Chapter 4: Tissues, Glands, & Membranes. Joel G. Soria, MD

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1 Chapter 4: Tissues, Glands, & Membranes Joel G. Soria, MD

2 OUTLINE AND OBJECTIVES Epithelial Tissue List the characteristics of epithelial tissue. Classify and give an example of the major types of epithelial tissue. Explain the function in epithelial tissue of the following: cell layers, cell shapes, free cell surfaces and connections between cells. Define and categorize glands. Connective Tissue Describe the classification of connective tissues and give examples of each major type.

3 OUTLINE AND OBJECTIVES Muscle Tissue Name the three types of muscle tissue and list their functions. Nervous Tissue State the functions of nervous tissue and describe a neuron. Membranes List the structural and functional characteristics of mucous and serous membranes.

4 Content Outline I. Epithelial Tissue A. General characteristics B. Functions of Epithelia 1. Protecting underlying structures 2. Acting as barriers 3. Permitting the passage of substances 4. Secreting substances 5. Absorbing substances

5 Content Outline I. Epithelial Tissue C. Classification 1. Simple squamous epithelium 2. Simple cuboidal epithelium 3. Simple columnar epithelium 4. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium 5. Stratified squamous epithelium 6. Transitional epithelium

6 Content Outline I. Epithelial Tissue D. Structural and Functional Relationships 1. Cell Layers and Cell Shapes a. Stratified protective b. Simple diffusion, filtration, secretion, absorption c. Thin, flat diffusion d. Cuboidal and columnar secretion and absorption

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8 Nomenclature (Givename) (middlename) (surname) epithelium (Shape) epithelium (# of layer) (Shape) epithelium Ex: (single layer) (cube-like) epithelium Simple cuboidal epithelium

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16 Table 4.3.2

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18 Content Outline I. Epithelial Tissue E. Glands 1. Exocrine glands a. Unicellular gland b. Simple straight tubular gland c. Simple coiled tubular gland d. Simple acinar or alveolar gland e. Compound tubular gland f. Compound acinar or alveolar gland g. Compound tubuloacinar or tubuloalveolar 2. Endocrine glands and hormones

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21 Content Outline II. Connective Tissue A. General Characteristics 1. Extracellular matrix a. Protein fibers 1) Collagen fibers 2) Reticular fibers 3) Elastic fibers b. Ground substance proteoglycans c. Fluid

22 Content Outline II. Connective Tissue 2. Cell functions a. Blast cells b. Cyte cells c. Clast cells d. Macrophages and mast cells

23 Content Outline II. Connective Tissue B. Functions of Connective Tissue 1. Enclosing and separating 2. Connecting tissues to one another 3. Supporting and moving 4. Storing 5. Cushioning and insulating 6. Transporting 7. Protecting

24 Table 4.4

25 Content Outline II. Connective Tissue Classification of Connective Tissue 1. Matrix with Protein Fibers as the Primary Feature a. Dense connective tissue 1) Collagenous connective tissue 2) Elastic connective tissue b. Loose or areolar connective tissue c. Special - Adipose tissue (fat)

26 Loose or areolar connective tissue

27 Adipose tissue (fat)

28 Adipose tissue (fat)

29 Dense collagenous connective tissue

30 Dense elastic connective tissue

31 Content Outline C. Classification of Connective Tissue 2. Matrix with both Protein Fibers and Ground Substance a. Cartilage 1) Hyaline cartilage 2) Fibrocartilage 3) Elastic cartilage b. Bone 1) Compact bone 2) Cancellous bone 3. Fluid Matrix - Blood

32 Hyaline cartilage

33 Fibrocartilage

34 Elastic cartilage

35 Compact bone

36 Table 4.10

37 Content Outline III. Muscle Tissue A. Contractibility B. Three types 1. Skeletal muscle 2. Cardiac muscle 3. Smooth muscle I V. Nervous Tissue A. Neuron B. Neuroglia

38 Skeletal muscle

39 Cardiac muscle

40 Smooth muscle

41 Nerve tissue

42 Content Outline V I. Inflammation A. Symptoms 1. Redness 2. Heat 3. Swelling 4. Pain 5. Disturbance of function

43 Content Outline Inflammation B. Mechanisms 1. Mediators of inflammation a. Histamine b. Kinins c. Prostaglandins d. Leukotrienes 2. Edema 3. Neutrophils and pus C. Chronic Inflammation

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46 Content Outline VII. Tissue Repair A. Processes 1. Regeneration 2. Replacement C. Cell types 1. Labile cells 2. Stable cells 3. Permanent cells D. Granulation tissue and wound contracture

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51 THANK YOU!!!

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