Creating America: A History of the United States, Beginnings to World War I

Transcription

1 McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifflin Company correlated to Creating America: A History of the United States, Beginnings to World War I Category 2: Social Sciences, Grades 6-8

2 McDougal Littell Creating America: Beginnings through World War I correlated to the CIVICS AND GOVERNMENT: Understand and apply knowledge about governmental and political systems, and the rights and responsibilities of citizens. Understand the origins, purposes, and functions of U.S. government, including the structure and meaning of the U.S. Constitution , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 241c, 241d, , , , , , , , , , 282 Understand the purposes of government and the basic constitutional principles of the United States republican form of government. Understand the purposes of government as stated in the Constitution and the specific provisions that limit the power of government in order to protect the rights of individuals. Distinguish the purposes of government as stated in the Preamble , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 248, , 248, , , , , 241c, 241d, , , , , , , , , , , , 238, , 241c, 241d, , , , , , , , , , 282 * Bolded references represent exemplars. References in regular type represent other examples.

3 Understand how the power of government is limited in the United States. Recognize the provisions of the Bill of Rights (Amendments 1-10) that protect individual rights. Understand the organization, responsibilities, and interrelationships of local, state, and federal governments in the United States. Understand the responsibilities and interrelationships of local, state, and national government in the U.S. Identify and distinguish how powers and responsibilities are distributed and balanced among the federal, state, and local levels. Identify the power and/or responsibility of each level of government. Understand how laws are made and enforced at the federal, state, and local levels , 237, , 247, , 259, 264, 268, , 239, , 247, , , , 245, 249, , 259, 261, , , , , , 245, 249, , 259, 261, , , , , , 245, 249, , 259, 261, , , , , 245, , , , , , 259, 261, , , , 236, 237, 238, , 241c, 241d, 247, , 259, 264, 268, , 236, 237, 238, 239, , 241d, 247, , , 241c, 245, 248, 249, , 259, 261, , , , , , 241c, 245, 248, 249, , 259, 261, , , , , , 241c, 245, 248, 249, , 259, 261, , , , , 241c, 245, 248, , , , , 249, , 259, 261, , ,

4 Understand the roles of the three branches of government and explain how their powers are distributed and shared , , 256, 258, 259, , , , 248, , 256, 258, 259, , , Understand the roles and powers of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. Understand the powers of each branch of government as stated in the Constitution. Understand the basic idea of checks and balances of each branch of the federal government. Identify the legislative, executive, and judicial institutions at each level of government. Understand the powers and responsibilities of the executive branch of government. Understand how courts are organized by level and jurisdiction, and that law is divided into Constitutional Law, criminal law, and civil law , , 256, 258, 259, , , , , 256, 258, 259, , , , , 259, , , , 248, , 256, 258, 259, , , , 248, , 256, 258, 259, , , , , 259, , , , , 258, 259, , , 248, , 258, 259, , , 256, 258, 259, , 256, 258, 259, , , 268, , , 268,

5 Understand personal and political rights of citizens in the United States. Understand the roles, rights, and responsibilities of citizens in the United States. Understand citizens rights and how the Constitution protects those rights. Identify and understand the rights of citizens guaranteed under the Bill of Rights. Understand participatory responsibilities of citizens in the community (voluntarism) and in the political process (becoming informed about public issues and candidates, joining political parties/interest groups/associations, communicating with public officials, voting, influencing lawmaking through such processes as petitions/initiatives). Understand the participatory obligations of U.S. citizens , , 241, , 247, , , 273, 277, , , , , , , , , , 241, , 247, , , 273, 277, , , , , , , , , , 241, , 247, , , 273, 277, , 282, , , , , , , 241, , 247, , , 282, , 198, 247, , , 287, 300, 372, 427, 469, 612, , 198, 247, , , 287, 300, 372, 427, 469, 612, , , 241, 241d, , 247, , , 273, 277, , , , , , , , , , 241, 241d, , 247, , , 273, 277, , , , , , , , , , 241, 241d, , 247, , , 273, 277, , 282, , , , , , , 241, 241d, , 247, , , 282, , 198, 247, , , 287, 300, 372, 427, 469, 612, , 198, 247, , , 287, 300, 372, 427, 469, 612, 664 4

6 Understand how citizens can make their voices heard in the political process. Identify and give examples of ways that citizens can let their opinions be known in the political process. Understand how government is influenced and changed by support and dissent of individuals, groups, and international organizations. Understand how individuals, groups, and international organizations influence government. Identify and give examples of how groups and organizations can influence the actions of government. 142, 198, 247, , , 287, 300, 372, 427, 469, 612, , 198, 247, , , 287, 300, 372, 427, 469, 612, , 283, , 304, , , 350, , 362, , , 388, , , , , , 604, , , , , , 703c, 723, , , 283, , 304, , , 350, , 362, , , 388, , , , , , 604, , , , , , 703c, 723, , , 283, , 304, , , 350, , 362, , , 388, , , , , , 604, , , , , , 723, , , 198, 247, , , 287, 300, 372, 427, 469, 612, , 198, 247, , , 287, 300, 372, 427, 469, 612, , 283, , 304, , , 350, , 362, 365c, 365d, , , 388, 419c, , , , 453d, , , 604, 635d, , , , , , 703c, 723, , , 283, , 304, , , 350, , 362, 365c, 365d, , , 388, 419c, , , , 453d, , , 604, 635d, , , , , , 703c, 723, , , 283, , 304, , , 350, , 362, 365c, 365d, , , 388, 419c, , , , 453d, , , 604, 635d, , , , , , 703c, 723, ,

