Redbridge LSCB. Child Sexual Exploitation Prevention and Intervention. Revised October 2014

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1 Redbridge LSCB Child Sexual Exploitation Prevention and Intervention Revised October 2014 Next Review Date Oct 2015

2 Redbridge Child Sexual Exploitation Prevention and Intervention Strategy Contents Page 1. SUMMARY 2 2. BACKGROUND 4 3. DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY 6 4. IDENTIFYING CHILD SEXUAL EXPLOITATION IN REDBRIDGE 7 5. MANAGING RISK 8 6. INFORMATION SHARING AND GOVERNANCE 9 7. PROCESSES AND PATHWAYS PREVENTION SUPPORT AND PROTECTION INTERVENE AND EXIT PROSECUTE 16 ACTION PLAN 18 1

3 1. SUMMARY 1.1 This strategy sets out the commitment of the Redbridge Local Safeguarding Children Board to intervene and prevent child sexual exploitation through a proactive, co-ordinated, multiagency approach. 1.2 We aim to: IDENTIFY: PREVENT SUPPORT & PROTECT INTERVENE AND EXIT PROSECUTE Understand the scale of the problem in Redbridge and develop a co-ordinated multi-agency response Identify those children at risk or being exploited Raise awareness of the issue through education and training and provide early help to prevent exploitation Mitigate the impact of child sexual exploitation by improving outcomes and reducing harm to young people who are at risk of exploitation or victims of exploitation Use information to disrupt patterns of exploitation Provide timely and effective interventions to support victims to break free from sexual exploitation Take action against those intent on abusing and exploiting children and young people by prosecuting perpetrators 1.3 We will achieve this by building a shared understanding of CSE and risk of CSE across all agencies and schools in Redbridge. 1.4 Outcomes from this strategy should be: Relevant professionals have a better understanding of the risk factors and prevalence of CSE in their area Children and young people, parents, carers and the wider community have an increased awareness of risks relating to CSE There is improved identification of children and young people at risk of CSE and other related risks There is increasing evidence of effective prevention of sexual exploitation of those at risk Young people at risk and victims are involved in developing support plans and agreeing desired outcomes Victims are successfully supported to exit exploitative relationships Activities of perpetrators are either successfully disrupted or result in prosecutions 2

4 2. BACKGROUND 2.1. Child sexual exploitation (CSE) is a criminal act that has a devastating impact upon children and young people. It can have a serious long term impact on every aspect of a child or young person s life. CSE has an increasing profile following significant investigations which have led to prosecutions. Recent reviews of its prevalence have concluded that there will be children and young people at risk and being abused in most local authority areas Sexual exploitation of children and young people crosses boundaries of culture, disability, social class, and gender. Most sexually-exploited children live at home when their abuse begins. It is clear that increased awareness amongst parents and young people, carers, professionals across the system and the wider public of the nature and indicators of CSE is essential to both preventing the risk of and ending ongoing exploitation What all victims have in common is that they are subjected to exploitation, although some may not recognise this or understand that they are victims of crime. Victims come from across a range of different social groups, but most will have additional vulnerabilities such as: problems in their home life, previously victims of child abuse, experiencing emotional and mental health needs, or affected by substance use problems. Some may have friends who have been exploited, others have links to gangs. There is an overlap with other areas of need such as young people going missing, those involved in offending behaviour, and those in local authority care. Some young people are moved around or trafficked either within the UK or from abroad, further intensifying the imbalance of power The majority of victims are female, but not exclusively so, and the evidence suggest that boys who are exploited are even further hidden from sight Significant joined-up working and information sharing already takes place between local authority children s services, the police, health services and other agencies to identify and address CSE in Redbridge. However, the development of a range of multi-agency initiatives such as MASH (Multi-Agency Safeguarding Hub), Multi Agency Sexual Exploitation Strategic Board (MASE) and operational MULTI AGENCY Panel (MAP) and the publication of recent national guidance and protocols provides an opportunity to enhance our existing strategies and interventions in tackling CSE Child sexual exploitation cannot be addressed by one agency alone or in isolation from other related safeguarding issues. The Local Safeguarding Board (LSCB) has a significant role in ensuring that all the work of all agencies is coordinated, confirming unique and shared roles and functions to ensure that children and young people are protected and other important outcomes are achieved. The LSCB has identified addressing CSE as a priority and is committed to implementing a strategy to ensure a shared approach to tackle the problem. Guidance identifies the LSCB as having a fundamental strategic role in relation to addressing CSE. Governance is key and the LSCB will be informed about progress and given the 3

