Part 1 - Cells and Organelles

Transcription

1 Name Period Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 3: Cells & Tissues Part 1 - Cells and Organelles Overview of the Cellular Basis of Life: Answer the following questions by inserting your responses in the answer blanks. 1. Name the four elements that make up the bulk of living matter. a. b. c. d. 2. Name the single most abundant material or substance in living matter. 3. Name the major building/structural material of the cell. 4. Name the trace element most important for making bones hard. 5. Name the element, found in trace amounts, needed to make hemoglobin for oxygen transport. 6. Name five functions common to all cells. a. b. c. d. e. 7. List seven specializations of cells and give an example of each. a. - b. - c. - d. - e. - f. - g Name the fluid, similar to seawater, that surrounds and bathes all body cells 9. Name the three major regions of all cells. a. b. c. 1

2 Name Period Using the following terms correctly label all cell parts indicated by leader lines in the Figure. Plasma membrane Mitochondrion Nuclear membrane Centrioles Chromatin threads Nucleolus Golgi apparatus Microvilli Rough ER Smooth ER 2

3 Complete the following table to fully describe the various cell parts. 3

4 Part 2 -Plasma Membrane and Cell Transport The Plasma membranes: Structure and Functions The diagram below is a portion of a plasma membrane. Label the diagram using the words below. Polar heads of Phospholipid molecules Nonpolar tails of Phospholipid molecules Protein molecules, Carbohydrate molecules Cholesterol molecules A F 1. What name is given to this model of membrane structure? 2. What is the function of cholesterol molecules in the plasma membrane? 3. Name the carbohydrate-rich area at the cell surface (indicated by bracket A). 4. Which label, B or C, indicates the nonpolar region of a phospholipid molecule? 5. Does nonpolar mean hydrophobic or hydrophilic? 6. Which label, D or E, indicates an integral protein and which a peripheral protein? integral peripheral 4

5 Key Choices: Choose all that apply. A. Bulk-phase endocytosis D. Exocytosis F. Phagocytosis B. Filtration E. Solute pumping G. Receptor-mediated endocytosis C. Diffusion, osmosis 1. Engulfment processes that require ATP 2. Driven by molecular energy 3. Driven by hydrostatic (fluid) pressure (typically blood pressure in the body) 4. Moves down (with) a concentration gradient 5. Moves up (against) a concentration gradient; requires a carrier 6. Uses a clanthrin coated vesicle ("pit") 7. Typically involves coupled systems, that is, symports or antiports 8. Examples of vesicular transport 9 A means of bringing fairly large panicles into the cell 10. Used to eject wastes and to secrete cell products A A C B 1. Name the type of tonicity illustrated in diagrams A, B, and C. a. b. c. 2. Name the terms that describe the cellular shapes in diagrams A, B, and C a. b. c. 3. What does isotonic mean? 4. Why are the cells in diagram C bursting? 5

6 Protein Synthesis Worksheet 1. Fill in the complementary strand of DNA using the DNA base pairing rules. 2. Fill in the correct mrna bases by transcribing the bottom DNA code. 3. Translate the mrna codons and find the correct amino acid using the Codon Table. 4. Write in the amino acid and the correct anti-codon, the t-rna molecule. 5. Answer the questions about protein synthesis below. 1. A T G G T A G C T A A C C T T DNA mrna trna amino acids 5. mrna is synthesized in transcription or translation? 6. mrna has codons or anti-codons? 7. how many codons equal one amino acid, 1 or 3? 8. trna brings amino acids to the nucleus or ribosome? 9. A polypeptide is a sequence of proteins or amino acids? 10. trna has codons or anti-codons? 11. trna transfers amino acids during transcription or translation? 12. Ribosomes are the site where transcription or translation takes place? 6

7 Part 3 - Body Tissues Complete the following table to fully describe the various tissues. Classification of Tissues Tissue Type Classification Appearance and Function Epithelial Simple squamous Common Locations in the Body Simple cuboidal Pseudostratified (ciliate) columnar Stratified squamous Transitional Connective Osseous (bone) Hyaline cartilage Fibrocartilage Elastic cartilage Dense fibrous Areolar Adipose (fat) Reticular Blood 7

8 Tissue Type Classification Appearance and Function Muscle Smooth Common Locations in the Body Skeletal Cardiac Nervous Neurons and supporting cells Name the following tissues and an example of where they are found in the body: 1. Name: 2. Name: Location: Location: 3. Name: 4. Name: Location: Location: 8