Typical Application +5 V 8 VCC 7 VIOUT 1 IP+ 2 IP+ V OUT ACS IP FILTER 4 IP 5 GND C F

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1 Features and Benefits Low-noise analog signal path Device bandwidth is set via the pin 5 μs output rise time in response to step input current khz bandwidth Total output error.5% typical at T A = 5 C Small footprint, low-profile SOIC package. mω internal conductor resistance. kvrms minimum isolation voltage from pins - to pins 5-5. V, single supply operation 33 to 5 mv/a output sensitivity Output voltage proportional to DC currents Factory-trimmed for accuracy Extremely stable output offset voltage Nearly zero magnetic hysteresis Ratiometric output from supply voltage Operating temperature range, C to 5 C TÜV America Certificate Number: UV Package: Lead SOIC (suffix LC) Description The Allegro ACS75 provides economical and precise solutions for DC current sensing in automotive systems. The device package allows for easy implementation by the customer. Typical applications include motor control, load detection and management, switch-mode power supplies, and overcurrent fault protection. The device consists of a precise, low-offset, linear Hall circuit with a copper conduction path located near the surface of the die. Applied current flowing through this copper conduction path generates a magnetic field which the Hall IC converts into a proportional voltage. Device accuracy is optimized through the close proximity of the magnetic signal to the Hall transducer. A precise, proportional voltage is provided by the low-offset, chopper-stabilized BiCMOS Hall IC, which is programmed for accuracy after packaging. The output of the device has a positive slope (>V IOUT(Q) ) when an increasing current flows through the primary copper conduction path (from pins and, to pins 3 and ), which is the path used for current sampling. The internal resistance of this conductive path is. mω typical, providing low power loss. The thickness of the copper conductor allows survival of the device at up to 5 overcurrent conditions. The terminals of Continued on the next page Approximate Scale : Typical Application I P 7 ACS V OUT C F C BYP. μf Application. The ACS75 outputs an analog signal, V OUT. that varies linearly with the unidirectional DC primary sampled current, I P, within the range specified. C F is recommended for noise management, with values that depend on the application. ACS75-DS, Rev. 9

2 Description (continued) the conductive path are electrically isolated from the signal leads (pins 5 through ). This allows the ACS75 to be used in applications requiring electrical isolation without the use of opto-isolators or other costly isolation techniques. The ACS75 is provided in a small, surface mount SOIC package. Selection Guide Part Number Optimized Range, I P (A) Sensitivity, Sens (Typ) (mv/a) The leadframe is plated with % matte tin, which is compatible with standard lead (Pb) free printed circuit board assembly processes. Internally, the device is Pb-free, except for flip-chip high-temperature Pb-based solder balls, currently exempt from RoHS. The device is fully calibrated prior to shipment from the factory. T A ( C) Packing* ACS75ELCTR-A-T to 5 ACS75ELCTR-3A-T to 3 33 ACS75LLCTR-A-T to 5 ACS75LLCTR-3A-T to 3 33 *Contact Allegro for additional packing options. to 5 to 5 Tape and reel, 3 pieces/reel Absolute Maximum Ratings Characteristic Symbol Notes Rating Unit Supply Voltage V CC V Reverse Supply Voltage V RCC. V Output Voltage V IOUT V Reverse Output Voltage V RIOUT. V Output Current Source I OUT(Source) 3 ma Output Current Sink I OUT(Sink) ma Overcurrent Transient Tolerance I P pulse, ms A Range E to 5 ºC Nominal Operating Ambient Temperature T A Range L to 5 ºC Maximum Junction Temperature T J (max) 65 ºC Storage Temperature T stg 65 to 7 ºC Isolation Characteristics Characteristic Symbol Notes Rating Unit Agency type-tested for 6 seconds per Dielectric Strength Test Voltage* V ISO UL standard 695-, st Edition VAC For basic (single) isolation per UL standard Working Voltage for Basic Isolation V WFSI 695-, st Edition 35 VDC or V pk Working Voltage for Reinforced Isolation V WFRI For reinforced (double) isolation per UL standard 695-, st Edition * Allegro does not conduct 6-second testing. It is done only during the UL certification process. VDC or V pk TÜV America Certificate Number: UV Parameter Fire and Electric Shock Specification CAN/CSA-C. No UL 695-:3 EN 695-: 5 Northeast Cutoff, Box 536 Worcester, Massachusetts (5) 53-5