5 opportunity to challenge this through an annual progress report to the LSCB from the MASE and MAP. he LSCB s responsibilities include ensuring there is a multi-agency Child Sexual Exploitation Prevention and Intervention Strategy (CSEPIS) and action plan with standard procedures and protocols. To ensure consistent best practice, we will adopt the Pan London Child Sexual Exploitation Operating Protocol February CSE is a specific issue which needs to be tackled strategically and operationally including actions from specialist agencies especially, as outlined above, many exploited young people have additional vulnerabilities. Professionals in universal and statutory services tend to be less clear and confident about responding to CSE scenarios as opposed to traditional child protection scenarios which tend to involve suspected abuse of younger children by family members Therefore a key priority of this strategy is to ensure that professionals and other adults in contact with children and young people are alert to risk factors and indicators of a range of safeguarding concerns which do not reflect the more common focus of child protection activity. They also need to be aware of how to support such young people and the range of specialist agencies that can either advise them or provide targeted support to address risk factors which may indicate or lead to CSE as well as providing a clear response when CSE is confirmed to be taking place It is also important that while we intend to increase awareness of CSE at a local level, the assessments that are carried out must identify risks effectively so that responses can be targeted appropriately. While there may be concerns about sexual activity of particular young people which may involve significant risks, if this does not include elements of exploitation by others then a different response will usually be required. 1 Disposition&blobheadervalue1=application/pdf&blobheadervalue2=inline%3b+filename%3D%22452/936/Protocol+final+PDF.pdf%22 &blobkey=id&blobtable=mungoblobs&blobwhere= &ssbinary=true 4

6 3. DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY 3.1. A nationally agreed definition of CSE is as follows: Sexual exploitation of children and young people under 18 involves exploitative situations, contexts and relationships where young people (or a third person or persons) receive something (e.g. food, accommodation, drugs, alcohol, cigarettes, affection, gifts, money) as a result of them performing, and/or another or others performing on them, sexual activities. Child sexual exploitation can occur through the use of technology without the child s immediate recognition; for example being persuaded to post sexual images on the Internet/mobile phones without immediate payment or gain. In all cases, those exploiting the child/young person have power over them by virtue of their age, gender, intellect, physical strength and/or economic or other resources. Violence, coercion and intimidation are common, involvement in exploitative relationships being characterised in the main by the child or young person s limited availability of choice resulting from their social/economic and/or emotional vulnerability Because of the vulnerabilities of care leavers and the need to address the issue of CSE holistically, this strategy also addresses our role, in liaison with other agencies, to tackle exploitation of vulnerable young adults up to the age of 25 where we have a statutory duty to do so. 3.3 Types of child sexual exploitation include: - Inappropriate, sexually exploitative relationships where the young person believes the abuser to be their boyfriend or girlfriend, perceiving him/herself to be in a consensual romantic relationship with this individual. - Groups of adults abusing young people often through a particular adult, often seen as a boyfriend by the victim of the abuse. - Abuse of children via the internet. This can include online grooming of children, particularly through social networking applications and is usually non-contact abuse for example through encouraging the child to share indecent images or streaming of sexual abuse. It can occasionally develop into meetings offline which can lead to contact abuse. - Peer-on-peer exploitation, particularly by gangs and other peer groups including sexual abuse as part of the group s rituals or initiation. 2 From the National Working Group for Sexually Exploited Children and Young People (NWG) 2008, referred to in Safeguarding Children and Young People from Sexual Exploitation Department for Children, Families and Schools,

