Congested city destinations in Europe:

Transcription

1 Congested city destinations in Europe: maintaining acceptance for growing tourim Dr. Albert Postma, professor of scenario planning 17. Hamburger Tourismustag, Tourismus im Wandel 4. Oktober 2016

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4 PhD thesis (May 2013) Tourism-community relationships

5 Venice

6 Barcelona

7 Amsterdam

8 Rome

9 Rome Why is it called tourist season If we cannot shoot them?

10 London

11 Paris

12 Vienna

13 Berlijn

14 Munich

15 The dilemma Tourism important for cities Visitor pressure increases Residents increasingly negative, or?

16 The challenge Concerns of stakeholders Balancing pos and neg implications Manage increased pressure for a sustainable tourism future

17 The complexity of the problem Mulitifaceted product Multiple stakeholders Multiple external forces Contingent interrelations

18 Fremdenverkehrswert (Stillger, 1980) Measure of visitor impact on residents Fremdenverkehrswert ('tourism value') (number of overnight visitors divided by the number of inhabitants) Figures from 2013

19 The CELTH-study Copenhagen Berlin Munich Amsterdam Barcelona Lisbon

20 The approach Desk-research Expert interviews in each city Depth-interviews with residents Survey among >400 residents in each city centre Scenario-workshop with DMOs

21 Desk-research & Expert interviews 1. Spreading visitors around the city and beyond 2. Time-based rerouting 3. Regulation 4. Creating itineraries 5. Visitor segmentation 6. Make residents benefit from the visitor economy 7. Create city experiences that benefit both visitors and local residents 8. Communicating with and involving local stakeholders 9. Communicating with and involving visitors 10. Improve city infrastructure and facilities

22 Depth-interviews with residents Tourism Residents Critical encounters (positive) negative

23 Survey among residents Sense of attachment to the city & identity Attachment to tourism Positive critical encounters Negative critical encounters Emotional response Behavioural response Perceived impact on quality of life Support for future tourism development Preferred strategies

24 Top 10 of critical encounters Top 10 of positive critical encounters greater international touch (internationalisation, different cultures in the city) more events more positive image protection of historical parts of the city restoration of traditional architecture more seasonal jobs in tourism more cultural supply (museums, cultural activities, cultural events, etc.) greater numbers of tourist accommodations (hotels/pensions/hostels/apartments/etc) more opportunities to share knowledge and culture with visitors more leisure facilities Top 10 of negative critical encounters increase of price level/affordability of rental houses increase of price level/affordability of private houses increase of price level/affordability of taxis increase of price level/affordability of shops increase of price level/affordability of restaurants and cafés increase of price level/affordability of public transportation increase of price level/affordability of leisure facilities less housing for residents overcrowding of public transportation pollution, littering, noise Source: CELTH/ETFI, 2016

25 Attitude toward further tourism growth Attitude towards further growth of visitor number in the city and in the respondents' neighbourhood (2638 respondents evenly distributed over the city centres of Copenhagen, Lisbon, Barcelona, Munich, Amsterdam and Berlin) I feel that there should be no boundaries to the growth of visitor numbers I feel that there is still room for visitor numbers to grow further I feel that there is still room for visitor numbers to grow further, but not in the peak season I feel that there is still room for visitor numbers to grow further, but not in holiday flats I feel the growth rate of visitor numbers should be slowed down I feel all tourism promotion and marketing should be stopped I feel all tourism development should be stopped Other, please specify 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% In the city In my own neighbourhood Source: CELTH/ETFI, 2016

26 Top 5 of preferred strategies 1. Improve infrastructure and facilities (roads, parking, etc.) 2. Communicate with and involve local residents & businesses 3. Communicate better with visitors on how to behave 4. Distribute visitors better over the year 5. Create city experiences where visitrs and residents can meet

27 Scenario-workshop

28 Strategies for a sustainable future New business models New products or services Innovative concepts Innovative approaches, strategies

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30 European Tourism Futures Institute