RECENT DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING AND MACHINERY IN VIETNAM

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1 THE THIRD SESSION OF THE TAC OF APCAEM December 2004,, Hanoi, Vietnam RECENT DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING AND MACHINERY IN VIETNAM Country Report of Vietnam Presented by Nguyen Duy Lam (Ph.D( Ph.D) Vietnam Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Postharvest Technology

2 Introduction to Vietnam Agriculture i. An overview of Vietnam agriculture ii. The role of Vietnam in the Region (ESCAP, APEC)

3 I- An overview of Vietnam agriculture 1.1. Main Objectives: A transition towards commodity production Diversity and suitability of Vietnam agriculture into the world s s and region s s markets Integration of agriculture into the world's and region's economy

4 1.2. eco-economical areas: 1. North Mountainous & midland 2. Red River Delta 3. Central coast of North 4. Central coast of South 5. Central Highland 6. South Eastern 7. Mekong Delta

5 1.3. General achievements: Average growth rate over 4% in past 10 years. The agriculture of Vietnam contributed to the country economy with 24% of GDP, 30% of gross exportation value. In 2003, the GDP of agriculture, forestry and aquaculture was 131,998 billions VND (8.5 billions USD). Vietnam s s countryside has obtained a new appearance. Farmers living standards have improved.

6 1.3. General achievements: Continued Agricultural commodities meet the needs of domestic and export markets. Exported > 40 million tons of rice, averaging 2.7 million tons per year (15 years). In 2004, the rice export would be 4 million tons. Cultivation of other crops such as maize, coffee, tea, rubber, sugar-cane, etc. developed significantly. The ratio of industrial crops and fruit trees increased over 20 per cent compared with 1990.

7 No. Achievements in production of main crops in 2003 Crop Pro. area (1,000 ha) Yield (tons/ha) Productivity (1,000 tons) 1 Paddy rice 7, , Maize , Sweet potato + cassava , Groundnut Soybean Processed tea Coffee Rubber (dry latex) Sugar cane , Fruit (in 2001) ,700.0 Source: Vietnam Annual Statistics 2004

8 II- The Role of Vietnam in the Region (UNESCAP, APEC) 80% of Vietnamese agro-products exporting to the APEC (rice, fresh and processed fruits and vegetables) 70% of FDI to Vietnam came from APEC with much interest in agricultural technology and equipment.

9 B- Introduction to Vietnam Agricultural Engineering and Machinery i. Current status ii. iii. New achievements Impacts of poor technologies

10 I- Current status: As compared to 1990, the number of tractors has increased by 5.8 times. Domestic manufactured diesel engines times. Electricity provided for agriculture production has got a 3.2-fold increase. Considerable increase in the number of other farming, animal husbandry machines, rural transportation means. The percentage of cultivated area prepared by machines annually is 54%. Total of power supplied merely by engine for agriculture, forestry production and agro-products processing is nearly 14 million horse powers. Average 0.5 horse power per one cultivated hectare.

11 I- Current status: Continued Positive changes have been made in the processing industry of agricultural and forestry products. Average growth rate of gross production value of the processing industry has been 8.3% during the past 5 years. The processing industry got 30% of the total industrial production value. There have emerged a number of processing industries having advanced technologies and equipment (rice, sugar, coffee, rubber, tea, etc.), making structural changes and raising export turnover.

12 Main equipments used in agro-production No. (Updated in July 2002) Equipment Total number of 1 Tractor 239,554 2 Water pump 1,340,080 3 Engine thresher 446,790 4 Engine fumigator 36,658 5 Engine grinder for animal feed 44,343 6 Vehicle and engine boat for agiculture use 7 Electrical power for agro-use 42,650 2,000 Millions kw.h Source: Vietnamese Department of Statistics

13 Mechanization percentage in some agro-production stages (in 2001) No. Production step Mechanization (%) 1 Land work by machinery Paddy transplanting Irrigation Paddy harvesting < Paddy threshing Growth average of GPV of processing industry

14 Mechanization percentage in some agro-products processing (in 2001) No. 1 Rice milling Production step Mechanization (%) Adv. Technol. (%) Coffee 57-3 Ruber latex Tea Sugar Cashew nut Fruits and vegs 7-8 Meat 2 -

15 II- New Achievments & Current 2.1. Soil working: Needs Techniques for work with soil for paddy are almost determined, and many cultivating procedures and consultative recommendations are available for producers and farmers. At present, efforts are concentrated to cultivate on high land area with minimal technique and water-save ones.

16 II- New Achievments & Current Needs continued 2.2. Seedling production and transplanting Transplanting (mostly at RRD): Experience and foreign lessons learned has showed that Vietnam must develop transplanting machines with using mat paddy seedlings. Thus, research and development for mechanization of paddy cultivating is still a key duty in next duration. Direct sowing (mostly at MRD): Already developed. Mechanization in seedling production for industrial plants (sugar can cutter for planting, substratum packaging machine)

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19 II- New Achievments & Current Needs continued 2.3. Crop take-care Intensive research and application of water saving irrigation techniques have been carried out in a number of institutions and producers (state and private sector). Coffee, pineapple and many kinds of vegetables have been irrigated by using water spraying. The dripped watering usually applied in glass- houses for clean vegetables production with high productivity (seedless tomato).