7 - Trafficking where young people are moved away from their locality, home town or from abroad to other locations, for the purpose of sexual exploitation. - Abuse through prostitution (commercial CSE) where an exchange of sex for money, goods or the discharge of a debt takes place. 4. Identifying Child Sexual Exploitation in Redbridge 4.1 Between July 2013 to September 2014 Children s Social Care received 71 contacts relating to 64 children, of whom 7 children have been referred twice. These young people, largely but not exclusively female, have a range of needs. Of the 39 young people aged between 12 and 18 referred to the Multi Agency Panel (MAP) 35 were female and 4 were male. A range of studies suggest that, due to its hidden nature, local areas should assume that CSE is occurring in their area at a higher rate than is officially identified. 4.3 The table below details the source of contacts into children s social care where the category of sexual exploitation was the primary reason for contact. This clearly demonstrates the multi agency collaboration taking place in the borough. Referral from No Internal Children s Social Care 12 Police 26 Education-Schools/colleges 7 Hospital 1 Emergency Duty Team (EDT) 2 Early Intervention 1 Other local authority (OLA) 5 Other agency (Other Professional) 7 GP 5 London Ambulance Service 1 Parent 2 Youth Services 1 Childrens Home 1 Total Any successful strategy needs to consider the complex roles and needs of young adults and link to the Local Children s Safeguarding Board, Children s Trust Partnership and Community Safety Partnership plans in this area. As such this strategy will include support provided to young adults up to the age of 25 years where we have a statutory duty to do so. 6

8 4.5 Given that we should assume that CSE is occurring at a higher rate than is officially identified, to gain a more accurate picture of those who are victim to and at risk of exploitation, we will take a pro-active approach and: a. Undertake analysis to identify themes, types of abuse and hotspots in the local area and analyse the particular patterns and prevalence of CSE in Redbridge b. Identify the number of young people who may be at risk of sexual exploitation by using data from across agencies and national indicators where it is available 5. MANAGING RISK 5.1 To effectively manage risks and concerns we need to understand both the stages of exploitation and the categories of risk each young person is within. 5.2 Barnardo s have identified three stages of sexual exploitation 3 : 1) A young person is involved in inappropriate relationships 2) A young person is a victim of peer and boyfriend exploitation, which may be, but is not always, associated with groups and/or gangs 3) A young person is involved in organised sexual exploitation. This can involve moving young people around towns and cities for sex and sometimes the arranging of networks and exchange of money for sexual services. 5.3 Categories of risk The Association of Chief Police Officers and London Safeguarding Children Board have agreed an operating protocol 4 which includes three levels of risk based on a range of indicators. This framework is used when assessing the required response towards young people thought to be at risk of CSE: Category 1 A vulnerable child or young person, where there are concerns they are being targeted and groomed and where any vulnerability factors have been identified. However, at this stage there is no evidence of any offences. Category 2 Evidence a child or young person is being targeted for opportunistic abuse through the exchange of sex for drugs, perceived affection, sense of belonging, accommodation 3 Puppet on a String, Barnardo s Pan London Child Sexual Exploitation Operating Protocol February