3 Functional Block Diagram (Pin ) Hall Current Drive (Pin ) Sense Temperature Coefficient Trim (Pin ) (Pin 3) (Pin ) Dynamic Offset Cancellation Sense Trim Signal Recovery Ampere Offset Adjust (Pin 7) (Pin 5) (Pin 6) Pin-out Diagram Terminal List Table Number Name Description and Input terminals for current being sampled; fused internally 3 and Output terminals for current being sampled; fused internally 5 Signal ground terminal 6 Terminal for external capacitor that sets bandwidth 7 Analog output signal Device power supply terminal 5 Northeast Cutoff, Box 536 Worcester, Massachusetts (5)

4 COMMON OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS over full range of T A, and V CC = 5 V, unless otherwise specified Characteristic Symbol Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Units ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS Supply Voltage V CC V Supply Current I CC V CC = 5. V, output open 3 ma Output Capacitance Load C LOAD to nf Output Resistive Load R LOAD to.7 kω Primary Conductor Resistance R PRIMARY T A = 5 C. mω Rise Time t r I P = I P (max), T A = 5 C, C OUT = nf 3.5 μs Frequency Bandwidth f 3 db, T A = 5 C; I P is A peak-to-peak khz Nonlinearity E LIN Over full range of I P, I P applied for 5 ms ±.5 % Zero Current Output Voltage V IOUT(Q) Unidirectional; I P = A, T A = 5 C V CC. V Output reaches 9% of steady-state level, no capacitor on Power-On Time t PO pin; T J = 5; A present on leadframe 35 μs Magnetic Coupling G/A Internal Filter Resistance 3 R F(INT).7 kω Device may be operated at higher primary current levels, I P, and ambient, T A, and internal leadframe temperatures, T A, provided that the Maximum Junction Temperature, T J (max), is not exceeded. G =. mt. 3R F(INT) forms an RC circuit via the pin. COMMON THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS Min. Typ. Max. Units E range 5 C Operating Internal Leadframe Temperature T A L range 5 C Value Units Junction-to-Lead Thermal Resistance R θjl Mounted on the Allegro ASEK 75 evaluation board 5 C/W Junction-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance,3 Mounted on the Allegro 5-3 evaluation board, includes the power R θja consumed by the board 3 C/W Additional thermal information is available on the Allegro website. The Allegro evaluation board has 5 mm of oz. copper on each side, connected to pins and, and to pins 3 and, with thermal vias connecting the layers. Performance values include the power consumed by the PCB. Further details on the board are available from the Frequently Asked Questions document on our website. Further information about board design and thermal performance also can be found in the Applications Information section of this datasheet. 3 R θja values shown in this table are typical values, measured on the Allegro evaluation board. The actual thermal performance depends on the actual application board design, the airflow in the application, and thermal interactions between the device and surrounding components through the PCB and the ambient air. To improve thermal performance, see our applications material on the Allegro website. 5 Northeast Cutoff, Box 536 Worcester, Massachusetts (5) 53-5

