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1 TO GO TO ANY OF THE PAGES LISTED BELOW, CLICK ON ITS TITLE CHAPTER 2 Cell Structure and Function What is a microscope? What are cells? What are the main cell parts? What are other cell parts? 5 Relating Organelles to Common Objects Enrichment Activity for Lesson How do plant and animal cells differ? 7 Uses of Cellulose Enrichment Activity for Lesson Why do cells have different shapes? 9 Classifying Cells Enrichment Activity for Lesson How do materials move in and out of cells? How do cells obtain energy? How do cells produce new cells? 13 THE BIG IDEA Integrating Chemistry: How are elements and compounds part of living things? 14 Chapter 2 Key Term Review 15 Chapter 2 Test 16 Chapter 2 Answer Key 19 (c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved. Cell Structure and Function: CHAPTER 2, page 1

2 2-1 What is a microscope? PART A Complete the following. 1. What is a microscope? 2. What is a lens? 3. How does a compound microscope differ from a simple microscope? PART B Label the parts of the compound microscope. Skills: calculating, applying concepts, comparing Complete the following. 1. If the eyepiece lens of a microscope magnifies an image 10 times and the low-power objective lens magnifies an image 10 times, how many times larger will an object appear if the microscope is set on low-power objective? 2. If the eyepiece lens of a microscope magnifies an image 5 times and the low-power objective lens magnifies an image 25 times, how many times larger will an object appear if the microscope is set on low-power objective? 3. Which microscope has a greater magnifying power the microscope described in question 1 or question 2? (c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved. Cell Structure and Function: CHAPTER 2, page 2

3 2-2 What are cells? Complete the following. 1. Cells carry out all. 2. The first person to observe dead cells was. 3. The first living cells were observed by. 4. A theory is supported by. 5. Explain the three parts of the cell theory. a. b. c. Skills: comparing, contrasting 1. Describe the shapes of the two cells shown above in your own words. 2. How are the two cells alike? 3. How are the two cells different? (c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved. Cell Structure and Function: CHAPTER 2, page 3

4 2-3 What are the main cell parts? Complete the following. 1. The three main parts of the cell are the. 2. Explain the three functions of the cell membrane. a. b. c. 3. Most of the cell s activities take place in the. 4. The cell membrane is sometimes called the. 5. The control center of the cell is the. 6. What part of a cell controls cell reproduction?. 7. The nucleus is separated from the cytoplasm by the Skills: interpreting diagrams Identify the parts of the cell in the diagram below. a. b. c. (c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved. Cell Structure and Function: CHAPTER 2, page 4

5 2-4 What are other cell parts? Match each term in Column B with its description in Column A. Write the letter of the correct term in the space provided. Column A 1. small, round structures that make proteins 2. small structures in the cytoplasm that do special jobs 3. rice-shaped structures that produce energy for a cell 4. liquid-filled spaces in the cytoplasm 5. small, round structure that breaks down nutrient molecules 6. small network of tubes that transports substances 7. packages and sends materials to other parts of the cell Column B a. vacuoles b. ribosomes c. organelles d. mitochondria e. Golgi body f. endoplasmic reticulum g. lysosome Skill: identifying Complete the following. 1. How do cell parts work together to keep the cell functioning properly? 2. How is a cell like a factory? 3. What life processes need to occur in a cell to keep it alive? 4. Why do cells need ribosomes? (c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved. Cell Structure and Function: CHAPTER 2, page 5

6 Relating Organelles to Common Objects Enrichment Activity for Lesson 2-4 Skills: comparing, synthesizing PART A Describe the job of each cell part in the space provided. 1. cell membrane: 2. mitochondria: 3. nucleus: 4. ribosomes: 5. endoplasmic reticulum: 6. vacuoles: 7. Golgi body: PART B Identify the cell part from Part A that has a job similar to each of these objects. 1. egg shell 2. brain 3. closet 4. highway 5. meat-processing plant 6. electric generator 7. fence 8. computer control center 9. locker 10. mail room (c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved. Cell Structure and Function: CHAPTER 2, page 6

7 2-5 How do plant and animal cells differ? Complete the table by writing yes if the cell contains the structure or substance indicated on the left and no if the cell does not contain the structure or substance indicated. COMPARING PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS Structure or Substance Plant Cell Animal Cell 1. cellulose 2. nucleus 3. chlorophyll 4. cell wall 5. cytoplasm 6. cell membrane 7. mitochondria 8. ribosomes 9. vacuoles 10. chloroplast Skills: diagramming, labeling Label the parts of the plant and animal cells in the spaces provided. (c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved. Cell Structure and Function: CHAPTER 2, page 7

8 Uses of Cellulose Enrichment Activity for Lesson 2-5 Skills: applying, researching PART A Read the passage below. Then, answer the questions that follow the passage. Cellulose Cellulose is the material that gives the cell wall of a plant cell its strength. All fruits and vegetables contain cellulose. Vegetables that contain the stalk or leaves of plants, such as celery and spinach, are rich in cellulose. Wood and cotton also contain large amounts of cellulose. Many everyday products are made from cellulose. Cellophane is a thin, transparent material made from cellulose contained in wood. Paper is also made from cellulose removed from wood. Textile manufacturers combine cellulose from cotton with other substances to produce the clothing materials rayon and acetate. Rayon also is used to make tires. 1. List four substances that naturally contain large amounts of cellulose. 2. What are two uses of rayon? 3. Name two products made from the cellulose obtained from wood. PART B List ten products in your home that contain cellulose. Next to each product, identify whether it naturally contains cellulose or if it was made using cellulose COMMON PRODUCTS CONTAINING CELLULOSE Product Origin (c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved. Cell Structure and Function: CHAPTER 2, page 8