9 (overnight stays), money and goods etc. The likelihood of coercion and control is significant. Category 3 A child or young person, whose sexual exploitation is habitual, often self-denied and where coercion or control is implicit. Young people assessed as being in Categories 1-3 will be provided with a range of services from relevant agencies informed by the specific needs of each cases. Specialist police interventions from the Child Sexual Exploitation teams will be provided for cases assessed as being in Categories Risk Assessment An exploratory model developed by Barnardo s 5 in 2006 used measurable proxy indicators to calculate estimates for the numbers of young people at risk of sexual exploitation in each London borough. It was estimated that between 20 and 40 young people would be likely to be at risk at any one time in each of the boroughs. Barnardo s stressed that these figures were likely to be underestimates as CSE tends to remain hidden in most local authorities. A risk assessment framework has been developed by Redbridge Police and London Borough of Redbridge which reflects the Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO) recognised Categories of Risk outlined above. This identifies the typical vulnerabilities in children prior to abuse and lists specific risks to be aware of under each of the three categories. To address this we will: c. Ensure the shared risk assessment framework in relation to CSE is disseminated and embedded through local guidance and training programmes. 6. INFORMATION SHARING AND GOVERNANCE 6.1 It is essential that information sharing across agencies is effective if young people at risk of or experiencing CSE are to be identified and supported at an earlier stage and if perpetrators activities are to be disrupted and lead to prosecutions. As CSE usually includes sexual abuse of children and criminal activity, then existing guidance on information sharing relating to seeking and potentially overriding of consent applies. As is the case with all children at risk of significant harm and their parents, victims of CSE must be supported through high quality casework which will include discussions about what information needs to be shared with whom and the reasons for this. However, specialist functions such as the local authority Sexual Exploitation Lead role, particular agencies and MASE/Local Children s Safeguarding 5 Meeting the needs of sexually exploited young people in London, Barnardo s

10 Board CSE sub group may need to develop additional protocols, particularly in relation to how children and young people, parents and carers are consulted and involved in investigations, how information shared is recorded and where, particularly in relation to our understanding of networks and interrelationships of perpetrators and their victims. 6.2 The London Borough of Redbridge will continue to nominate a lead for child sexual exploitation. S/he will have a significant role in ensuring all professionals understand their duties to identify young people who are at risk and provide them with effective support. The main strategic group for CSE is the MASE/Local Children s Safeguarding Board CSE sub group. This includes the local authority leads along with Single Points of Contact for each borough s Police command, nominated leads from health and education, and the Head of Service for Child Protection and Early Intervention. To ensure that this happens we will: d. Establish information sharing arrangements so that CSE data is shared safely, proportionately and effectively with CSE Champions e. Annually review the membership and effectiveness of MASE / Local Children s Safeguarding Board CSE sub group as the strategic group responsible for addressing CSE and its relationship with the LSCB and other strategic groups and agree a reporting process to ensure there are protocols in place to ensure needs are met in a co-ordinated way 7. PROCESSES AND PATHWAYS 7.1 The role of MASH The Redbridge MASH is developing a single point of co-ordination of all referrals and developing a better understanding of the level of need across the borough. MASH enables key agencies to come together to share information and intelligence, and to respond consistently to individual cases. As information has previously been gathered in a range of locations by different agencies, the role of MASH as the key hub where information is coordinated and processed needs to be emphasised. This will also ensure that children who are referred for reasons other than suspected involvement in CSE might also be highlighted if information from other agencies suggests that CSE may indeed be a risk. In addition, another key function of MASH will be to coordinate and present information in relation to networks of, and relationships between young people involved in CSE and their abusers. 7.2 The role of MASE The MASE/Local Children s Safeguarding Board CSE sub group is used as a strategic meeting to share information and intelligence and additionally receives feedback on operational 9

