CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY OF NEPAL

Transcription

1 CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY OF NEPAL NEPALESE CIVIL AIRWORTHINESS REQUIREMENTS CHAPTERC.18 ISSUE 1, JUNE General FLIGHT DATA RECORDER Rule 80 of Civil Aviation Rules requires that the aircraft registered in Nepal shall be fitted with such instruments and equipment as may be specified by the Director General. ICAO Annex 6 also lays down the requirements of the installation of flight data recorder (FDR) on the aircraft. This chapter lays down the requirements for the installation of the FDR on the aircraft registered in Nepal and engaged in air transport operations. 2. Definitions 2.1 Flight Data Recorder (FDR) is a recording device installed on the aircraft to record the different parameters of the aircraft systems, its engines and other associated systems for the purpose of accident/incident investigation and flight data analysis. 2.2 Type I FDR Type I FDR is an FDR capable of recording all 32 mandatory parameters listed in Table-1 Attachment D of IACO Annex 6 Part I. 2.3 Type II FDR Type II FDR is an FDR capable to recording first 15 mandatory parameters of Table-1 Attachment D of IACO Annex 6 Part I. 2.4 Type IV FDR Type IV FDR is an FDR capable of recording all 30 mandatory parameters listed in Table-1 Attachment B of IACO Annex 6 Part III. 2.5 Type V FDR Type V FDR is an FDR capable of recording first 15 mandatory parameters listed in Table-1 Attachment B of IACO Annex 6 Part III. 2.6 Type IA FDR shall record the parameters required to determine accurately the aeroplane flight path, speed, attitude, engine power, configuration and operation. Note 1: The parameters listed under of ICAO Annex 6 Part I satisfy the requirements for flight path and speed. Note 2: The parameters under of ICAO Annex 6 Part I satisfy the requirements for the attitude: Note 3: The parameters under of ICAO Annex 6 Part I satisfy the requirements for engine power. Note 4: The parameters under of ICAO Annex 6 Part I satisfy the requirements for configuration. Note 5: The parameters under of ICAO Annex 6 Part I satisfy the requirements for operation. 1 2

2 2.7 A Type IVA FDR shall record the parameters required to determine accurately the helicopter flight path, speed, attitude, engine power, configuration and operation. Note 1: The parameters listed under of IACO Annex 6 Part III satisfy the requirements for the flight path and speed. Note 2: The parameters listed under of IACO Annex 6 Part III satisfy the requirements for the attitudes. Note 3: The parameters listed under of IACO Annex 6 Part III satisfy the requirements for the engine power. Note 4: The parameters listed under of IACO Annex 6 Part III satisfy the requirements for configuration. Note 5: The parameters listed under of IACO Annex 6 Part III satisfy the requirements for the operation. 3 Installation Requirements 3.1 The use of engraving metal foil FDRs shall be discontinued by 1 January The use of analogue FDRs using frequency modulation (FM) shall be discontinued by 5 November The use of photographic film FDRs shall be discontinued from 1 January Aircraft utilizing data link communication: a) all aircraft for which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued after January , which utilize data link communications and are required to carry a CVR, shall record on a flight recorder, all data link communications to and from the aircraft. The minimum recording duration shall be equal to the duration of the CVR, and shall be correlated to the recorded cockpit audio. b) from 1 January 2007 all aircraft which utilize data link communications are required to carry CVR, shall record on a flight all data link communications to and from the aircraft. The minimum recording duration shall be equal to the duration of the CVR, and shall be correlated to the recorded cockpit audio. c) sufficient information to derive the content of the data link communications message, and, whenever practical the time the message was displayed to or generated by the crew shall be recorded. Note- Data Link communications include, but are not limited to, automatic dependent surveillance (ADS), controller-pilot data link communication (CPDLC), data link flight 3 4

3 information service (D-FIS) and aeronautical operational control (AOC) messages 3.5 FDR on Aeroplanes Aeroplanes for which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued on or after 1 January All aeroplanes of a maximum certified take-off mass of over kg shall be equipped with a type I FDR All aeroplanes of a maximum certified take-off mass of over kg up to and including kg shall be equipped with a Type II FDR Recommendation- All multi-engined turbine powered aeroplanes of maximum certified maximum certified take-off mass of kg or less for which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued on or after 1 January 1990 should be equipped with a Type II FDR Aeroplanes for which the individual certificate of airworthiness was first issued on or after 1 January 1987 but before 1 January All turbine-engined aeroplanes of a maximum certified takeoff mass of over kg except those in shall be equipped with an FDR which records time, altitude, airspeed, normal acceleration, and heading All turbine-engined aeroplanes of a maximum certified takeoff mass of over kg that are of types of which the prototype was certified by the appropriate national authority after 30 September 1969 shall be equipped with type II FDR Flight data recorders-aeroplanes for which the individual certificate of airworthiness was first issued before 1 January All turbine-engined aeroplanes of a maximum certified takeoff mass of over kg shall be equipped with an FDR which shall record time, altitude, airspeed, normal acceleration, and heading Recommendation- All turbine-engined aeroplanes of a maximum certified maximum certified take-off mass of over kg that are of types of which the prototype was certified by the appropriate national authority after 30 September 1969 shall be equipped with an FDR which should record, in addition to time, altitude, airspeed, normal acceleration and heading, such additional parameters as are necessary to meet the objectives of determining: a. the attitude of the aeroplane in achieving its flight path; and b. the basic forces acting upon the aeroplane resulting in the achieved flight path and the origin such basic forces Recommendation- All turbine-engined aeroplanes of a maximum certified maximum certified take-off mass of over kg except those in should be equipped with an FDR which shall record time, altitude, airspeed, normal acceleration, heading and such additional parameters as are necessary to determine pitch attitude, roll attitude, radio transmission keying and power on each engine. 5 6