9 2-6 Why do cells have different shapes? PART A Identify each of the three types of cells shown in the diagrams below in the space provided PART B Circle the term in parentheses that best completes each statement. 1. The job of nerve cells is to carry (oxygen / messages) throughout the body. 2. The job of (nerve / red blood) cells is to carry oxygen. 3. A type of cell that does not have a nucleus is a (red blood / guard) cell. 4. Amoeba are unicellular organisms that live in (water / air). 5. The tiny opening on the lower surface of a plant leaf is a (stoma / guard cell). 6. Guard cells control the size of (stomata / red blood cells). Skills: contrasting, describing, analyzing Study the diagrams of the cells shown below. Then, answer the questions that follow. 1. What is the main job of red blood cells? 2. What is the main job of nerve cells? 3. Describe the shape of red blood cells. 4. Describe the shape of the nerve cells. 5. How are the shapes of each cell related to their functions? (c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved. Cell Structure and Function: CHAPTER 2, page 9

10 Classifying Cells Enrichment Activity for Lesson 2-6 Skills: identifying, researching, comparing Use your text or other reference materials to draw each type of cell shown below. Then, match each cell to its description. 1. Red Blood Cell 2. Nerve Cell 3. Guard Cell 4. Muscle Cell 5. White Blood Cell Descriptions 6. Controls the size of the stoma 7. Digests disease-causing organisms 8. Carries messages throughout the body 9. Carries oxygen 10. Makes bones move (c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved. Cell Structure and Function: CHAPTER 2, page 10

11 2-7 How do materials move in and out of cells? Write true if the statement is true. If the statement is false, change the underlined term to make the statement true. 1. A cell is the smallest part of a substance that is still that substance. 2. The movement of molecules from more crowded places to less crowded places is called osmosis. 3. Movement of materials through a membrane by using energy is called passive transport. 4. Most molecules move from places where they are crowded to places where they are less crowded. 5. A special molecule called a transport protein uses energy to push molecules through the membrane of a cell. 6. The movement of water through a membrane is called diffusion. 7. The cell membrane has tiny holes in it that allow materials to pass into and out of the cell. Skills: diagramming, using models, applying concepts Each symbol on the diagram below represents either a substance needed or not needed by the cell. These substances pass into or out of the cell by diffusion, using passive transport. Substances moving into the cell are needed by the cell, and substances moving out of the cell are not needed by the cell. Study the diagram below. Draw arrows in the diagram to show whether each substance will move into or out of the cell. Then, answer the questions that follow. 1. Is substance X needed or not needed by the cell? Explain. 2. Would substance Y move into or out of the cell? Explain. (c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved. Cell Structure and Function: CHAPTER 2, page 11

12 2-8 How do cells obtain energy? Complete the following. 1. A cell releases energy from food without using oxygen by. 2. Plants use sunlight to make food in their leaves by using a process called. 3. A plant breaks down sugar and releases energy using a process called. 4. Plants use the Sun s energy to produce oxygen and. 5. The ability to do work or cause change is. 6. Photosynthesis occurs in a plant s. 7. Fermentation causes cells to break down sugar into carbon dioxide and. 8. During photosynthesis, plants take in water and. Skills: interpreting diagrams Answer the questions about the diagram shown above. 1. What process is being shown by the substances moving into and out of this structure? 2. What is the name of the structure shown? 3. Which substances are combined to release energy? 4. Which substances are byproducts? (c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved. Cell Structure and Function: CHAPTER 2, page 12

13 2-9 How do cells produce new cells? Write the term that best completes each statement in the space provided. 1. The process by which cells produce new cells is called. 2. Cell division is controlled by the. 3. The cell parts that determine which traits a living thing will have are called. 4. During cell division, each chromosome makes an of itself. 5. During cell division, the nucleus divides in a process called. 6. The new cells formed during cell division are called cells. 7. During cell division, plant cells form a new cell membrane and a new. 8. The two cells formed by cell division are about the size of the parent cell. Skills: analyzing, sequencing Study the drawings of the stages of cell division below. Place the drawings in the correct order by writing the numbers 1 (first) through 5 (last) in the spaces provided. (c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved. Cell Structure and Function: CHAPTER 2, page 13

14 THE Big IDEA Integrating Chemistry Chapter 2 How are elements and compounds part of living things? Refer to the article, call outs, and Figure 2-31 on pages 58 and 59 of your text to answer the following questions. 1. What is an element? 2. What elements are needed for photosynthesis in a plant cell? 3. What are the products of cellular respiration? 4. What is the chemical formula for glucose? Skills: analyzing, inferring Complete the following. 1. What would happen if a cell did not receive glucose and oxygen? 2. What would happen if molecules could not pass through the cell membrane? 3. Why are ribosomes called protein factories? 4. Why are photosynthesis and cellular respiration sometimes referred to as opposite processes? Science Log Writing Activity Complete the Science Log on a separate sheet of paper. To complete the Big Idea Online, go to Follow the online instructions. (c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved. Cell Structure and Function: CHAPTER 2, page 14