Drug Lab Packet. Lab Partner Names
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1 Name Period Drug Lab Packet Lab Partner Names I understand that I am working as a group but I am to answer all of the questions. I should not copy someone else s answers. Collaboratively working in a group to discuss the answers is allowed but copying someone s answers is not allowed. Therefore, my answers should not match any one else s work, word for word. I understand that if all of my answers are word for word as someone else s, I will receive a 0 for my lab packet. My understanding is demonstrated by my signature. I understand that this packet is due on the date that is due. If it is late, I will receive 50% off the first day it is late and no credit after the first day of being late. I need to make up any labs during class time or before school in case of an absence and all make up labs must be completed by the due date. My understanding is demonstrated by my signature. 1
2 Chemical and Physical Properties of Drugs Procedure 1. In the first horizontal row of the spot plate, place a small amount of aspirin (no bigger than a grain of rice) into each of the three depressions. 2. Repeat steps 1 for each of the other five powders. 3. Add five drops of distilled water to each powder in column # 1 of the spot plate. Record your observations. 4. Add one drop of universal indicator to each of the depressions in column #1. Use a different toothpick to stir each one. Record the color and ph of each powder. Note whether the substances are acidic or basic. 5. Add two drops of hydrochloric acid to each of the powders in column #2. Record your observations. 6. Add two drops of ferric chloride solution to each of the powders in column # 3. Use a different toothpick to stir each one. Record your observations. 7. Carefully discard all the solutions into the sink and rinse the plate with water. Use a Q-tip to remove any residue from the wells. Data Table Aspirin Color Of powder Color With indicator Acidic or basic ph range Reacts with acid Yes or No If it reacts with ferric chloride, what color is the precipitate Tylenol Sodium bicarbonate Alka-Seltzer Excedrin 2
3 1. Name one physical property you observed in this activity. 2. Name one chemical property you observed in this activity. 3. If you test the ph of a drug and it turns blue in color, how could your rule out aspirin from the list of possible drugs? 4. If you add hydrochloric acid to a drug and a gas is released (you observe bubbles). What is a possible identity of the drug? 5. Excedrin contains aspirin and Tylenol. Are you able to tell a mixture is present by testing the chemical and physical properties of an unknown powder? 6. Explain your answer. 3
4 Qualitative Analysis by Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) Procedure 1. Label six test tubes by placing a piece of tape on the test tube and writing the identity of the drug on the tape. Aspirin, Tylenol, Motrin, No-Doz, Excedrin 2. Place a small amount of each drug to the appropriate test tube. 3. Add five drops of methanol to each test tube. 4. Add five more drops of methanol to the Tylenol and aspirin samples. 5. Swirl each test tube to dissolve the sample in the methanol. 6. Prepare six TLC sheets by drawing a pencil line across it 1 cm from the bottom. Write the identity of the drug on the back of the paper. 7. Dip an open-ended capillary tube into one of the test tubes. 8. Gently spot the sample on the appropriately labeled mark of the TLC paper. Be careful not to scratch the silica coating. 9. After the spot dries, repeat the spotting two or three times. 10. Repeat steps 7-9 with all of the samples. 11. Place the chromatography paper in the eluting solvent. Be careful to not let your sample touch the solvent. 12. After the solvent has risen through the paper, remove the paper. Mark the solvent front and let the chromatograms dry. 13. To develop the spots so they are visible, put each plate in a beaker with a few crystals of iodine. Cover the beaker. 14. Once the spots have developed, remove the chromatograms and circle the spots that have developed with a pencil. 15. Calculate the R f values and determine if the drug is a pure substance or a mixture. Tylenol: # spots developed Mixture or pure substance Distance solvent front moved Distance spot moved Calculate R f 4
5 aspirin: # spots developed Mixture or pure substance Distance solvent front moved Distance spot moved Calculate R f motrin: # spots developed Mixture or pure substance Distance solvent front moved Distance spot moved Calculate R f No-Doz: # spots developed Mixture or pure substance Distance solvent front moved Distance spot moved Calculate R f 5
6 Excedrin: # spots developed Mixture or pure substance Distance solvent front moved Distance spot moved Calculate R f Based on your Rf values, what are the ingredients in Excedrin?, and Explain your answer What was the stationary phase in this experiment? _ What was the mobile phase in this experiment _ Presumptive Test (screening test): marijuana Procedure: 1. Place 1 ml of standard into a test tube. 2. Place samples A-D in four different test tubes. Only place enough of the sample to touch the 3 mm line on the test tube. 3. Place 30 drops of Duquenois reagent to each test tube. 4. Shake each sample for one minute. 5. Place 15 drops of hexane to each sample. 6. A pink/purple layer will appear if the test is positive for THC. 6