11 issues and individual CSE referrals in order to understand the nature and prevalence of CSE in Redbridge. It aims to reduce the number of children and young people at risk and provide a strategic overview of CSE in Redbridge. This will ensure that the common thresholds and categorisation for interventions in response to CSE will be consistently adhered to. The board is now chaired by a senior police officer and mandatory membership includes: Police Borough Single Point of Contact (SPOC) for CSE, Police Sexual Exploitation Team regional CSE SPOC, Chair of the LSCB, Children s Services CSE Lead, Health CSE Lead, Education CSE Lead, Youth Offending Team CSE Lead and any other agency including voluntary organisations, local care home manager and either statutory or non-statutory representatives working with gangs as appropriate. 7.3 The role of MAP The MAP is a multi-agency operational panel which reviews individual cases and provides multi-agency case management oversight, this includes looked after children placed in Redbridge by other local authorities. The panel meets every 4 weeks and is jointly chaired by a Senior Manager from children s social care and a Senior Police officer and has met 14 times between July 2013 and September The panel also considers young people from other local authorities placed in Redbridge where there are CSE concerns. In these instances the relevant social worker and manager from that authority attends the panel to discuss and manage their cases. The agencies attending the panel meetings include representatives from Children s Social Care, Youth Offending, Emergency Duty Team, Early Intervention, Brookside and the Police. 7.4 An important aspect of data analysis will be to identify possible gaps in intelligence or awareness about CSE. This might include the degree to which particular cohorts of children e.g. boys are not highlighted as being at risk of CSE prompting consideration as to whether this needs further exploration. 7.5 Services for young adults Sexual exploitation does not end when young people reach the age of 18. There is also that suggests that as they get older, some victims of CSE can play a role in grooming younger peers for abuse. While this strategy s prime focus is children and young people below 18, if risks to older young people are not addressed then this could dilute or undermine the effectiveness of our strategies to prevent CSE and protect children. Also, some cohorts of young adults, for example those with learning disabilities may be more effectively protected if the multi-agency framework developed for young people is adapted to meet their particular needs. Young people leaving care at the age of 18 are usually housed within the boundaries of the boroughs which were responsible for their care. The local authority continues to have responsibility for care leavers outcomes, potentially until the age of 25 and this group of young people are particularly vulnerable. Although the focus of MASE/ Local Children s Safeguarding Board CSE sub group is young people up to the age of 18, there is scope for the group to consider older young people, particularly those who are leaving care. 10

12 7.6 Special considerations Some groups of young people are more vulnerable to CSE and these groups need to be given further attention, support and protection Looked After Children Research and national investigations have indicated that children in care, especially those placed out of the local authority area in residential provision, are particularly vulnerable to CSE. The initial responsibility to respond to any concerns about CSE is held by the local authority in which the child resides. This would include MASH and MAP processes although it will not always be the case that such arrangements will reflect those in Redbridge. The child s allocated social worker has a significant role in maintaining regular, effective contact with young people regardless of the where they are placed. Along with Independent Reviewing Officers they also have a major role in relation to engaging and monitoring the views and behaviour of the young people concerned as well as ensuring effective communication with their carers. Children s social workers would be expected to attend any relevant local planning meetings in other authorities that take place in relation to CSE Engagement with Care Homes and semi-supported units for care leavers A review of recent statistics has shown that there has been an increase in the number of looked after children who have been placed by other local authorities within the borough. In autumn 2014 there were 9 children s homes and approximately 27 semi-independent units in Redbridge all of whom experience young people going missing, some on a regular basis. These young people are at significant risk of child sexual exploitation (CSE) and would benefit from early identification and a partnership approach to provision of service Missing episodes have an impact on Redbridge frontline services, both for the Council and the Metropolitan Police Service and there is a need to map in more detail than currently available the number of children in care and care leavers placed in Redbridge by other local authorities. A joint project between the borough police and children s social care is underway whereby residential children s homes are supported and challenged to reduce the number of missing instances, raise awareness of CSE risks and borough processes in order to improve outcomes for these young people Gangs Street gangs are usually involved in activities such as protecting territory, selling drugs or involvement in a range of other crimes. However, recent research has identified the prevalence of sexual violence within or between such gangs 6. Gang members, their associates and the professionals who work with them were found to often fail to regard such 6 If only someone had listened: Office of the Children's Commissioner's Inquiry into Child Sexual Exploitation in Gangs and Groups Final Report 11

