Forest inventory forest biomass assessment

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2 2 Forest inventory forest biomass assessment Karelia University of Applied Sciences Centre for Bioeconomy Ari Talkkari

3 Biomass resources? 3 TEEIC 2013

4 Contents 4 - Introduction - Inventory strategies - Forest resources - Biomass assessment - Bioenergy potential

5 5 Introduction - EU aims at increasing the energy use of biomasses - 20 % of energy consumption and 10 % traffic fuels in Forest resources and agricultural biomasses are the most important sources of renewable biomass in EU - Increasing energy use of forest biomasses affects forestry and forest industry Metla 2007

6 6 Introduction - Important sources of wood energy in Finland are some side products of forest industry - Residues, sawdust, bark and waste fix - The most important wood fuel is bark - 7,5 mill. m 3, 60 % of wood fuels - Forest chips are another important wood fuel - Total use in 2007 was 3 mill. m 3 - In 2011 the use increased to 7.5 mill. m 3 Repola et al. 2009, Metla 2012a

7 Contents 7 - Introduction - Inventory strategies - Forest resources - Biomass assessment - Bioenergy potential

8 Inventory strategies 8 - Strategic planning in country scale - General goals are e.g. sustainable wood production, maintaining nature biodiversity - Political decisions and legislation - National Forest Inventory (NFI) - Strategic/tactical planning in regional scale - Forest plans are e.g. calculations about timber supply, amount of energy wood and area of silvicultural management - Inventory is based on LiDAR remote sensing with reference sample plots - Management units are forest stands delineated from aerial photos - Tactical planning in farm scale - Operative planning in forest stand scale

9 9 National Forest Inventory 5 sampling regions Systematic sampling Sample plots in clusters Every fourth cluster permanent Korhonen et al. 2006

10 10 National Forest Inventory Sampling clusters in NFI (left southern, right northern Finland) Distance between clusters varies 6, 7 and 10 km by regions Crosses are permanent clusters, blacks are measured and circles unmeasured clusters Korhonen et al. 2006

11 Multi-source National 11 Forest Inventory Metla 2013

12 Airborne Laser Scanning - Equipment which measures the height and location of the trees is attached to an aeroplane - The data is combined with the aerial photographs and field measurements - The field data is measured from certain gps-located sample plots - Field measurements are needed in modelling and interpreting the LiDaR data 12

13 Maltamo et al

14 14 Diameter distribution Measured Weibull distribution ALS interpretation Maltamo et al. 2008

15 Contents 15 - Introduction - Inventory strategies - Forest resources - Biomass assessment - Bioenergy potential

16 Forest resources (NFI) 16 Metla 2012b

17 Forest resources (NFI) 17 Metla 2012b

18 Forest resources (NFI) 18 Metla 2012b

19 19 Forest resources (MS-NFI) Metla 2011

20 Contents 20 - Introduction - Inventory strategies - Forest resources - Biomass assessment - Bioenergy potential

21 Biomass assessment 21 Tree parts % of dry mass Stem % Stump % Roots % Branches % Leaves or needles 5-8 % Van Laar & Acka 1997

22 Biomass assessment 22 Method Independent variables Aplicable to BEF (Biomass expansion factors) Stem volume, stand age Forest stand Volume to biomass Stem volume Forest stand Hakkila Diameter, canopy ratio Tree Marklund Diameter, height Tree Valentine (canopy ratio model) Basal area, foliage mass / foliage area Valentine Basal area, foliage mass / foliage area, canopy ratio Forest stand Forest stand Lehtonen 2005

23 Biomass assessment 23 Lehtonen 2005

24 Biomass assessment 24 Scots pine Inventory data Sp Age, y BA, m 2 /ha Density, stems/ha D, cm H, m V, m 3 /ha Comm, m 3 /ha Pine Pine Spruce Biomass, MELA 2007 Marklund s models V, m 3 /ha BM, t/ha Stem, t/ha Stump+ roots, t/ha Stand Removal ,5 4,5 Calculated Canopy, t/ha

25 Biomass assessment Scots pine Norwayspruce 25 Repola 2009

26 Biomass assessment 26 Norway spruce Biomass of stem and bark, t/ha Below Above Meters

27 Contents 27 - Introduction - Inventory strategies - Forest resources - Biomass assessment - Bioenergy potential

28 Use of wood biomass 28 Statistics Finland 2012

29 29 Bioenergy potential - Clear-cut residues - the most cost-effective % of forest chips - Stump chippings - Clear-cut stands of spruce - Over 10 % of forest chips - Smallwood of young forests - 25 % of forest chips Repola et al. 2009

30 30 Bioenergy potential - Removal of energy wood - I Technical potential - Planned clear-cuttings, tending of young stands and first thinning will come true in coming 5 years - II Recent cuttings - The area of clear-cut, tending of young stands and first thinning remain at the level of past 5 years Repola et al. 2009

31 Bioenergy potential 31 Young forests Mature forests Recent cuttings Technical potential Repola et al. 2009

32 Bioenergy potential 32 Repola et al. 2009

33 Bioenergy potential 33 Small wood Cutting residues Stumps Use 2012 Current use Technical potential Recent cuttings Repola et al. 2009

34 Bioenergy potential 34 Tomppo et al. 2005

35 35

36 Sources 36 - Korhonen, K.T., Heikkinen, J., Henttonen, H., Ihalainen, A., Pitkänen, J. & Tuomainen, T Suomen metsävarat Metsätieteen aikakauskirja 1B/2006: van Laar, A. & Akca, A Forest mensuration. - Lehtonen, A Estimating foliage biomass in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) plots. Tree Physiology 25(7): Maltamo, M., Packalén, P., Uuttera, J., Ärölä, E. & Heikkilä, J Laserkeilaustulkinnan hyödyntäminen metsä-suunnittelun tietolähteenä. Metsätieteen aikakauskirja 4/ Metla Bioenergiaa metsistä Tutkimus- ja kehittämisohjelma, Metla. - Metla Products and services. - Metla 2012a. Metsätilastotiedote 16/2012. Puun energiakäyttö (Consumption of energy wood in 2011).

37 Sources 37 - Metla 2012b. Forest reources. - Metla Multi-source National Forest Inventory (M-S NFI). - Repola, J Biomass equations for Scots pine and Norway spruce in Finland. Silva Fennica 43(4): Repola, J., Asikainen, A., Anttila, P., Lehtoniemi, J. & Nivala, V Lapin bioenergiaraaka-aineen saannon selvitys. - Statistics Finland TEEIC Biomass Energy Resources in the United States. - Tomppo, E., Haakana, M., Katila, M., Mäkisara, K. & Peräsaari, J The Multi-source National Forest Inventory of Finland methods and results Working Papers of the Finnish Forest Research Institute 111.

Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations GLOBAL FOREST RESOURCES ASSESSMENT 2005 FINLAND COUNTRY REPORT

Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations GLOBAL FOREST RESOURCES ASSESSMENT 2005 COUNTRY REPORT Global Forest Resources Assessment 2005 Country Report 054 Rome, 2005