A GIS based comparison of alternatives for long distance transportation of energy wood from young forests in Finland

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1 A GIS based comparison of alternatives for long distance transportation of energy wood from young forests in Finland FORMEC, Stralsund Nivala, Mikko; Anttila, Perttu & Laitila, Juha

2 Aim of Study Introduction to the methodology of optimal transportation solutions Introduction to case calculation Forest energy procurement area and availability Modeling logistic Characteristics of different tranportation chains Results Content

3 Aim of study The aim of study was to evaluate long distance transportation solutions and inter modal handling of energy wood from young forests to a combined heat and power plant in central Finland The other focus on this study was to find suitable areas for future demand of forest energy

4 Introduction to the methodology The study follows similar procedure as, e.g., the papers by Anttila et al. (2011) and Tahvanainen and Anttila (2011). The main steps of the estimation procedure are as follows: Select the end user(s) and define the procurement area Estimate the availability of the energy wood resources on the procurement area Decide upon the supply chains to be compared Calculate costs of each working phase and the total cost of chips delivered at plant.

5 Defining procurement area and estimating wood energy potential

6 Estimating the potential Potential has been calculated using National Forest Inventory data: Choosing plots which needs first thinning during the next five year planning period Erasing the plots that are restricted to do forest energy harvesting or any management Simulating harvesting for the (selected) plots using the best practise guidelines (Tapio) Calculating/simulating harvesting accummulation for each single plot including volume, avarage size and tree species After that, potential of whole tree and delimbed stem wood harvesting have been estimated for municipality level using representing plots from NFI, plot area and municipality information (as in Anttila etc.2009)

7 From potential to availability Reduced the use of wood energy in power plants of Kainuu region using the statistic collected by Metla (Ylitalo 2012). Reduced the use of wood energy in small properties in Kainuu region (Torvelainen 2009) Reduced the competitive use of small trees for pulp and paper production (MetInfo and Torvelainen 2011) The availability is not taking care the willingness of forest owners to sell wood energy

8 Modeling logistic

9 Defining the stands location, terminals and end user (Power plant in Kokkola) 800 grid points (5 km x 5km), from which 776 are representing stands (located in Forest). 26 of those stand points couldn t be harvested/reached (on island, no road for trucks, bad bridge = too long forwarding distance) For each stand point has been calculate the distance: From stand to to end users place in Kokkola (Digitised by using ArcGIS) From stands to train terminals. In this study we used the following terminals in Kainuu: Pesiökylä, Ypykkävaara and Laajakangas (Kontiomäki). Digitised using ArcGIS. From terminals to end users place in Kokkola Totally different routes from each stand to power plant were 750, from each stand to each terminal 3x 750 = 2250 and from each terminals to power plant 3. Totally there were 7500 different combination of routes and the most effective ones were chosen using the shortest distance. Using MS Accessin, the wood energy availabilty was added to each stand point

10

11 Forested areas were selected from land cover classification data Nature conservation and Natura area were identified Grid points were overlaid with the municipality boundaries, forested areas and conservation areas to represent stands on forests available for wood supply (those 776 from 800 points)

12 Characteristics of Supply chains Forest Road Railway / terminal Plant

13 Whole tree supply chains Chipping to container Felling, bunching & forwarding of whole trees CHAIN 5 Chipping to truck Truck transport of containers CHAIN 2 Truck transport of whole trees CHAIN 4 Truck transport of chips Unloading of containers to ground Chipping to container Chipping to train Chipping to ground CHAIN 1 Loading of containers to train CHAIN 3 Loading of chips to train container Train transport of containers Train transport of chips Train transport of chips Unloading of chips from containers Unloading of chips from train containers Unloading of chips from train containers Unloading of chips from truck

14 Delimbed stemwood supply chains Felling, bunching & forwarding of stemwood CHAIN 6 CHAIN 7 Truck transport of stemwood Truck transport of stemwood (70 t) Truck transport of stemwood (76 t) Unloading of stemwood to train Unloading of stemwood to ground Loading of stemwood to train CHAIN 8 CHAIN 9 CHAIN 10 Train transport of stemwood Unloading of stemwood from train Unloading of stemwood from truck Chipping & handling

15 COSTS Cost calculation has been done mainly using Microsoft Excel Productivity and cost calculation of different supply chains are based on the newest possible research in harvesting of wood energy, chipping and truck transportation Cost parameters has been updated with help of cost index New bigger loads has been used for stemwood truck transportation (earlier only 60t was possible in Finland but in this calculation also 68t and 76t trucks has been used as the new regulation will come to Finland). Different sources for train transportation costs were used

16 RESULTS

17 DELIMBED STEMWOOD CHEAPER THAN WHOLETREE TRAIN TRANSPORT IS EXPENSIVE

18

19 Cost of Chains

20 Conclusion Comparing whole tree chains and delimbed stemwood chains, the delimbed stemwood chains were more cost effective Truck transportation chains were in this Finnish case more comptetitive than train transportation chains (inter modal handling) when using bigger truck loads (68t and 76t) Cost calculation do not include stumpage price Calculation has not been done for other wood energy sources such as stumps or forest residues from final fellings

21 Comparison of Logistical Options using visualisation in ArcGIS

22 CHAIN 5, WHOLE TREE: Roadside chipping + Truck transport (60t container

23 CHAIN 2, WHOLE TREE: Truck transport (60t) + Chipping to Container+ Train Transport of Container

24 Comparison of the Whole tree procurement

25 Delimbed stemwood procurement

26 Comparison of Wholetree and Stemwood transportation

27 References Anttila, P., Korhonen, K.T. & Asikainen, A Forest energy potential of small trees from young stands in Finland. In: Mia Savolainen (ed.). Bioenergy Sustainable Bioenergy Business. 4th International Bioenergy Conference from 31st of August to 4th of September Book of Proceedings Part I. FINBIOn julkaisusarja FINBIO Publications 1(44) p Anttila, P., Nivala, M., Laitila, J. & Korhonen, K.T Metsähakkeen alueellinen korjuupotentiaali ja käyttö. Metlan työraportteja / Working Papers of the Finnish Forest Research Institute s Laitila, J. & Väätäinen, K Kokopuun ja rangan autokuljetus ja haketustuottavuus. Metsätieteen aikakauskirja 2/2011: Peltola, A. & Ihalainen, A Metsävarat. Teoksessa: Ylitalo, E. Metsätilastollinen vuosikirja s Tahvanainen, T. & Anttila, P Supply chain cost analysis of long distance transportation of energy wood in Finland. Biomass & Bioenergy 35(8): Torvelainen, J Puun korjuu ja kuljetus. Teoksessa: Metsätilastollinen vuosikirja 2011 sivut Ylitalo, E. Energiapuun käyttötilasto 2012 (ei julkisesti saatavilla) Äijälä, O., Kuusinen, M. & Koistinen, A Hyvän metsänhoidon suositukset energiapuun korjuuseen ja kasvatukseen. Metsätalouden kehittämiskeskus Tapio. 31 s. Saatavissa: GIS: Roads: Digiroad ( Tiehallinto/Digiroad 2010) Railways: MML, license MYY/179/06 V Railway Terminals: RHK Non Forestry Land: CLC2000 ( SYKE, MMM, MML, VRK) Conservation areas ( Metsähallitus, SYKE) Natura 2000 areas ( SYKE)

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