13 violence as sexual exploitation. Gang-associated sexual exploitation has many similarities to wider CSE but has specific characteristics including the use of rape as a weapon in gang conflict or as a punishment. Young girls may be expected to offer sex to achieve status, to gain protection or as part of the initiation into the gang. There is also a risk that boys could be exploited through being coerced into initiation rituals which include sexual activity. To address these issues we will: f. Review and agree a common data-set which will be gathered for all children and young people referred to MASH where there are concerns in relation to CSE g. Continue to co-ordinate CSE intelligence through the MASE and MAP with other related data sources, e.g. in relation to gang activity and missing children, to ensure a comprehensive overview of related concerns h. Develop protocols between the MAP and the: - Placements Team to ensure an overview of children placed out of authority - Safeguarding Adults Board to co-ordinate responses and referral pathways for vulnerable young adults i. Ensure social workers and Independent Reviewing Officers maintain effective links with LAC placed out of authority and being vigilant in regard to the risks posed by CSE. j. Regard gang-related sexual violence as CSE and address it through the framework described in this strategy k. Work closely with residential and semi-independent care providers in the borough to support and challenge to reduce the numbers of young people who go missing and to strengthen the identification and protection of young people at risk of CSE 8. PREVENTION 8.1 If CSE is to be effectively prevented, it is important to ensure that awareness of CSE extends to staff in universal services, senior decision makers, children and families and other members of the community. Awareness should include an appreciation of warning signs and impact of CSE as well as understanding of how to intervene when there are concerns about individuals or groups of young people or suspected perpetrators. 8.2 The Redbridge LSCB currently provide the following training: Specific Level 3 training for specialist staff including the identification of need and risks in relation to CSE and safeguarding. Bwise 2 Sexual Exploitation, a Barnardo s programme which equips teachers, social workers and other professionals to educate young people about sexual exploitation. A range of related Level 3 training which addresses a range of risk factors related to CSE. This includes general training on Safeguarding Adolescents, E-safety and Safeguarding Children who may be involved in gangs. 12

14 8.3 Schools, youth services, health care providers and voluntary sector agencies should play a significant role in preventing vulnerable young people from becoming involved in increasingly risky behaviour or situations which may lead to CSE. Parents and carers should also be offered training to support prevention work. Clear messages about the quality of relationships that young people should expect as well effective sex education within the curriculum will improve resilience of young people who may be vulnerable to CSE. Agencies can also help young people understand risks associated with online communication or behaviours such as going missing. Relevant members of staff should be aware of strategies they can use in direct work with young people to reduce risk as well as knowing how to involve services which can help young people with specific situations relating to CSE. 8.4 Staff in agencies with day to day relationships with young people are likely to be a source of initial advice chosen by young people who are at risk of CSE, as opposed to statutory workers such as police officers and social workers. Such staff should therefore be provided with accessible information about CSE including behaviours which place young people at risk. 8.5 For staff in universal services to be confident in their potential role in identifying and addressing the sensitive issues arising from possible CSE, they also need to have clear access to expert advice and support from specialist workers. Such workers should be able to provide consultation and be able to guide frontline staff through the use of resources such as Bwise2 Sexual Exploitation Although the majority of children who are victims of CSE are not in the care system, looked after children are disproportionately at risk. Foster carer and residential staff should be aware of the indicators and risks relating to CSE and be able to provide support and guidance for children they care for in relation to keeping safe. To address this we will: l. Ensure all training courses commissioned by partner agencies or arranged through the LSCB cover CSE and reflect key elements of this strategy. This should include definitions, categories of concern and shared risk assessment tools and a review of training for foster carers and staff in residential children s homes in Redbridge to ensure it is effective in supporting LAC. m. Develop a suite of awareness raising materials for a range of audiences including universal services, children and young people, parents and carers and the wider community including the business community n. Work with local schools and youth services to develop tools to communicate key messages about CSE to children and young people in schools and youth centres 9 SUPPORT AND PROTECTION 7 Bwise2 sexual exploitation: a preventative education pack for use with 12 to 17 year olds in pupil referral units, residential units and schools. England and Wales, Barnardo s