7 Identify and give examples of how groups and organizations can influence government policy or decisions and describe how these actions can lead to such influence. Understand how nations interact with each other, how events and issues in other countries can affect citizens in the United States, and how actions and concepts of democracy and individual rights of the United States can affect other peoples and nations. Understand how the United States government relates and interacts with other nations. Understand how actions of the U.S. government affect citizens of both the United States and other countries. Know how the U.S. government affects citizens of other countries. 242, 283, , 304, , , 350, , 362, , , 388, , , , , , 604, , , , , , 723, , , , , 333, 335, , , 570, , , 667, , , , , 696, 699, 700, , , , , , , 333, 335, , , 570, , , 667, , , , , 696, 699, 700, , , , , , , 333, 335, , , 570, , , 667, , , , , 696, 699, 700, , , , , , 570, , , , , 696, 699, 714, 716, , , , 283, , 304, , , 350, , 362, 365c, 365d, , , 388, 419c, , , , 453d, , , 604, 635d, , , , , , 703c, 723, , , 309c, , , 333, 335, , , 570, , , 667, , , , , 696, 699, 700, , , , , 309c, , , 333, 335, , , 570, , , 667, , , , , 696, 699, 700, , , , , 309c, , , 333, 335, , , 570, , , 667, , , , , 696, 699, 700, , , , , , 570, , , , , 696, 699, 714, 716, , ,

8 Know how U.S. government actions with other nations affect citizens of the United States. Analyze major political systems of the world. Understand that there are different ways for governments to be organized and to hold power. Understand various forms of government. Compare and contrast various forms of government to the United States government , , , 333, 335, , 667, , , , 700, , 716, , , , 38, 44-48, 54-55, 62, 68, 98-99, , 152, 187, 602, , , , , , 38, 44-48, 54-55, 62, 68, 98-99, , 152, 187, 602, , , , , , 38, 44-48, 54-55, 62, 68, 98-99, , 152, 187, 602, , , , , , 38, 44-48, 54-55, 62, 68, 98-99, , 152, 187, 602, , , , , , 309c, , , 333, 335, , 667, , , , 700, , 716, , , , 38, 44-48, 54-55, 62, 68, 98-99, , 152, 187, 272, 602, , , , , , 38, 44-48, 54-55, 62, 68, 98-99, , 152, 187, 272, 602, , , , , , 38, 44-48, 54-55, 62, 68, 98-99, , 152, 187, 272, 602, , , , , , 38, 44-48, 54-55, 62, 68, 98-99, , 152, 187, 272, 602, , , , , 737 7

9 Analyze the concepts of political power, authority, conflict, and conflict management , 38, 40-41, 44-45, 46, 48, 54-55, 61-62, 63-66, 73-74, 80, , , , , , , , , , , , 219, 220, , 224, 225, , , , , 292, , 297, 300, 302, , , , 314, , , 333, , , 356, , 362, 367, , , , , , , , 455, 459, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 698, 699, , , , , 727, , , , 38, 40-41, 44-45, 46, 48, 54-55, 61-62, 63-66, 73-74, 80, , , 155c, 155d, , , , , , , , , , 217c, 217d, 219, 220, , 224, 225, , , 241c, , , 289c, 292, , 297, 300, 302, , , , 314, , , 333, , , 356, , 362, 365c, 365d, 367, , , , , , , , 453d, 455, 459, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 529c, 534, 536, 542, 564, 621, 622, 652, , 655d, 660, , , , 675d, , 697, 698, 699, , 703c, , , , 727, , ,

10 ECONOMICS: Understand economic concepts and principles and how available resources are allocated in a market economy. Understand that resources are limited (e.g., scarcity). Understand the economic concept of scarcity , 458, , , , 458, , , , 458, , , , 458, , , 725 Understand incentives in a market economy that influence individuals and businesses in allocating resources (time, money, labor, and natural resources). Know that people respond predictably to positive and negative incentives , , , 130, 319, 340, , , , 362, 386, 391, 392, , 401, , , , , 458, 509, 532, , , , 556, , , 583, 584, , 594, 597, , 604, 627, 691, , , , , , , 130, 319, 340, , , , 362, 386, 391, 392, , 401, , , , , 458, 509, 532, , , , 556, , , 583, 584, , 594, 597, , 604, 627, 691, , , , d, , , , 130, 319, 340, , , , 362, 386, 389c, 389d, 391, 392, , 401, , , , , 458, 509, 532, , , , 553d, 556, , , 581d, 583, 584, , 594, 597, , 604, 627, 691, , , , d, , , , 130, 319, 340, , , , 362, 386, 389c, 389d, 391, 392, , 401, , , , , 458, 509, 532, , , , 553d, 556, , , 581d, 583, 584, , 594, 597, , 604, 627, 691, , , ,

11 Understand economic trade-offs and how choices result in both costs and benefits to individuals and society. Understand how trade-offs and opportunity costs are decisions that can be measured in terms of costs and benefits. Understand how trade-offs and opportunity costs can be identified and measured. Know and give examples of how changes in the economy impose costs on some and benefits on others because they arbitrarily redistribute purchasing power. Distinguish between needs and wants in the U.S. and other countries of the world, and the impact of the media. Understand how conditions in an economy influence and are influenced by the decisions of consumers, producers, economic institutions, and government. Understand the concept of supply and demand. 214, 458, 627, 692, , , , 458, 627, 692, , , , 458, 627, 692, , , , 44-48, 54, 59, 60, 70, 74-75, 86-87, 104, , , , , 152, , 345, , 362, 509, , 550, , , 580, 584, , 593, , , , , , , 61-62, 74-75, 77, 81, , , , , , 214, 458, 627, 692, , , , , 214, , 386, 458, , 576, , , , , , 214, , 386, 458, , 576, , , , , 458, 627, 692, , , , 458, 627, 692, , , , 458, 627, 692, , , , 44-48, 54, 57d, 59, 60, 70, 74-75, 86-87, 104, , , , , 152, , 345, , 362, 509, , 550, , , 580, 581c, 584, , 593, , , , , , , 61-62, 74-75, 77, 81, , , , , , 214, 458, 627, 692, , , , , 214, , 386, 458, , 576, , , , , , 214, , 386, 458, , 576, , , ,

