCTION This report represents the soil investigation works at Aljunied Road / Geylang East Central. The objective of the soil investigation is to obtain soil parameters
More informationApr 17, 2000 LAB MANUAL 1811.0
Apr 17, 2000 LAB MANUAL 1811.0 1811 BULK SPECIFIC GRAVITY (GMB) AND DENSITY OF COMPACTED BITUMINOUS SPECIMENS USING PARAFFIN OR PARAFILM ASTM Designation D 1188 (MN/DOT Modified) 1811.1 SCOPE This test
More informationBMP 6.7.3: Soil Amendment & Restoration
BMP 6.7.3: Soil Amendment & Restoration Soil amendment and restoration is the process of improving disturbed soils and low organic soils by restoring soil porosity and/or adding a soil amendment, such
More informationClassification of the soil at CIMMYT s experimental station in the Yaqui Valley near Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico
Classification of the soil at CIMMYT s experimental station in the Yaqui Valley near Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico Nele Verhulst 1,2, Jozef Deckers 2, Bram Govaerts 1 Summary The soil at the experimental
More informationStandard Test Procedures Manual
STP 205-13 Standard Test Procedures Manual Section: 1. SCOPE 1.1. Description of Test This method describes the procedure for determining the relationship between the moisture and density of fine-grained
More informationStormwater Management Design Brief. Proposed Commercial Redevelopment 5830 Hazeldean Road Ottawa (Stittsville), Ontario.
Stormwater Management Design Brief Proposed Commercial Redevelopment 5830 Hazeldean Road Ottawa (Stittsville), Ontario Prepared For: 1319 Kanata Tires & Rims June 30, 2015 Report No: FS-15-013-REP.02 Stormwater
More informationPenetration Tests in a Mold on Regolith Quasi-Analogues at Different Relative Densities
Penetration Tests in a Mold on Regolith Quasi-Analogues at Different Relative Densities C. Vrettos 1, A. Becker 2, K. Merz 3, and L. Witte 4 1 Division of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Technical
More informationFri_B03 Healthy Soils I. Introduction: Soil or Dirt A. Natural soils and urban soils B. Goals of plants and soil in built landscapes
Fri_B03 Healthy Soils I. Introduction: Soil or Dirt A. Natural soils and urban soils B. Goals of plants and soil in built landscapes II. III. Physical Properties of Soil A. Texture B. Structure C. Density
More informationStandard Test Procedures Manual
STP 206-4 Standard Test Procedures Manual Section: 1. SCOPE 1.1. Description of Test This method describes the procedure for determining the liquid limit, plastic limit and the plasticity index of coarse-grained
More informationPotting Mix Choices and Recommendations
Potting Mix Choices and Recommendations Ted Bilderback Nursery Crops Specialist North Carolina State University There are no "one size fits all" recipes for growing containerized ornamental plants. However,
More informationEXERCISE # 1.Metric Measurement & Scientific Notation
EXERCISE # 1.Metric Measurement & Scientific Notation Student Learning Outcomes At the completion of this exercise, students will be able to learn: 1. How to use scientific notation 2. Discuss the importance
More informationBasic Soil Erosion and Types
Basic Soil Erosion and Types 2015 Wisconsin Lakes Convention Stacy Dehne DATCP Engineer Types of Soil Erosion Rain drop or splash erosion: Erosion preceded by the destruction of the crumb structure due
More informationStrength and Workability Characteristics of Concrete by Using Different Super Plasticizers
International Journal of Materials Engineering 12, 2(1): 7-11 DOI: 1.923/j.ijme.11.2 Strength and Workability Characteristics of Concrete by Using Different Super Plasticizers Venu Malagavelli *, Neelakanteswara
More informationInherent Factors Affecting Soil Nitrogen
Nitrogen (N) is the most abundant element in the atmosphere and is usually the most limiting crop nutrient. Nitrogen cycles through soil in various processes and forms. Some processes are necessary to