20 II- New Achievments & Current Needs continued 2.4. Harvesting One item of machinery that can help improve the efficiency of rice farmers is the windrow reaper. This machine will reap and then drop the crop in a continuous windrow to the side of the reaper making it easy to pick and manually tie into bundles. Ideally a windrow reaper should be locally designed and manufactured and have low repair and maintenance costs.

21 II- New Achievments & Current Needs continued 2.5. Threshing Threshers are the main output of Vietnam s s research institutes Many different mechanical threshers are available to the farmer. There are issues relating to portability and designs have not been optimised to prevent loss, or breakage. No results are available on the impact of operating parameters on grain quality. Considerable amount of design effort has focused on developing a suitable combine harvester. However, the immediate problem is not related to deriving technical solutions, but rather, building a machine locally.

22 II- New Achievments & Current Needs continued 2.6. Transportation Transportation of rice and maize throughout Vietnam needs to be improved to decrease grain losses. There has been little or no research in this area, especially for fresh agro-commodities as fruits and vegetables. Vietnam has long and narrow sharp, so it need develop the North-South transportation system with accompanying with suitable preservation conditions. Such study has just being carried out last year for one kind of fruit - plum.

23 II- New Achievments & Current Needs 2.7. Drying continued Drying of rice and maize has been a priority focus for researchers in Vietnam. However, the uptake of this technology has been poor only about 15% of the rice produced in the MRD is dried mechanically. The technology solution is likely to be more attainable than actually getting farmers/communities to accept the new technology. Litchi drying: > 200 dryers have been built in summer 2004 in Bac Giang province (VIAEP technology). The advantage of dryers is in energy and drying duration saving, and low price.

24 II- New Achievments & Current Needs continued 2.8. Storage Need to improve the number, capacity, and quality of rice and maize storage facilities throughout Vietnam. Developing storage and handling procedures especially for rice and legumes that minimize afflatoxin production are also desirable. Research in Vietnam has investigated a number of engineering deigns for improving traditional storage facilities, development of IPM storage techniques and the use of natural insecticidal compounds.

25 II- New Achievments & Current Needs continued 2.9. Cold storage Cold storage and preservation are popularly used in fishery. However, agricultural producers and traders has recently realised the technology benefit and has interested in investment. A series of cold warehouses have been built for paddy seed keeping in last some year. Local authorities used cold storage for various kind of agro-products including seeds of paddy hybrids and potato bulbs, while private traders used cold storage for fresh fruit and vegetables (litchi, onion).

26 II- New Achievments & Current Needs continued Seed processing Recently, the Vietnam Government and Agriculture Sector have put their priority in this field by concentrating to establish a nation network for rice seed processing units along country. Up to date, the technology and equipment manufacturing for paddy rice and maize on pilot-scale has been completed and are under improvement for enlargement in production and transferring to local provinces. Technology and equipment need to be developed and improved for seeds of vegetables and flowers.

27 II- New Achievments & Current Needs continued Mechanization in animal husbandry Animal feed: capacity of tones per hour in closed modern production lines. The growth rate of industrially produced animal feeds is to be 10-15% 15% (expected in next 5 year).

28 II- New Achievments & Current Needs continued Machinery test Implementation of testing and evaluation of quality of agricultural machinery and mechanical equipment is duty of only Center of Agricultural Machinery Test (CAMT) belongs to VIAEP. Work focussed in last two years is mainly for paddy seed processing and coffee processing lines. Further works are continued for preparing criteria and national standards in technical issues.

29 IIi- Impact of Poor Technology on Agro- products 1% postharvest loss = 7 USD millions in MRD rice production Delay in storage, processing and consumption of fruits causes a 15-30% loss of the farmer s income Only 20-30% high quality rice after processing USD lower price per ton than Thailand s with the same variety

30 C. Recommendations and Proposals Increase the efficiency in activities for support of member countries, which are less development in agricultural engineering and machinery. Works (consultants/expertise) for establishing a strategy or master plan for each country or for only related institution. Promote bi-,, multilateral cooperation within network of member countries in order to share experience in a concrete issues, which may be interested by both sides. Each member country has high priority and has a representative person/institution for contact and providing exchange in information, document, experience, and if possible, in technology transferring.

31 C. Recommendations and Proposals APCAEM should have plans to support to member countries, which are preparing for attending to AFFTA. Build agro-industry development strategy for various eco-economical economical regions, which may cross borders of neighbor countries of for each country having the same conditions. Budget may be provided from a project (funded from International organizations such as UNDP, UNIDO, ADB, FAO).

32 C. Recommendations and Proposals Enlarge relation of APCAEM with other similar organizations over the world (ENTAM = European Network for Testing of Agr.. Machines, 13 countries + FAO; CEE-AgEng = Network of Middle and East European Agr. Eng.. Institutions; ENGAGE = European Agr. And Envir.. Protection Engineering Network) Vietnam needs and asks APCAEM and member countries to help for its development in paddy transplanter, sugarcane harvester, cotton harvester, cultivating on sloping land, and cold chamber equipped with controlled asmosphere.

33 Thank you for attention!

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