7 Positive or negative Standard A B C D Questions: 1. What is a false positive result? 2. How would you determine if the result is a false positive? 3. Would the next step be to run a confirmation test on sample B and C? Would the next step be to run a confirmation test on sample A and D? _ 4. Name two confirmation tests that can be run. 5. What is the purpose of running a standard? 7
8 6. The mass spec graph of sample A is below: Is this a true positive test or a false positive test for THC? 7. What can cause a false positive? 8. If sample D was found in a suspect s car. The suspect had 75 grams or kg in his possession. This was the person s second offense. What is the prison time this person is facing? _ What is the fine this person is facing? _ 8
9 Other Presumptive Drug Tests that Use Color 1. Put a small amount (the size of a grain of rice) of each simulated drug in the well of the spot plate (as labeled below) 2. Add one drop from the labeled bottle of reagent to each sample. Mix with a toothpick if necessary. 3. Note and record any color change. 4. The D-K test for barbiturates is a two-step process: Add the D-K reagent: then add one drop of sulfuric acid. CAUTION: SULFURIC ACID IS SEVERLY CORROSIVE TO THE SKIN, EYES, AND OTHER TISSUES. 5. Write NR if noting occurs after the reagent is mixed with the drug. Write the color change observed if a reaction occurs. Layout for spot plate LSD ERL MARQ CO D-K Amphetamines Cocaine heroin barbiturates Unknown # What is the probable identity of your unknown? Questions 1. What is a presumptive test? 9
10 2. When can it be useful? 3. What are its limitations? 4. A sample of light brown powder found in the kitchen of an alleged drug house gives a blue color with cobalt thiocyanate. What is it? Is there enough evidence to prosecute? Explain your answer 5. A police officer found a white powder in the car of a suspect. The white powder is sent to the forensic lab. What is the first step the forensic scientist should do to identify the drug? Below is the result of the forensic scientist s presumptive test. ERL MARQ CO D-K White Powder NR Purple NR NR 6. What is the probably identify of the white powder? 10
11 7. What should be the next step? A. Call the police officer and tell him the powder is heroin B. Run more presumptive tests on the drug to confirm C. Test the drugs physical and chemical properties to confirm D. Run a confirmation test on the sample Below is the mass spec graph for this sample. 8. What can be concluded from these results? 11
12 Determining Concentration of a drug Part I: Determine the wavelength you will use for your cocaine sample. To choose the best wavelength for absorption, you will have to scan one sample at differnet wavelengths, looking for the particular wavelength that gives you the maximum absorbance. Cocaine in CO turns blue. Look at the color wheel below to determine which color will have the greatest absorbance. The color with the greatest absorbance should be. The wavelength of this light is. 12
13 Procedure 1. Choose a wavelength of 580. Fill a test half full with the blank solution. Wipe the test tube with a tissue to remove liquid, dust, and fingerprints. 2. Put the blank solution test tube in the sample compartment. 3. Close the lid of the sample compartment. 4. Adjust the display to 0.000A by turning the %T/A knob. 5. Take the blank out of the sample compartment. 6. Fill another test tube with the cocaine solution, wipe it off, and put it in the sample compartment. 7. Record the absorbance, A from the display. 8. Take the test tube out of the compartment and save it for subsequent measurements. 9. Choose 600 nm as the next wavelength, and repeat steps Repeat steps 2-8, increasing the wavelength by 20 nm until your reach 700 nm. 11. Plot A verses wavelength for an absorption spectrum. 12. Estimate the optimum wavelength for measuring the absorption of cocaine. Wavelength Absorption 13
14 Which wavelength should you use to make a calibration curve and analyze the samples? Part II: Making a Calibration Curve Record the absorbance of each standard using a spectrophotometer set at wavelength. 1. Set the spectrophotometer at wavelength you determined in part I. 2. Pick up the test tube only containing water. Wipe the test tube with a tissue to remove liquid, dust, and fingerprints. 3. Place the test tube in the sample compartment. 14
15 4. Close the lid of the sample compartment. 5. Adjust the display to A by turning the %T/A selector knob. 6. Do not touch any knobs for the remaining lab. 7. Pick up the 1mg/L standard. Wipe the test tube with a tissue to remove liquid, dust, and fingerprints. 8. Place the test tube in the sample compartment. 9. Close the lid of the sample compartment. 10. Record the absorbance in your data table. 11. Repeat steps 7-10 with the remaining standards. 12. Record the absorbance of your two unknown samples. Write your data in the data table on page 16. Data Table Concentration 1mg/L 2.5 mg/l 9 mg/l 19.5 mg/l Absorbance 15
16 Plot the points from your data table above to create a calibration curve. Part III Use your calibration curve to determine the concentration of your unknowns. Unknown 1 Unknown 2 Absorbance Concentration 16
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