More informationMETHOD A7 THE DETERMINATION OF THE MAXIMUM DRY DENSITY AND OPTIMUM MOISTURE CONTENT OF GRAVEL, SOIL AND SAND
SCOPE METHOD A7 THE DETERMINATION OF THE MAXIMUM DRY DENSITY AND OPTIMUM MOISTURE CONTENT OF GRAVEL, SOIL AND SAND Definition The maximum dry density and optimum moisture content, as defined below, is
More informationSoil properties analysis
Soil properties analysis Back ground Soil is a complex, living, changing and dynamic component of the agroecosystem. It is subject to alteration, and can be either degraded or wisely managed. A thorough
More informationOhio Department of Transportation Division of Production Management Office of Geotechnical Engineering. Geotechnical Bulletin PLAN SUBGRADES
Ohio Department of Transportation Division of Production Management Office of Geotechnical Engineering Geotechnical Bulletin GB 1 PLAN SUBGRADES Geotechnical Bulletin GB1 was jointly developed by the Offices
More informationPART I SIEVE ANALYSIS OF MATERIAL RETAINED ON THE 425 M (NO. 40) SIEVE
Test Procedure for PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS OF SOILS TxDOT Designation: Tex-110-E Effective Date: August 1999 1. SCOPE 1.1 This method covers the quantitative determination of the distribution of particle
More informationRelationship between the percentage of clay with liquid limit, plastic limit and plastic index in four different soils texture class
Technical Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences Available online at www.tjeas.com 2013 TJEAS Journal-2013-3-8/697-702 ISSN 2051-0853 2013 TJEAS Relationship between the percentage of clay with liquid
More informationMath Matters: Dissecting Hydrometer Calculations
Math Matters: Dissecting Hydrometer Calculations By Jonathan Sirianni, Laboratory Assessor In the 16th century Galileo and the Tower of Pisa made famous the fact that two objects, no matter their mass,
More informationAppendix D.1. Testing Requirements for Infiltration, Bioretention and Sand Filter Subsoils
Appendix D.1 Testing Requirements for Infiltration, Bioretention and Sand Filter Subsoils General Notes Pertinent to All Testing 1. For infiltration trench (I-1) and basin (I-2) practices, a minimum field
More informationEXPERIMENT 10 CONSTANT HEAD METHOD
EXPERIMENT 10 PERMEABILITY (HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY) TEST CONSTANT HEAD METHOD 106 Purpose: The purpose of this test is to determine the permeability (hydraulic conductivity) of a sandy soil by the constant
More informationEXPERIMENT NO.1. : Vicat s apparatus, plunger
EXPERIMENT NO.1 Name of experiment:to determine the percentage of water for normal consistency for a given sample of cement Apparatus : Vicat s apparatus with plunger of 10mm dia, measuring cylinder, weighing
More informationGUIDELINES FOR SOIL FILTER MEDIA IN BIORETENTION SYSTEMS (Version 2.01) March 2008
GUIDELINES FOR SOIL FILTER MEDIA IN BIORETENTION SYSTEMS (Version 2.01) March 2008 The following guidelines for soil filter media in bioretention systems have been prepared on behalf of the Facility for
More informationThe University of Toledo Soil Mechanics Laboratory
The University of Toledo Soil Mechanics Laboratory 1 Soil Moisture-Density Relationship Standard and Modified Proctor Tests Introduction For earthork construction it is important to compact soils to a
More informationDetermination of Thermal Conductivity of Coarse and Fine Sand Soils
Proceedings World Geothermal Congress Bali, Indonesia, - April Determination of Thermal Conductivity of Coarse and Fine Sand Soils Indra Noer Hamdhan 1 and Barry G. Clarke 2 1 Bandung National of Institute
More informationDryWeight BulkVolume
Test Procedure for BULK SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND WATER ABSORPTION OF AGGREGATE TxDOT Designation: Tex-201-F Effective Date: January 2016 1. SCOPE 1.1 Use this method to determine the bulk specific gravity
More informationINDEX 03010-1 DESCRIPTION 2 03010-2 MATERIALS 2 03010-3 APPROVAL OF SUBBASE COURSE 3 03010-4 CONSTRUCTION 4 03010-5 MEASUREMENT 6 03010-6 PAYMENT 6