12 Understand how price is an incentive for both buyers and producers/sellers in the marketplace. Understand how supply and demand respond predictably to changes in economic circumstances. Understand economic concepts, principles, and factors affecting the allocation of available resources in an economy. Understand and evaluate the underlying philosophies and characteristics of various economic systems, including that of the U.S. economy. Understand how decisions regarding what to produce, how to produce, and for whom to produce are answered in various economic systems. Understand how decisions about production are made in traditional, capitalist, and command economies , , 214, , 386, 458, , 576, , 709, 711, , , 214, , 386, 458, , 576, , 709, 711, , , 214, , 457, , 576, 593, , , , , , 214, , 457, , 576, 593, , , , , , 214, , 457, , 576, 593, , , , , , 214, , 457, , 576, 593, , , , , , 214, , 386, 458, , 576, , 709, 711, , , 214, , 386, 458, , 576, , 709, 711, , , 213, 214, 343, , 457, , 576, 593, , , , , , 213, 214, 343, , 457, , 576, 593, , , , , , 213, 214, 343, , 457, , 576, 593, , , , , , 213, 214, 343, , 457, , 576, 593, , , ,

13 Understand the role of government and institutions (i.e., banks, labor unions) in various economic systems in an economy. Understand the role of government and institutions in an economy. Understand how banks function within the economy. Identify and give examples of the services of a bank, and know the role of banks in the economy. Understand the interdependence of the global economy and the role played by the United States , 368, , 388, 586, 594, 603, 604, , , 724, , 368, , 388, 586, 594, 603, 604, , , 724, , 368, , 388, 586, , , 368, , 388, 586, , , 386, , 583, , , , , 714, , , , 368, , 386, 388, 586, 594, 602, 603, 604, , , 724, , , 368, , 386, 388, 586, 594, 602, 603, 604, , , 724, , 368, , 388, 586, , , 368, , 388, 586, , , 386, , 581c, 581d, 583, , , , , 714, , Understand how the United States economy relates and interacts with other nations. Identify and give examples of how the United States economy affects citizens of both the United States and other countries. Give examples of how the United States economy affects citizens of the United States. Give examples of how the United States economy affects citizens of other countries , 386, , 583, , , , , 714, , , 386, , 583, , , , , , , , 386, , 583, , , , , , , , 386, , 581c, 581d, 583, , , , , 714, , , 386, , 581c, 581d, 583, , , , , , , , 386, , 581c, 581d, 583, , , , , , , , 719, 721, , 719, 721,

14 Understand how money makes it easier to trade, borrow, save, invest, and compare the value of goods and services. Understand the purpose and functions of money in the economy. Understand the function of money. Understand how money functions as a means of exchange, a store of value, and a measure of value. Apply economic concepts and principles to issues of personal finance. Demonstrate the knowledge and skills necessary to make reasoned and responsible financial decisions as a consumer, producer, saver, and investor in a market economy. Understand factors that determine personal income and predict future earnings, based on plans for education and training. Understand how a wage or salary is the price of labor, and is usually determined by the supply and demand for labor , 86-87, 213, 255, , 509, 521, , 594, , 709, , 86-87, 213, 255, , 509, 521, , 594, , 709, , 86-87, 213, 255, , 509, 521, , 594, , 709, , 86-87, 213, 255, , 509, 521, , 594, , 709, , 86-87, 296, , , , 362, 368, , 388, 583, 586, 594, , 616, 693, 703, 709, 710, 722, 724, , 86-87, 296, , , , 362, 368, , 388, 583, 586, 594, , 616, 693, 703, 709, 710, 722, 724, , , , 362, 583, , 616, 693, 703, 709, 710, 724, , , , 583, , 616, 693, 709, 710, , 86-87, 213, 255, , 509, 521, , 594, , 709, , 86-87, 213, 255, , 509, 521, , 594, , 709, , 86-87, 213, 255, , 509, 521, , 594, , 709, , 86-87, 213, 255, , 509, 521, , 594, , 709, , 86-87, 296, , , , 362, 368, , 388, 581d, 583, 586, 594, , 616, 693, 703, 703d, 709, 710, 722, 724, , 86-87, 296, , , , 362, 368, , 388, 581d, 583, 586, 594, , 616, 693, 703, 703d, 709, 710, 722, 724, , , , 362, 581d, 583, , 616, 693, 703, 703d, 709, 710, 724, , , , 581d, 583, , 616, 693, 709, 710,

15 Understand that people s incomes, in part, reflect choices they have made about education, training, skill development, and careers. Understand how workers can increase their productivity by improving their skills or by using tools and machinery. Understand different ways that people invest and save. Understand that banks and credit unions are institutions where people save money and earn interest, and where other people borrow money and pay interest. Understand that stocks, bonds, and other investments are ways people earn money. 45, , , 616, 709, 710, 724, , , , , 362, 616, 709, 710, , , , 616, 709, 710, 724, , , , , 362, 616, 703d, 709, 710, , 296, 368, , 388, 586, 594, 86-87, 296, 368, , 388, 586, 594, 703, 709, , 709, , 368, , 388, 586, 709, , 368, , 388, 586, 709, , 594, 703, , 594, 703,