15 9.1 Procedures for safeguarding and protecting the welfare of children from CSE are set out in the Pan London Child Sexual Exploitation Operating Protocol. Safeguarding children is everyone s responsibility and everyone who comes into contact with children and families has a role to play. Safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children is defined within Working Together 2013 as: protecting children from maltreatment; preventing impairment of children's health or development; ensuring that children grow up in circumstances consistent with the provision of safe and effective care; and taking action to enable all children to have the best outcomes. 9.2 Where it is believed that a child has suffered or is likely to have suffered significant harm, a referral will need to be made to the relevant local authority s front door service which where appropriate will pass referrals through the MASH whilst taking any urgent child protection actions as required. However, staff in all agencies also need to be clear of the referral processes they should use. Where staff are not sure whether a referral should be made, their concerns should be discussed with the MASH team. 9.3 These procedures inform practice in Redbridge including pathways and roles of key agencies. Where it has been established, following review by MASH, that the level of risk is at Category 1 or lower, a clear plan will be agreed by the local authority Sexual Exploitation Lead through a MAP meeting to ensure that identified needs are met and that young people involved in behaviour which may make them vulnerable to CSE are effectively tracked. 9.4 While preventing CSE, protecting victims and prosecuting perpetrators are key priorities, national research and guidance has indicated that there is a tendency to fail to provide sufficient support for victims, particularly during and after prosecutions. If such support is not provided then there is a risk that victims will be vulnerable to further exploitation. When planning interventions, MASE/ Local Children s Safeguarding Board CSE sub group will include consideration as to how best to provide child centred support for victims. This should include consultation with young people and their parents or carers as to the kind of support needed and the outcomes that are expected. A plan should also be agreed to support young people who have exited from exploitative relationships, involving relevant voluntary and early help services with clear access to support from specialist agencies should additional concerns arise. 9.5 Our approach to tackling perpetrators will be proactive and joined-up. Our aim is to target known perpetrators, disrupting their activities, increasing the number of prosecutions as appropriate. However, we recognise that gathering evidence can be challenging because victims may: Not believe they are being sexually exploited Distrust statutory services or adults in general Fear their peer group should they seek help, particularly in gang-related exploitation 14

16 Provide confused accounts of their experiences as CSE tends to take place in a range of settings, involving the use of alcohol and drugs and multiple perpetrators To address this we will: o. Improve services to victims by providing better support for them particularly those young people who have experienced sexual exploitation. p. Consult those having exited CSE to identify best practice for supporting current victims 10 INTERVENE AND EXIT 10.1 The strategic overview of CSE being developed by MASE is likely to identify concerns about particular localities, addresses, businesses or professions, particularly those related to the night time economy. Local strategies are likely to be led by the Police but will be more effective if planned with other agencies. Particular activities might include: Providing information for young people to improve their resilience and stay safe including ensuring that they have somewhere safe to live Equipping parents and carers of children at risk of CSE with simple strategies such as monitoring mobile phone and social media use, or recording details of cars belonging to suspected perpetrators Street operations and visible policing Use of specific Orders and Notices Use of licensing laws and powers Targeting particular professions or businesses Sharing information and intelligence in relation to highlighted locations, perpetrators or suspected perpetrators with school networks and relevant voluntary organisations Prosecution including role of and links to CPS Together with support and interventions we will ensure those working within early help services are aware of the indicators of risk and have a clear route to share concerns and receive expert advice to support victims to exit CSE. To address this we will q. Develop a high level disruption and prosecution strategy through MASE and the Community Safety Partnership. 11 PROSECUTION 11.1 As CSE is a criminal act, it is important that suspected perpetrators are investigated and where appropriate, prosecuted. Publicity resulting from prosecutions sends out a powerful message to victims that their disclosures can be effectively responded to. Meanwhile abusers or potential abusers are likely to become more aware of the potentially serious implications 15