03010_Dec22_2009.pdf Page 1 of 5 INDEX Page 03010-1 DESCRIPTION 2 03010-2 MATERIALS 2 03010-3 APPROVAL OF SUBBASE COURSE 3 03010-4 CONSTRUCTION 4 03010-5 MEASUREMENT 6 03010-6 PAYMENT 6 03010_Dec22_2009.pdf
More informationStandard Test Procedures Manual
STP 206-1 Standard Test Procedures Manual Section: 1. SCOPE 1.1. Description of Test 2. APPARATUS This method describes the procedure for determining the relationship between the particle size distribution
More informationAnalysis of Double-Ring Infiltration Techniques and Development of a Simple Automatic Water Delivery System
2005 Plant Management Network. Accepted for publication 25 April 2005. Published. Analysis of Double-Ring Infiltration Techniques and Development of a Simple Automatic Water Delivery System Justin H. Gregory,
More informationThe Great Soil Debate: Understanding competing approaches to soil design ASLA Annual Meeting September 20, 2009
The Great Soil Debate: Understanding competing approaches to soil design ASLA Annual Meeting September 20, 2009 Introduction Over the last 20 years soils design has advanced radically from using stripped
More informationA perforated conduit such as pipe, tubing or tile installed beneath the ground to intercept and convey ground water. or structures.
BMP: SUBSURFACE DRAIN Definition A perforated conduit such as pipe, tubing or tile installed beneath the ground to intercept and convey ground water. PurRoses 1. To prevent sloping soils from becoming
More informationOutline. COST E32 Meeting, Budapest, May 4-5, 2006. Coating layer microstructure and location of binder - results from SEM analysis
Coating layer microstructure and location of binder - results from SEM analysis Tiina Pöhler, Kari Juvonen, Asko Sneck May 4-5, 26 1 Outline Introduction Quantification of coating pore structure Comparison
More informationDetermination of a Chemical Formula
1 Determination of a Chemical Formula Introduction Molar Ratios Elements combine in fixed ratios to form compounds. For example, consider the compound TiCl 4 (titanium chloride). Each molecule of TiCl
More informationSoils, Foundations & Moisture Control
Soils, Foundations & Moisture Control Soil The top loose layer mineral and/or organic material on the surface of the Earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of plants and support for the foundations
More informationNRI Soil Monitoring Network
NRI Soil Monitoring Network Stephen Ogle, Keith Paustian, Karolien Denef, Ram Gurung, F. Jay Breidt Colorado State University Mike Sucik and Daryl Lund USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Goals
More informationZhou Shengen, 1 Zhang Sumin 2
439 CHAPTER 5: SOILS AND FOUNDATIONS EXPLORATION INFORMATION ON THE LIQUEFIED FOUNDATION SOIL IN TANGSHAN AND ITS VICINITY Zhou Shengen, 1 Zhang Sumin 2 Sand boils and waterspouts occurred in an extensive
More informationCOTTON WATER RELATIONS
COTTON WATER RELATIONS Dan R. Krieg 1 INTRODUCTION Water is the most abundant substance on the Earth s surface and yet is the most limiting to maximum productivity of nearly all crop plants. Land plants,
More informationErosion Resistance Performance Comparison Of Natracil, Stabilizer And Envirobond s Organic-Lock
Erosion Resistance Performance Comparison Of Natracil, Stabilizer And Envirobond s Organic-Lock Testing conducted at the Envirobond Test Laboratory, Mississauga, ON Canada Erosion Resistance Performance
More informationSIEVE ANALYSIS OF FINE AND COARSE AGGREGATES
Test Procedure for SIEVE ANALYSIS OF FINE AND COARSE AGGREGATES TxDOT Designation: Tex-200-F Effective Date: January 2016 1. SCOPE 1.1 Use this test method to determine the particle size distribution of
More informationstill different technique of assessment.
D E N S I T Y A N A L Y S I S Micromeritics gas pycnometers are being used worldwide to obtain material density measurements. These measurements are necessary in the manufacture of many of today s products.