5 xa PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS over Range E: T A = C to 5 C, C F = nf, and V CC = 5 V, unless otherwise specified Characteristic Symbol Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Units Optimized Accuracy Range I P A Sensitivity Sens Over full range of I P, I P applied for 5 ms; T A = 5 C mv/a Noise V NOISE(PP) Peak-to-peak, T A = 5 C, khz external filter, 5 mv/a programmed Sensitivity, C F = 7 nf, C OUT = nf, khz bandwidth mv T A = C to 5 C. mv/ C Zero Current Output Slope ΔV OUT(Q) T A = 5 C to 5 C.6 mv/ C Sensitivity Slope ΔSens T A = C to 5 C.35 mv/a/ C T A = 5 C to 5 C.9 mv/a/ C Electrical Output Voltage V OE I P = A mv Total Output Error E TOT I P = A, I P applied for 5 ms; T A = 5 C ±.5 % Device may be operated at higher primary current levels, I P, and ambient temperatures, T A, provided that the Maximum Junction Temperature, T J (max), is not exceeded. Percentage of I P, with I P = A. Output filtered. xa PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS over Range L: T A = C to 5 C, C F = nf, and V CC = 5 V, unless otherwise specified Characteristic Symbol Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Units Optimized Accuracy Range I P A Over full range of I P, I P applied for 5 ms; T A = 5 C 5 mv/a Sensitivity Sens Over full range of I P, T A = C to 5 C 6 9 mv/a Peak-to-peak, T Noise V A = 5 C, khz external filter, 5 mv/a programmed Sensitivity, C F = 7 nf, C OUT = nf, khz bandwidth NOISE(PP) mv T A = C to 5 C. mv/ C Zero Current Output Slope ΔV OUT(Q) T A = 5 C to 5 C.6 mv/ C T A = C to 5 C.35 mv/a/ C Sensitivity Slope ΔSens T A = 5 C to 5 C.9 mv/a/ C Electrical Output Voltage V OE I P = A mv I Total Output Error P = A E, I P applied for 5 ms; T A = 5 C ±.5 % TOT I P = A, I P applied for 5 ms; T A = C to 5 C 6 6 % Device may be operated at higher primary current levels, I P, and ambient temperatures, T A, provided that the Maximum Junction Temperature, T J (max), is not exceeded. Percentage of I P, with I P = A. Output filtered. 5 Northeast Cutoff, Box 536 Worcester, Massachusetts (5)

6 x3a PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS over Range E: T A = C to 5 C, C F = nf, and V CC = 5 V, unless otherwise specified Characteristic Symbol Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Units Optimized Accuracy Range I P 3 A Sensitivity Sens Over full range of I P, I P applied for 5 ms; T A = 5 C mv/a Noise V NOISE(PP) Peak-to-peak, T A = 5 C, khz external filter, 33 mv/a programmed Sensitivity, C F = 7 nf, C OUT = nf, khz bandwidth 5 mv T A = C to 5 C.6 mv/ C Zero Current Output Slope ΔV OUT(Q) T A = 5 C to 5 C. mv/ C Sensitivity Slope ΔSens T A = C to 5 C.7 mv/a/ C T A = 5 C to 5 C.5 mv/a/ C Electrical Output Voltage V OE I P = A 3 3 mv Total Output Error E TOT I P = 3 A, I P applied for 5 ms; T A = 5 C ±.5 % Device may be operated at higher primary current levels, I P, and ambient temperatures, T A, provided that the Maximum Junction Temperature, T J (max), is not exceeded. Percentage of I P, with I P = 3 A. Output filtered. x3a PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS over Range L: T A = C to 5 C, C F = nf, and V CC = 5 V, unless otherwise specified Characteristic Symbol Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Units Optimized Accuracy Range I P 3 A Over full range of I P, I P applied for 5 ms; T A = 5 C 33 mv/a Sensitivity Sens Over full range of I P, T A = C to 5 C 5 37 mv/a Peak-to-peak, T Noise V A = 5 C, khz external filter, 33 mv/a programmed Sensitivity, C F = 7 nf, C OUT = nf, khz bandwidth NOISE(PP) 5 mv T A = C to 5 C.6 mv/ C Zero Current Output Slope ΔV OUT(Q) T A = 5 C to 5 C. mv/ C T A = C to 5 C.7 mv/a/ C Sensitivity Slope ΔSens T A = 5 C to 5 C.5 mv/a/ C Electrical Output Voltage V OE I P = A mv I Total Output Error P = 3 A E, I P applied for 5 ms; T A = 5 C ±.5 % TOT I P = 3 A, I P applied for 5 ms; T A = C to 5 C 5 5 % Device may be operated at higher primary current levels, I P, and ambient temperatures, T A, provided that the Maximum Junction Temperature, T J (max), is not exceeded. Percentage of I P, with I P = 3 A. Output filtered. 5 Northeast Cutoff, Box 536 Worcester, Massachusetts (5)