16 GEOGRAPHY: Understand and use geographic skills and concepts to interpret contemporary and historical issues. Understand the spatial concepts of location, distance, direction, scale, movement, and region. S20-S23, 2-3, 4-5, 6-9, 14-15, 16-19, 20-21, 28, 33, 40, 51, 55, 60, 63, 67, 72, 74, 84, 87, 95, 102, 108, 110, 111, 115, 120, 124, 125, 127, 131, 148, 150, 153, 172, 187, 195, 197, 203, 209, 213, 217, 223, 226, 241, 256, 299, 305, 312, 320, 324, 331, 350, 355, 357, 363, 376, 392, 395, 398, 401, 405, 407, 408, 410, 419, 425, 446, 447, 464, 473, 477, 483, , 499, , 517, 527, 551, 558, 563, 581, 592, 598, 599, 644, 645, 652, 660, 665, 669, 670, 672, 680, 688, 697, 701, 715, 731, A2-A21, R22-R23, R25-R27 S20-S23, 2-3, 4-5, 6-9, 14-15, 16-19, 20-21, 28, 33, 40, 51, 55, 60, 63, 67, 72, 74, 84, 87, 95, 102, 108, 110, 111, 115, 120, 124, 125, 127, 131, 148, 150, 153, 172, 187, 195, 197, 203, 209, 213, 217, 223, 226, 241, 256, 299, 305, 312, 320, 324, 331, 350, 355, 357, 363, 376, 392, 395, 398, 401, 405, 407, 408, 410, 419, 425, 446, 447, 464, 473, 477, 483, , 499, , 517, 527, 551, 558, 563, 581, 592, 598, 599, 644, 645, 652, 660, 665, 669, 670, 672, 680, 688, 697, 701, 715, 731, A2-A21, R22-R23, R25-R27 Understand and use spatial concepts of geography. S20-S23, 2-3, 4-5, 6-9, 14-15, 16-19, 20-21, 28, 33, 40, 51, 55, 60, 63, 67, 72, 74, 84, 87, 95, 102, 108, 110, 111, 115, 120, 124, 125, 127, 131, 148, 150, 153, 172, 187, 195, 197, 203, 209, 213, 217, 223, 226, 241, 256, 299, 305, 312, 320, 324, 331, 350, 355, 357, 363, 376, 392, 395, 398, 401, 405, 407, 408, 410, 419, 425, 446, 447, 464, 473, 477, 483, , 499, , 517, 527, 551, 558, 563, 581, 592, 598, 599, 644, 645, 652, 660, 665, 669, 670, 672, 680, 688, 697, 701, 715, 731, A2-A21, R22-R23, R25-R27 S20-S23, 2-3, 4-5, 6-9, 14-15, 16-19, 20-21, 28, 33, 40, 51, 55, 60, 63, 67, 72, 74, 84, 87, 95, 102, 108, 110, 111, 115, 120, 124, 125, 127, 131, 148, 150, 153, 172, 187, 195, 197, 203, 209, 213, 217, 223, 226, 241, 256, 299, 305, 312, 320, 324, 331, 350, 355, 357, 363, 376, 392, 395, 398, 401, 405, 407, 408, 410, 419, 425, 446, 447, 464, 473, 477, 483, , 499, , 517, 527, 551, 558, 563, 581, 592, 598, 599, 644, 645, 652, 660, 665, 669, 670, 672, 680, 688, 697, 701, 715, 731, A2-A21, R22-R23, R25-R27 15

17 Understand fundamental geography vocabulary such as concepts of distance, latitude, longitude, interdependence, accessibility, and connections. S20-S23, 2-3, 4-5, 6-9, 14-15, 16-19, 20-21, 28, 33, 40, 51, 55, 60, 63, 67, 72, 74, 84, 87, 95, 102, 108, 110, 111, 115, 120, 124, 125, 127, 131, 148, 150, 153, 172, 187, 195, 197, 203, 209, 213, 217, 223, 226, 241, 256, 299, 305, 312, 320, 324, 331, 350, 355, 357, 358, 363, 376, 392, 395, 398, 401, 405, 407, 408, 410, 419, 425, 446, 447, 464, 473, 477, 483, , 499, , 517, 527, 551, 558, 563, 581, 592, 598, 599, 644, 645, 652, 660, 665, 669, 670, 672, 680, 688, 697, 701, 715, 731, A2-A21, R22-R23, R25- R27 S20-S23, 2-3, 4-5, 6-9, 14-15, 16-19, 20-21, 28, 33, 40, 51, 55, 60, 63, 67, 72, 74, 84, 87, 95, 102, 108, 110, 111, 115, 120, 124, 125, 127, 131, 148, 150, 153, 172, 187, 195, 197, 203, 209, 213, 217, 223, 226, 241, 256, 299, 305, 312, 320, 324, 331, 350, 355, 357, 358, 363, 376, 392, 395, 398, 401, 405, 407, 408, 410, 419, 425, 446, 447, 464, 473, 477, 483, , 499, , 517, 527, 551, 558, 563, 581, 592, 598, 599, 644, 645, 652, 660, 665, 669, 670, 672, 680, 688, 697, 701, 715, 731, A2-A21, R22-R23, R25- R27 16

18 Use maps, charts, and graphs to understand patterns of movement over time and space. S14-S23, 2-3, 4-5, 6-9, 14-15, 16-19, 20-21, 28, 33, 40, 48, 51, 55, 60, 63, 67, 72, 74, 77, 81, 84, 87, 95, 96, 102, 105, 108, 110, 111, 115, 117, 120, 124, 125, 127, 131, 136, 144, 148, 150, 153, 171, 172, 187, 193, 195, 197, 203, 209, 213, 217, 223, 224, 226, 232, 235, 241, 245, 248, 250, 256, 262, 263, 266, 271, 283, 299, 304, 305, 309, 312, 320, 323, 324, 329, 331, 333, 335, 350, 355, 357, 358, 363, 376, 389, 392, 395, 398, 401, 405, 407, 408, 410, 416, 419, 425, 446, 447, 449, 464, 473, 477, 483, 484, , 499, , 517, 521, 523, 527, 549, 551, 558, 563, 569, 581, 586, 589, 592, 598, 599, 605, 615, 631, 644, 645, 652, 653, 655, 660, 665, 669, 670, 672, 675, 680, 688, 690, 697, 701, 709, 715, 720, 727, 731, A2-A21, R22-R23, R25-R27 S14-S23, 2-3, 4-5, 6-9, 14-15, 16-19, 20-21, 28, 33, 40, 48, 51, 55, 60, 63, 67, 72, 74, 77, 81, 84, 87, 95, 96, 102, 105, 108, 110, 111, 115, 117, 120, 124, 125, 127, 131, 136, 144, 148, 150, 153, 171, 172, 187, 193, 195, 197, 203, 209, 213, 217, 223, 224, 226, 232, 235, 241, 245, 248, 250, 256, 262, 263, 266, 271, 283, 299, 304, 305, 309, 312, 320, 323, 324, 329, 331, 333, 335, 350, 355, 357, 358, 363, 376, 389, 392, 395, 398, 401, 405, 407, 408, 410, 416, 419, 425, 446, 447, 449, 464, 473, 477, 483, 484, , 499, , 517, 521, 523, 527, 549, 551, 558, 563, 569, 581, 586, 589, 592, 598, 599, 605, 615, 631, 644, 645, 652, 653, 655, 660, 665, 669, 670, 672, 675, 680, 688, 690, 697, 701, 709, 715, 720, 727, 731, A2-A21, R22-R23, R25-R27 17