More informationCENTER OF GRAVITY, CENTER OF MASS AND CENTROID OF A BODY
CENTER OF GRAVITY, CENTER OF MASS AND CENTROID OF A BODY Dr. Amilcar Rincon-Charris, MSME Mechanical Engineering Department MECN 3005 - STATICS Objective : Students will: a) Understand the concepts of
More informationCEEN 162 - Geotechnical Engineering Laboratory Session 7 - Direct Shear and Unconfined Compression Tests
PURPOSE: The parameters of the shear strength relationship provide a means of evaluating the load carrying capacity of soils, stability of slopes, and pile capacity. The direct shear test is one of the
More informationHIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT GUIDANCE NOTES ON ROAD SURFACE REQUIREMENTS FOR EXPRESSWAYS AND HIGH SPEED ROADS
HIGHWAYS DEPARTMENT GUIDANCE NOTES ON ROAD SURFACE REQUIREMENTS FOR EXPRESSWAYS AND HIGH SPEED ROADS Research & Development Division RD/GN/032 June 2007 1. Purpose ROAD SURFACE REQUIREMENTS FOR EXPRESSWAYS
More informationWeathering, Erosion, and Soils. Weathering and Erosion. Weathering and Erosion
Weathering, Erosion, and Soils 1 The Grand Canyon, a landscape shaped by weathering and erosion 2 Weathering vs. erosion Types of weathering Physical Chemical Rates of weathering and erosion Climate Rock
More informationSoil compaction is the physical consolidation
A3367 Soil compaction: Causes, concerns, and cures Richard Wolkowski and Birl Lowery Compacted soil can cut crop yields by as much as 5% due to reduced aeration, increased resistance to root penetration,
More informationINTRODUCTION TO SOIL MODULI. Jean-Louis BRIAUD 1
INTRODUCTION TO SOIL MODULI By Jean-Louis BRIAUD 1 The modulus of a soil is one of the most difficult soil parameters to estimate because it depends on so many factors. Therefore when one says for example:
More informationCreate Your Own Soil Profile Ac5vity
Create Your Own Soil Profile Ac5vity Middle School: 5-8 Task Overview: Soil profile refers to layers of soil. A typical soil profile takes nearly 1,000 to 100,000 years to form. The formation of the soil
More informationSIEVE ANALYSIS OF FINE AND COARSE AGGREGATES FOP FOR AASHTO T 27 (11)
SIEVE ANALYSIS OF FINE AND COARSE AGGREGATES FOP FOR AASHTO T 27 (11) MATERIALS FINER THAN 75 µm (No. 200) SIEVE IN MINERAL AGGREGATE BY WASHING FOP FOR AASHTO T 11 (11) Scope Sieve analysis determines
More information1.72, Groundwater Hydrology Prof. Charles Harvey Lecture Packet #2: Aquifers, Porosity, and Darcy s Law. Lake (Exposed Water Table)
1.72, Groundwater Hydrology Prof. Charles Harvey Lecture Packet #2: Aquifers, Porosity, and Darcy s Law Precipitation Infiltration Lake (Exposed Water Table) River Water table Saturated zone - Aquifer
More informationSOIL-LIME TESTING. Test Procedure for. TxDOT Designation: Tex-121-E 1. SCOPE 2. APPARATUS 3. MATERIALS TXDOT DESIGNATION: TEX-121-E
Test Procedure for SOIL-LIME TESTING TxDOT Designation: Tex-121-E Effective Date: August 2002 1. SCOPE 1.1 This method consists of three parts. 1.1.1 Part I determines the unconfined compressive strength
More informationPHYSICAL AND PLASTICITY CHARACTERISTICS
0 PHYSICAL AND PLASTICITY CHARACTERISTICS EXPERIMENTS #1-5 CE 3143 October 7, 2003 Group A David Bennett 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Experiment # 1: Determination of Water Content (August 26, 2003) pp. 1-3
More informationChapter Test B. Chapter: Measurements and Calculations
Assessment Chapter Test B Chapter: Measurements and Calculations PART I In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or best answers each question. 1.