17 of their behaviour. While safeguarding children is the guiding principle, many responses to CSE focus solely on children. Sometimes they will be removed from the location of the abuse without addressing the behaviour of abusers who may go on to exploit other children. It is acknowledged that prosecutions can be difficult, particularly because of the positions of power that perpetrators tend to have over their victims. However, there have been national developments such as Child Abduction Warning Notices which do not require victim cooperation, along with wider changes to how the criminal justice system tackles child sexual abuse announced in Prosecutions are more likely to be successful if they result from multi-agency planning and involve lead agencies such as the Crown Prosecution Service as early as possible. Young people are more likely to trust and confide in adults working for agencies they feel comfortable with and this will often not include the Police. Staff undertaking direct work have to be able to balance the need to support and reassure children with an awareness of how to assist in gathering evidence in an effective way. Therefore training programmes need to include information on disruption and prosecution The Inquiry into CSE by the Office of the Children s Commissioner 8 found that 28% of identified perpetrators were children and young people (the youngest being 12 years of age), and that many of these young people were also victims of exploitation and abuse. Traditional policing methods in handling sexual exploitation by adults are unlikely to work when a child is abusing another child. In such cases, children s services and others should aim to safeguard both, while ensuring that the exploitation ends. It is also important that support is provided to enable recovery of child perpetrators as well as victims. At the same time, where it is clear that a crime has been committed, for example in peer-on-peer gang related abuse it is important that relevant agencies coordinate a response using criminal justice systems if appropriate. Research 9 has shown that young people s reluctance to report incidents of sexual exploitation relating to gang activity resulted from a lack of confidence in the criminal justice system to respond effectively. r. We will develop effective links with the Crown Prosecution Service and a high level prosecution strategy through MASE/ Local Children s Safeguarding Board CSE sub group s. We will ensure that training and awareness raising programmes includes briefing about disruption and prosecution strategies 8 If only someone had listened Office of the Children s Commissioner s Inquiry into Child Sexual Exploitation in Gangs and Groups, It s wrong but you get used to it University of Bedfordshire and the Office of the Children s Commissioner

18 Action Plan Action By whom Date a) Undertake analysis to identify themes, types of abuse and hotspots in the local area and analyse the particular patterns and prevalence of CSE in Redbridge b) Identify the number of young people who may be at risk of sexual exploitation by using data from across agencies and national indicators where it is available; c) Ensure the shared risk assessment framework in relation to CSE is disseminated and embedded through local guidance and training programmes. d) Establish information sharing arrangements so that CSE data is shared safely, proportionately and effectively e) Annually review the membership and effectiveness of MASE as the strategic group responsible for addressing CSE and its relationship with the LSCB and other strategic groups and agree a reporting process to ensure there are protocols in place to ensure needs are met in a co-ordinated way f) Review and agree a common data-set which will be gathered for all children and young people referred to MASH where there are concerns in relation to CSE g) Continue to co-ordinate CSE intelligence through the MASE and MAP with other related data sources, e.g. in relation to gang activity and missing children, to ensure a comprehensive overview of related concerns h) Develop protocols between MASE and the: - Placements Team to ensure an overview of children placed out of authority - Safeguarding Adults Board to co-ordinate responses and referral pathways to vulnerable young adults i) Ensure social workers and Independent Reviewing Officers maintain effective links with LAC placed out of authority and being vigilant in regard to the risks posed by CSE. j) Regard gang-related sexual violence as CSE and address it through the framework described in this strategy k) Work closely with residential and semi-independent care providers in the borough to support and challenge to reduce the numbers of young people who go missing and to strengthen the identification and protection of young people at risk of CSE l) Ensure all training courses which are commissioned by partner agencies or arranged through the LSC should cover CSE and reflect key elements of this strategy including definitions, categories of concern and shared risk assessment tools and review training for foster carers and residential social workers to ensure it is effective in supporting LAC m) Develop a suite of awareness raising materials for a range of audiences including universal services, children and young people, parents and carers and the wider community including the business community 17

19 Action By whom Date n) Work with local schools and youth services to develop tools to communicate key messages about CSE to children and young people in schools and youth centres o) Improve services to victims to provide better centred support for victims and for those that have exited exploitation. p) Consult those having exited CSE to identify best practice for supporting current victims. q) Develop a high level disruption and prosecution strategy through MASE r) We will develop effective links with the Crown Prosecution Service and a high level prosecution strategy through MASE/Local Children s Safeguarding Board CSE sub group. s) We will ensure that training and awareness raising programmes includes briefing about disruption and prosecution strategies 18

Devon Safeguarding Children s Board Child Sexual Exploitation Risk Assessment Tool v. 12/11/15

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