19 Use maps and other geographic tools and technologies to acquire, process, and report information from a spatial perspective. Locate places and understand and use geographic information or relationships by reading, interpreting, and preparing maps and other geographic representations. S20-S23, 2-3, 4-5, 6-9, 14-15, 16-19, 20-21, 28, 33, 40, 51, 55, 60, 63, 67, 72, 74, 84, 87, 95, 102, 108, 110, 111, 115, 120, 124, 125, 127, 131, 148, 150, 153, 172, 187, 195, 197, 203, 209, 213, 217, 223, 226, 241, 256, 299, 305, 312, 320, 324, 331, 350, 355, 357, 358, 363, 376, 392, 395, 398, 401, 405, 407, 408, 410, 419, 425, 446, 447, 464, 473, 477, 483, , 499, , 517, 527, 551, 558, 563, 581, 592, 598, 599, 644, 645, 652, 660, 665, 669, 670, 672, 680, 688, 697, 701, 715, 731, A2-A21, R22-R23, R25- R27 S20-S23, 2-3, 4-5, 6-9, 14-15, 16-19, 20-21, 28, 33, 40, 51, 55, 60, 63, 67, 72, 74, 84, 87, 95, 102, 108, 110, 111, 115, 120, 124, 125, 127, 131, 148, 150, 153, 172, 187, 195, 197, 203, 209, 213, 217, 223, 226, 241, 256, 299, 305, 312, 320, 324, 331, 350, 355, 357, 358, 363, 376, 392, 395, 398, 401, 405, 407, 408, 410, 419, 425, 446, 447, 464, 473, 477, 483, , 499, , 517, 527, 551, 558, 563, 581, 592, 598, 599, 644, 645, 652, 660, 665, 669, 670, 672, 680, 688, 697, 701, 715, 731, A2-A21, R22-R23, R25- R27 S20-S23, 2-3, 4-5, 6-9, 14-15, 16-19, 20-21, 28, 33, 40, 51, 55, 60, 63, 67, 72, 74, 84, 87, 95, 102, 108, 110, 111, 115, 120, 124, 125, 127, 131, 148, 150, 153, 172, 187, 195, 197, 203, 209, 213, 217, 223, 226, 241, 256, 299, 305, 312, 320, 324, 331, 350, 355, 357, 358, 363, 376, 392, 395, 398, 401, 405, 407, 408, 410, 419, 425, 446, 447, 464, 473, 477, 483, , 499, , 517, 527, 551, 558, 563, 581, 592, 598, 599, 644, 645, 652, 660, 665, 669, 670, 672, 680, 688, 697, 701, 715, 731, A2-A21, R22-R23, R25- R27 S20-S23, 2-3, 4-5, 6-9, 14-15, 16-19, 20-21, 28, 33, 40, 51, 55, 60, 63, 67, 72, 74, 84, 87, 95, 102, 108, 110, 111, 115, 120, 124, 125, 127, 131, 148, 150, 153, 172, 187, 195, 197, 203, 209, 213, 217, 223, 226, 241, 256, 299, 305, 312, 320, 324, 331, 350, 355, 357, 358, 363, 376, 392, 395, 398, 401, 405, 407, 408, 410, 419, 425, 446, 447, 464, 473, 477, 483, , 499, , 517, 527, 551, 558, 563, 581, 592, 598, 599, 644, 645, 652, 660, 665, 669, 670, 672, 680, 688, 697, 701, 715, 731, A2-A21, R22-R23, R25- R27 18

20 Read, interpret, and understand how to construct geographic representations to analyze information, understand spatial relationships, and compare places. S20-S23, 2-3, 4-5, 6-9, 14-15, 16-19, 20-21, 28, 33, 40, 51, 55, 60, 63, 67, 72, 74, 84, 87, 95, 102, 108, 110, 111, 115, 120, 124, 125, 127, 131, 148, 150, 153, 172, 187, 195, 197, 203, 209, 213, 217, 223, 226, 241, 256, 299, 305, 312, 320, 324, 331, 350, 355, 357, 358, 363, 376, 392, 395, 398, 401, 405, 407, 408, 410, 419, 425, 446, 447, 464, 473, 477, 483, , 499, , 517, 527, 551, 558, 563, 581, 592, 598, 599, 644, 645, 652, 660, 665, 669, 670, 672, 680, 688, 697, 701, 715, 731, A2-A21, R22-R23, R25- R27 S20-S23, 2-3, 4-5, 6-9, 14-15, 16-19, 20-21, 28, 33, 40, 51, 55, 60, 63, 67, 72, 74, 84, 87, 95, 102, 108, 110, 111, 115, 120, 124, 125, 127, 131, 148, 150, 153, 172, 187, 195, 197, 203, 209, 213, 217, 223, 226, 241, 256, 299, 305, 312, 320, 324, 331, 350, 355, 357, 358, 363, 376, 392, 395, 398, 401, 405, 407, 408, 410, 419, 425, 446, 447, 464, 473, 477, 483, , 499, , 517, 527, 551, 558, 563, 581, 592, 598, 599, 644, 645, 652, 660, 665, 669, 670, 672, 680, 688, 697, 701, 715, 731, A2-A21, R22-R23, R25- R27 19