More informationChapter 3 Student Reading
Chapter 3 Student Reading If you hold a solid piece of lead or iron in your hand, it feels heavy for its size. If you hold the same size piece of balsa wood or plastic, it feels light for its size. The
More information1 Mobilisation and demobilisation 1 Deep boring sum 2 Cone penetration tests sum 3 Miscellenous tests sum
Malaysian Civil Engineering Standard Method of Measurement (MyCESMM) CLASS D: SITE INVESTIGATION WORK Measurement covered under other classes: Excavation not carried out for the purpose of soil investigation
More informationAPPENDIX B CHARACTERIZATION OF SOILS AT TEST SITES
APPENDIX B HARATERIZATION OF SOILS AT TEST SITES A.1 LAMBTON FAILITY 2015 ANNUAL LANDFILL REPORT BIOMONITORING PROGRAM pendix B haracterization of Soils at Test Sites pendix B HARATERIZATION OF SOILS
More informationSection 1 Tools and Measurement
Section 1 Tools and Measurement Key Concept Scientists must select the appropriate tools to make measurements and collect data, to perform tests, and to analyze data. What You Will Learn Scientists use
More informationThree Methods for Calculating the Buoyant Force Gleue: Physics
Three Methods for Calculating the Buoyant Force Gleue: Physics Name Hr. The Buoyant Force (F b ) is the apparent loss of weight for an object submerged in a fluid. For example if you have an object immersed
More informationLABORATORY CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS FOR ENGINEERING PURPOSES
Test Procedure for LABORATORY CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS FOR ENGINEERING PURPOSES TxDOT Designation: Tex-142-E Effective Date: August 1999 1. SCOPE 1.1 This method is a system for classifying disturbed and
More informationMETHOD OF TEST FOR DETERMINATION OF PERMEABILITY OF GRANULAR SOILS
Laboratory Testing Manual Date: 99 06 21 Page 1 of 7 METHOD OF TEST FOR DETERMINATION OF PERMEABILITY OF GRANULAR SOILS 1. SCOPE 1.1 This method covers the determination of the coefficient of permeability
More informationArea & Volume. 1. Surface Area to Volume Ratio
1 1. Surface Area to Volume Ratio Area & Volume For most cells, passage of all materials gases, food molecules, water, waste products, etc. in and out of the cell must occur through the plasma membrane.
More informationAppendix 1: Units of Measure Used in the Lead-Based Paint Field
Appendix 1: Units of Measure Used in the Lead-Based Paint Field Many of the units, terms, and concepts used in these Guidelines are new to the users. Most of the measures cited are in the Metric System
More informationGEOSYNTHETICS ENGINEERING: IN THEORY AND PRACTICE
GEOSYNTHETICS ENGINEERING: IN THEORY AND PRACTICE Prof. J. N. Mandal Department of civil engineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India. Tel.022-25767328 email: cejnm@civil.iitb.ac.in Module - 4
More informationSaint Gobain Gyproc India Ltd. (Formerly India Gypsum Ltd.)
Saint Gobain Gyproc India Ltd. (Formerly India Gypsum Ltd.) Gyproc Plasters The cracks in cement sand plaster are an inherent feature which cannot be completely prevented but can only be controlled and
More informationMICHAEL BRYAN-BROWN, GREEN MOUNTAIN TECHNOLOGIES, BAINBRIDGE ISLAND, WA JEFF GAGE, COMPOST DESIGN SERVICES, OLYMPIA, WA
Lessons Learned in Aerated Static Pile (ASP) Composting MICHAEL BRYAN-BROWN, GREEN MOUNTAIN TECHNOLOGIES, BAINBRIDGE ISLAND, WA JEFF GAGE, COMPOST DESIGN SERVICES, OLYMPIA, WA ASP Lessons Learned Overview
More informationScheduling Maintenance for Infiltration Basins and Trenches
Visual Inspection for Infiltration Practices Visual inspection is a rapid assessment procedure for qualitatively evaluating the functionality of a stormwater best management practice (BMP). Visual inspections
More informationWhat is Soil Survey?