4 3.5.4 Flight data recorders-aeroplanes for which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued after 1 January 2005 All aeroplanes of a maximum certified take-off mass of over kg shall be equipped with a Type IA FDR Recommendation- All aeroplanes of maximum certified take-off mass over kg, as required to be equipped with a FDR and a CVR, may alternately be equipped with two combination recorders (FDR/CVR) Flight data recorders on aeroplanes- recording duration All FDRs shall be capable of retaining the information recorded at least the last 25 hours of their operation, except for the Type II A FDR which shall be capable of retaining the information recorded during at lest last 30 minutes of its operation. 3.6 FDR on Helicopters A Type IV FDR shall record the parameters required to determine accurately the helicopter flight path, speed, altitude, engine power and operation A Type V FDR shall record the parameters required to determine accurately the helicopter flight path, speed, altitude, engine power and operation Recommendation- All helicopters of a maximum certified take-off mass over kg required to be equipped an FDR and/or a CVR, may alternately be equipped with one combination recorder (FDR/CVR) A Type IVA FDR shall record the parameters required to determine accurately the helicopter flight path, speed, engine power, configuration and operation Helicopters for which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued on or after 1 January All helicopters of maximum certified take-off mass of over kg shall be equipped with a Type IV FDR Recommendation- All helicopters of maximum certified takeoff mass of over kg up to and including kg should be equipped with a Type V FDR Helicopters for which the individual certificate of airworthiness is first issued after 1 January All helicopters of maximum certified take-off mass of over kg shall be equipped with a Type IVA FDR with a recording duration of at least 10 hours. Note- A single, combination of CVR/FDR is acceptable FDR on helicopters- Duration of recording Types IV and V FDRs shall be capable of retaining information recorded during at least the last ten hours of their operation. 4. General Requirements 4.1 Construction and installation The FDR is to be installed so that: a) the probability of damage to the recording is minimized. To meet this requirement it should be located as far aft as practicable. In the case of 7 8

5 pressurized aeroplanes it should be located in the vicinity of the rear pressure bulkhead. b) it receives its electrical power from a bus that provides the maximum reliability for operation of FDR without jeopardizing service to essential or emergency loads; and c) there is an aural or visual means for pre-flight checking that the FDR is operating properly. 4.2 FDR container is to: a. be painted a distinctive orange or yellow colour b. carry reflective material to facilitate its location; and c. have securely attached an automatically activated underwater locating device if the aircraft is engaged in over water flight for distance equivalent to gliding distance in case of aeroplanes and autorotation distance in case of helicopters. 4.3 FDR- operation FDRs shall not be switched off during flight time To preserve flight recorder records, flight recorders shall be de-activated upon completion of flight time following an accident or incident. The flight recorders shall be reactivated before their disposition as determined in accordance with Annex The need for removal of the FDR records from the aircraft will be determined by the investigation authority in the State conducting the investigation with due regard to the seriousness of an occurrence and the circumstances, including the impact on the operation An operator shall ensure, to the extent possible, in the event the aeroplane becomes involved in an accident or incident, the preservation of all related flight data recorder records and, if necessary, the associated flight recorders, and then in safe custody pending their disposition as determined in accordance with Annex Inspection of FDR Prior to the first flight of the day, the built-in test features on the flight deck for the FDR and FDAU when installed shall be monitored Periodic inspection shall be carried out as follows: Each FDR installed on an aircraft shall be read out at CAA Nepal approved facility every six months to ensure that it is recording all parameters correctly for the nominal duration of the recording The analysis of the FDR should evaluate the quality of the recorded data to determine if the bit error rate is within acceptable limits and to determine the nature and distribution of the errors; A complete flight from the FDR should be examined in engineering units to evaluate the validity of all recorded parameters from the aircraft s electrical bus system need not be checked if their serviceability can be detected by other aircraft system The read out facility should have the necessary software to accurately convert the recorded values to engineering units and to determine the status of discrete signals FDR systems shall be considered unserviceable if there is a significant period of poor quality data, unintelligible signals, or if one or more of the mandatory parameters is not recorded correctly. 9 10

6 4.4.4 A report of the six monthly FDR read out shall be made available to CAA Nepal prior to the renewal of C of A of the aircraft

7 4.4.5 Calibration of the FDR system: a. the FDR system should be re-calibrated at least every five years to determine any discrepancies in the engineering conversion routines for the mandatory parameters and to ensure that parameters are being recorded within the calibration tolerances; and b. when the parameters of the altitude and airspeed are provided by sensors that are dedicated to the FDR system, there should be a re-calibration performed as recommended by the sensor manufacturer, or at least every two years