21 Use maps, charts, graphs, and photographs to analyze spatial distributions and patterns. S14-S23, 2-3, 4-5, 6-9, 14-15, 16-19, 20-21, 28, 33, 40, 48, 51, 55, 60, 63, 67, 72, 74, 77, 81, 84, 87, 95, 96, 102, 105, 108, 110, 111, 115, 117, 120, 124, 125, 127, 131, 136, 144, 148, 150, 153, 171, 172, 187, 193, 195, 197, 203, 209, 213, 217, 223, 224, 226, 232, 235, 241, 245, 248, 250, 256, 262, 263, 266, 271, 283, 299, 304, 305, 309, 312, 320, 323, 324, 329, 331, 333, 335, 350, 355, 357, 358, 363, 376, 389, 392, 395, 398, 401, 405, 407, 408, 410, 416, 419, 425, 446, 447, 449, 464, 473, 477, 483, 484, , 499, , 517, 521, 523, 527, 549, 551, 558, 563, 569, 581, 586, 589, 592, 598, 599, 605, 615, 631, 644, 645, 652, 653, 655, 660, 665, 669, 670, 672, 675, 680, 688, 690, 697, 701, 709, 715, 720, 727, 731, A2-A21, R22-R23, R25-R27 S14-S23, 2-3, 4-5, 6-9, 14-15, 16-19, 20-21, 28, 33, 40, 48, 51, 55, 60, 63, 67, 72, 74, 77, 81, 84, 87, 95, 96, 102, 105, 108, 110, 111, 115, 117, 120, 124, 125, 127, 131, 136, 144, 148, 150, 153, 171, 172, 187, 193, 195, 197, 203, 209, 213, 217, 223, 224, 226, 232, 235, 241, 245, 248, 250, 256, 262, 263, 266, 271, 283, 299, 304, 305, 309, 312, 320, 323, 324, 329, 331, 333, 335, 350, 355, 357, 358, 363, 376, 389, 392, 395, 398, 401, 405, 407, 408, 410, 416, 419, 425, 446, 447, 449, 464, 473, 477, 483, 484, , 499, , 517, 521, 523, 527, 549, 551, 558, 563, 569, 581, 586, 589, 592, 598, 599, 605, 615, 631, 644, 645, 652, 653, 655, 660, 665, 669, 670, 672, 675, 680, 688, 690, 697, 701, 709, 715, 720, 727, 731, A2-A21, R22-R23, R25-R27 20

22 Locate major physical and human (cultural) features of the Earth. Locate major physical and human features of the Earth. 2-3, 4-5, 10-13, 21, 28, 33, 40, 51, 55, 63, 67, 72, 74, 84, 87, 95, 102, 108, 110, 111, 115, 120, 125, 127, 131, 148, , 153, 172, 187, , 203, 209, 213, 217, 223, 226, 241, 256, 299, 305, 312, 320, 324, , 350, 355, 357, 358, 363, 376, 392, 395, 398, 401, 405, 407, 408, 410, 419, 425, 447, 464, 473, 477, 483, 494, 499, , 517, 527, 551, 558, 563, 581, 592, 598, 645, 652, 660, 665, 669, 670, 672, 680, 688, 697, A2-A21 2-3, 4-5, 10-13, 21, 28, 33, 40, 51, 55, 63, 67, 72, 74, 84, 87, 95, 102, 108, 110, 111, 115, 120, 125, 127, 131, 148, , 153, 172, 187, , 203, 209, 213, 217, 223, 226, 241, 256, 299, 305, 312, 320, 324, , 350, 355, 357, 358, 363, 376, 392, 395, 398, 401, 405, 407, 408, 410, 419, 425, 447, 464, 473, 477, 483, 494, 499, , 517, 527, 551, 558, 563, 581, 592, 598, 645, 652, 660, 665, 669, 670, 672, 680, 688, 697, A2-A21 2-3, 4-5, 10-13, 21, 28, 33, 40, 51, 55, 57c, 57d, 63, 67, 72, 74, 84, 87, 95, 102, 108, 110, 111, 115, 120, 125, 127, 131, 148, , 153, 172, 187, , 203, 209, 213, 217, 223, 226, 241, 256, 299, 305, 309c, 312, 320, 321, 322, 324, , 350, 355, 357, 358, 363, 376, 392, 395, 398, 401, 403, 405, 407, 408, 410, 419, 408, 410, 419, 424, 425, 447, 464, 473, 477, 483, 494, 495, 499, , 517, 527, 551, 558, 563, 581, 592, 598, 645, 652, 655c, 660, 665, 669, 670, 672, 680, 688, 697, A2-A21 2-3, 4-5, 10-13, 21, 28, 33, 40, 51, 55, 57c, 57d, 63, 67, 72, 74, 84, 87, 95, 102, 108, 110, 111, 115, 120, 125, 127, 131, 148, , 153, 172, 187, , 203, 209, 213, 217, 223, 226, 241, 256, 299, 305, 309c, 312, 320, 321, 322, 324, , 350, 355, 357, 358, 363, 376, 392, 395, 398, 401, 403, 405, 407, 408, 410, 419, 408, 410, 419, 424, 425, 447, 464, 473, 477, 483, 494, 495, 499, , 517, 527, 551, 558, 563, 581, 592, 598, 645, 652, 655c, 660, 665, 669, 670, 672, 680, 688, 697, A2-A21 21