What is Soil Survey? Soil Survey is a systematic examination, description, classification, and mapping of the soils in a given area. Brady and Weil. 1996 Who Produces Soil Survey Cooperative effort between
More informationAdapt-N Guided Hands-on Exercise
Adapt-N Guided Hands-on Exercise Pointers: Use Mozilla Firefox as your browser. Do not use the BACK button. Make sure to input your locations as 2012 locations (not 2013). Make sure to input a Season End
More informationDIRECT SHEAR TEST SOIL MECHANICS SOIL MECHANICS LABORATORY DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF MORATUWA SRI LANKA
DIRECT SHEAR TEST SOIL MECHANICS SOIL MECHANICS LABORATORY DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF MORATUWA SRI LANKA DIRECT SHEAR TEST OBJEVTIVES To determine the shear strength parameters for a
More informationGeotechnical Investigation Test Report
Geotechnical Investigation Test Report Report No. htsc/rcd/ 3457 Dated: - 20/03/2010 Asphalt Standard Penetration Test as per IS 2131 ------------- IS 6403 Soil Job Card No - 1649 Cement Client/Department
More informationPERMEABILITY TEST. To determine the coefficient of permeability of a soil using constant head method.
PERMEABILITY TEST A. CONSTANT HEAD OBJECTIVE To determine the coefficient of permeability of a soil using constant head method. need and Scope The knowledge of this property is much useful in solving problems
More informationEffect of Using Magnetized Treated Water in Irrigation of Bell Pepper and Beans in AL-Jeftlik Area / West Bank Palestine
Effect of Using Magnetized Treated Water in Irrigation of Bell Pepper and Beans in AL-Jeftlik Area / West Bank Palestine Dia Radeideh Dia Karajeh Nawaf Abu Khalaf Amer Marei 25,Feb,2015 HOW TO MANGE WATER
More information1. Grain Size Distribution Documentation of Calculations
1. Grain Size Distribution Documentation of Calculations The calculations used in the program are fairly simple and for the most part follow ASTM D 422. The following sections present the equations used.
More informationMaejo International Journal of Science and Technology
Maejo International Journal of Science and Technology ISSN 1905-7873 Available online at www.mijst.mju.ac.th Full Paper Field evaluation of slot s for minimum tillage (part 3) - Dried soil cover on the
More informationExperiment 1: Measurement and Density
Experiment 1: Measurement and Density Chemistry 140 Learning Objectives Become familiar with laboratory equipment and glassware Begin to see the link between measurement and chemical knowledge Begin to
More informationInfluence of Climatic Factors on Stormwater Runoff Reduction of Green Roofs
Influence of Climatic Factors on Stormwater Runoff Reduction of Green Roofs North Temperate Zone Greenskins Lab Runoff Retention / Precipitation (Annual %) Vancouver, BC 29% Malmö, Sweden 47 % Rock Springs,
More informationLandscape Irrigation Design Manual
Landscape Irrigation Design Manual c Contents Forward...v Introduction...vii Step one: Understanding basic hydraulics...3 Static water pressure...4 Dynamic water pressure...6 Exercises on basic hydraulics...9
More informationMeasurement of Length, Mass, Volume and Density
Measurement of Length, Mass, Volume and Density Experimental Objective The objective of this experiment is to acquaint you with basic scientific conventions for measuring physical quantities. You will
More informationE4055. Quiz. Soil Classification. Name: SOIL CLASSIFICATION QUESTIONS
E4055 Soil Classification Quiz SOIL CLASSIFICATION Name: Date: QUESTIONS 1 TRUE/FALSE 1. An average cave-in can drop five yards or 13,500 pounds of dirt. 2. A competent person should be knowledgeable of
More informationGas Laws. The kinetic theory of matter states that particles which make up all types of matter are in constant motion.
Name Period Gas Laws Kinetic energy is the energy of motion of molecules. Gas state of matter made up of tiny particles (atoms or molecules). Each atom or molecule is very far from other atoms or molecules.
More informationLATIS. Planting Soils for Landscape Architectural Projects. Barrett L. Kays, FASLA. Landscape Architecture Technical Information Series
LATIS Landscape Architecture Technical Information Series Planting Soils for Landscape Architectural Projects Barrett L. Kays, FASLA LATIS Planting Soils for Landscape Architectural Projects Copyright
More information