23 Locate and identify on maps and globes the regions of the world and their prominent physical features. Identify the location of major mountain ranges, deserts, rivers, cultural regions and countries in the world. 2-3, 4-5, 10-13, 21, 28, 33, 40, 51, 55, 63, 67, 72, 74, 84, 87, 95, 102, 108, 110, 111, 115, 120, 125, 127, 131, 148, , 153, 172, 187, , 203, 209, 213, 217, 223, 226, 241, 256, 299, 305, 312, 320, 324, , 350, 355, 357, 358, 363, 376, 392, 395, 398, 401, 405, 407, 408, 410, 419, 425, 447, 464, 473, 477, 483, 494, 499, , 517, 527, 551, 558, 563, 581, 592, 598, 645, 652, 660, 665, 669, 670, 672, 680, 688, 697, A2-A21 2-3, 4-5, 10-13, 21, 28, 33, 40, 51, 55, 63, 67, 72, 74, 84, 87, 95, 102, 108, 110, 111, 115, 120, 125, 127, 131, 148, , 153, 172, 187, , 203, 209, 213, 217, 223, 226, 241, 256, 299, 305, 312, 320, 324, , 350, 355, 357, 358, 363, 376, 392, 395, 398, 401, 405, 407, 408, 410, 419, 425, 447, 464, 473, 477, 483, 494, 499, , 517, 527, 551, 558, 563, 581, 592, 598, 645, 652, 660, 665, 669, 670, 672, 680, 688, 697, A2-A21 2-3, 4-5, 10-13, 21, 28, 33, 40, 51, 55, 57c, 57d, 63, 67, 72, 74, 84, 87, 95, 102, 108, 110, 111, 115, 120, 125, 127, 131, 148, , 153, 172, 187, , 203, 209, 213, 217, 223, 226, 241, 256, 299, 305, 309c, 312, 320, 321, 322, 324, , 350, 355, 357, 358, 363, 376, 392, 395, 398, 401, 403, 405, 407, 408, 410, 419, 408, 410, 419, 424, 425, 447, 464, 473, 477, 483, 494, 495, 499, , 517, 527, 551, 558, 563, 581, 592, 598, 645, 652, 655c, 660, 665, 669, 670, 672, 680, 688, 697, A2-A21 2-3, 4-5, 10-13, 21, 28, 33, 40, 51, 55, 57c, 57d, 63, 67, 72, 74, 84, 87, 95, 102, 108, 110, 111, 115, 120, 125, 127, 131, 148, , 153, 172, 187, , 203, 209, 213, 217, 223, 226, 241, 256, 299, 305, 309c, 312, 320, 321, 322, 324, , 350, 355, 357, 358, 363, 376, 392, 395, 398, 401, 403, 405, 407, 408, 410, 419, 408, 410, 419, 424, 425, 447, 464, 473, 477, 483, 494, 495, 499, , 517, 527, 551, 558, 563, 581, 592, 598, 645, 652, 655c, 660, 665, 669, 670, 672, 680, 688, 697, A2-A21 22

24 Compare and analyze physical (e.g., landforms, vegetation, wildlife, climate, and natural hazards) and human (e.g., population, land use, language, and religion) characteristics of places and regions. Identify and analyze physical and human characteristics of places and regions, the processes that have shaped them, and their geographic significance. Identify and compare physical and human characteristics of major regions and significant places in the world. Locate and identify population centers and geographic reasons for their locations. Identify, locate, and compare the cultural characteristics of places and regions. 4-5, 10-13, 16-19, 21, 33, 40, 55, 72, 74, 95, 102, 110, 115, , 127, 148, 150, 213, 223, , 241, 299, , 355, 358, 395, 398, 410, 419, 425, , 464, , , 563, , 631, 632, , 652, 669, , 10-13, 16-19, 21, 33, 40, 55, 72, 74, 95, 102, 110, 115, , 127, 148, 150, 213, 223, , 241, 299, , 355, 358, 395, 398, 410, 419, 425, , 464, , , 563, , 631, 632, , 652, 669, , 10-13, 16-19, 21, 33, 40, 55, 72, 74, 95, 102, 110, 115, , 127, 148, 150, 213, 223, , 241, 299, , 355, 358, 395, 398, 410, 419, 425, , 464, , , 563, , 631, 632, , 652, 669, 670 4, 18, 72, 95, 102, 110, 115, , 299, , 398, 419, 425, 563, , , 16-19, 33, 40, 72, 74, 102, 110, 115, , 127, 148, 150, 213, 223, 241, 355, 395, 398, 410, 425, , 464, , , , , 652, , 10-13, 16-19, 21, 33, 40, 55, 72, 74, 95, 101, 102, 105c, 105d, 110, 115, , 127, 148, 150, 155d, 213, 223, , 241, 299, 309c, , 337c, 355, 358, 395, 398, 410, 419, 424, 425, , 464, , , 563, , 631, 632, , 652, 669, , 10-13, 16-19, 21, 33, 40, 55, 72, 74, 95, 101, 102, 105c, 105d, 110, 115, , 127, 148, 150, 155d, 213, 223, , 241, 299, 309c, , 337c, 355, 358, 395, 398, 410, 419, 424, 425, , 464, , , 563, , 631, 632, , 652, 669, , 10-13, 16-19, 21, 33, 40, 55, 72, 74, 95, 101, 102, 105c, 105d, 110, 115, , 127, 148, 150, 155d, 213, 223, , 241, 299, 309c, , 337c, 355, 358, 395, 398, 410, 419, 424, 425, , 464, , , 563, , 631, 632, , 652, 669, 670 4, 8, 72, 95, 102, 110, 115, , 299, , 398, 419, 424, 425, 563, , , 16-19, 33, 40, 72, 74, 101, 105c, 110, 115, , 127, 148, 150, 155d, 213, 223, 241, 309c, 355, 395, 398, 410, 425, , 464, , , , , 652,

25 Recognize relationships between the physical and cultural characteristics of a place or region. Understand why places and regions are important to human identity and serve as symbols to unify or fragment society. Analyze the causes of human migration (e.g., density, food and water supply, transportation and communication systems) and its effects (e.g., impact on physical and human systems). Understand the distribution and movement of people, ideas, and products. Identify and understand worldwide patterns of population distribution, migration, and cultural diffusion and interactions. Identify patterns of population distribution and infer causes. 4-5, 10-13, 16-19, 21, 33, 40, 55, 72, 74, 110, 115, , 127, 148, 213, 223, , 241, , 355, 358, 395, 398, 410, 425, , 464, , , , 632, , , 402, , 563, , 680, 714, 721 S22, 5, 18, 19, 27-28, 32-37, 63-65, 74-75, 87-88, 92-95, , , , , , 447, , 563, 608, 609, , 631, , 701, 703, 721 S22, 5, 18, 19, 27-28, 32-37, 63-65, 74-75, 87-88, 92-95, , , , , , 447, , 563, 608, 609, , 631, , 701, 703, 721 S22, 5, 18, 19, 27-28, 32-37, 63-65, 74-75, 87-88, 92-95, , , , , , 447, , 563, 608, 609, , 631, , 701, 703, , 18, 27-28, 32-37, 63-65, 94, , , 447, , 563, , 631, , 703, , 10-13, 16-19, 21, 33, 40, 55, 72, 74, 105c, 105d, 110, 115, , 127, 148, 213, 223, , 241, 309c, , 337c, 355, 358, 395, 398, 410, 425, , 464, , , , 632, , , 402, , 563, , 680, 714, 721 S22, 5, 18, 19, 27-28, 32-37, 63-65, 74-75, 87-88, 92-95, , , , 309c, , , 447, , 563, 608, 609, , 631, , 701, 703, 721 S22, 5, 18, 19, 27-28, 32-37, 63-65, 74-75, 87-88, 92-95, , , , 309c, , , 447, , 563, 608, 609, , 631, , 701, 703, 721 S22, 5, 18, 19, 27-28, 32-37, 63-65, 74-75, 87-88, 92-95, , , , 309c, , , 447, , 563, 608, 609, , 631, , 701, 703, , 18, 27-28, 32-37, 63-65, 94, , , 447, , 563, , 631, , 703,

26 Recognize and identify patterns of migration streams in U.S. history. Understand how migration streams affect the spread of cultural traits. Understand economic, cultural, and environmental factors that influence changes in population, and evaluate the consequences of the resulting increases or decreases in population. Understand, analyze and evaluate the consequences of population changes resulting from economic, cultural, or environmental factors. Identify economic, cultural, and environmental factors that affect population, and predict how the population would change as a result. Identify and give examples of economic, cultural, and environmental factors that influence population. Predict the affect of a given economic, cultural, or environmental change on a population. S22, 87-88, 92-94, , , , , , 447, , 563, 609, , , 701, , 74-75, 94-95, 128, 428, 608, , S22, 5, 18, 19, 27-28, 32-37, 63-65, 74-75, 87-88, 92-95, , , , , , 447, , 563, 608, 609, , 631, , 701, 703, S22, 5, 18, 19, 27-28, 32-37, 63-65, 74-75, 87-88, 92-95, , , , , , 447, , 563, 608, 609, , 631, , 701, 703, S22, 5, 18, 19, 27-28, 32-37, 63-65, 74-75, 87-88, 92-95, , , , , , 447, , 563, 608, 609, , 631, , 701, 703, , 18, 27-28, 32-37, 63-65, 94, , , 447, , 563, , 631, , 703, S22, 87-88, 92-94, , , , , , 447, , 563, 609, , , 701, S22, 87-88, 92-94, , , , 309c, , , 447, , 563, 609, , , 701, , 74-75, 94-95, 128, 424, 428, 608, , S22, 5, 18, 19, 27-28, 32-37, 63-65, 74-75, 87-88, 92-95, , , , 309c, , , 447, , 563, 608, 609, , 631, , 701, 703, S22, 5, 18, 19, 27-28, 32-37, 63-65, 74-75, 87-88, 92-95, , , , 309c, , , 447, , 563, 608, 609, , 631, , 701, 703, S22, 5, 18, 19, 27-28, 32-37, 63-65, 74-75, 87-88, 92-95, , , , 309c, , , 447, , 563, 608, 609, , 631, , 701, 703, , 18, 27-28, 32-37, 63-65, 94, , , 447, , 563, , 631, , 703, S22, 87-88, 92-94, , , , 309c, , , 447, , 563, 609, , , 701,

27 Understand how people and the environment are interrelated , , 609, , 630, 631, , , , , 605d, 609, , 630, 631, , , Understand how humans affect the physical environment. Understand how human modification of the physical environment in a place affects both that place and other places. Understand how the process of urbanization affects the physical environment of a place, the cultural characteristics of a place, and the physical and human characteristics of the surrounding region. Understand how clearing vegetation affects the physical environment of a place and other places. Understand how physical characteristics in the environment and changes in the environment affect human activities. Understand how changes in a physical environment affect human activity. Understand how changes in the physical environment can increase or diminish capacity to support human activity. Understand how climatic events or climate change affect human activity , , 609, , 630, 631, , , , 36-37, , 609, , 630, 631, , , , , 609, , 630, 631, , , 36-37, , 36-37, , 5, 10-11, 13, 16-19, 20-21, 27-29, , 5, 10-11, 13, 16-19, 20-21, 27-29, , 5, 10-11, 13, 16-19, 20-21, 27-29, , , 605d, 609, , 630, 631, , , , 36-37, , 605d, 609, , 630, 631, , , , , 605d, 609, , 630, 631, , , 5, 10-11, 13, 16-19, 20-21, 27-29, , 5, 10-11, 13, 16-19, 20-21, 27-29, , 5, 10-11, 13, 16-19, 20-21, 27-29, , 27-29, , 27-29,

28 Predict how changes in an ecosystem (not caused by human activity) might influence human activity. Understand how differing points of view, self-interest, and global distribution of natural resources play a role in conflict over territory. 13, , , 16, 17, 29-31, 32-37, 40, 41-42, 61-66, 67-70, 71-75, 95-96, , 131, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 580, 581, , 587, , , 643, , 655, 670, 671, , , 16, 17, 29-31, 32-37, 40, 41-42, 61-66, 67-70, 71-75, 95-96, , 131, , , , 337c, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 580, 581, , 587, , , 643, , 655, 655c, 655d, 670, 671, ,