7 Characteristic Performance I P = A, unless otherwise specified Mean I CC (ma) I OM (ma) E TOT (%) V IOUT (V) V IOUT(Q) (mv) Mean Supply Current versus Ambient Temperature V CC = 5 V Magnetic Offset versus Ambient Temperature V CC = 5 V; I P = A, After excursion to A Mean Total Output Error versus Ambient Temperature Output Voltage versus Sensed Current V CC = 5 V I P (A) A Output Voltage versus Ambient Temperature I P = A I CC (ma) E LIN (%) Sens (mv/a) Sens (mv/a) Supply Current versus Supply Voltage V CC (V) Nonlinearity versus Ambient Temperature Sensitivity versus Sensed Current I P = A Sensitivity versus Ambient Temperature Ip (A) A Output Voltage Current versus Ambient Temperature I OUT(Q) (A) Northeast Cutoff, Box 536 Worcester, Massachusetts (5)

8 Characteristic Performance I P = 3 A, unless otherwise specified Mean Supply Current versus Ambient Temperature....6 Supply Current versus Supply Voltage Mean I CC (ma) V CC = 5 V I CC (ma) I OM (ma) V CC = 5 V; I P = A, After excursion to A Mean Total Output Error versus Ambient Temperature V IOUT(Q) (mv) E TOT (%) V IOUT (V) Magnetic Offset versus Ambient Temperature Output Voltage versus Sensed Current V CC = 5 V I P (A) I P = A Sens (mv/a) Sens (mv/a) I OUT(Q) (A) E LIN (%) V CC (V) Nonlinearity versus Ambient Temperature V CC = 5 V Sensitivity versus Sensed Current I P = A Sensitivity versus Ambient Temperature Ip (A) A Output Voltage versus Ambient Temperature A Output Voltage Current versus Ambient Temperature Northeast Cutoff, Box 536 Worcester, Massachusetts (5) 53-5

9 Definitions of Accuracy Characteristics Sensitivity (Sens). The change in device output in response to a A change through the primary conductor. The sensitivity is the product of the magnetic circuit sensitivity (G/ A) and the linear IC amplifier gain (mv/g). The linear IC amplifier gain is programmed at the factory to optimize the sensitivity (mv/a) for the full-scale current of the device. Noise (V NOISE ). The product of the linear IC amplifier gain (mv/g) and the noise floor for the Allegro Hall effect linear IC ( G). The noise floor is derived from the thermal and shot noise observed in Hall elements. Dividing the noise (mv) by the sensitivity (mv/a) provides the smallest current that the device is able to resolve. Linearity (E LIN ). The degree to which the voltage output from the IC varies in direct proportion to the primary current through its full-scale amplitude. Nonlinearity in the output can be attributed to the saturation of the flux concentrator approaching the full-scale current. The following equation is used to derive the linearity: { [ ( V IOUT_full-scale amperes V IOUT(Q) ) (V IOUT_half-scale amperes V IOUT(Q) ) where V IOUT_full-scale amperes = the output voltage (V) when the sampled current approximates full-scale ±I P. Quiescent output voltage (V IOUT(Q) ). The output of the device when the primary current is zero. For a unipolar supply voltage, it nominally remains at V CC.. Thus, V CC = 5 V translates into V IOUT(Q) =.5 V. Variation in V IOUT(Q) can be attributed to the resolution of the Allegro linear IC quiescent voltage trim and thermal drift. Electrical offset voltage (V OE ). The deviation of the device output from its ideal quiescent value of V CC. due to nonmagnetic causes. To convert this voltage to amperes, divide by the device sensitivity, Sens. Accuracy (E TOT ). The accuracy represents the maximum deviation of the actual output from its ideal value. This is also known as the total output error. The accuracy is illustrated graphically in the output voltage versus current chart at right. { [ Accuracy is divided into four areas: A at 5 C. Accuracy at the zero current flow at 5 C, without the effects of temperature. A over Δ temperature. Accuracy at the zero current flow including temperature effects. Full-scale current at 5 C. Accuracy at the the full-scale current at 5 C, without the effects of temperature. Full-scale current over Δ temperature. Accuracy at the fullscale current flow including temperature effects. Ratiometry. The ratiometric feature means that its A output, V IOUT(Q), (nominally equal to V CC.) and sensitivity, Sens, are proportional to its supply voltage, V CC. The following formula is used to derive the ratiometric change in A output voltage, V IOUT(Q)RAT (%). V IOUT(Q) / V IOUT(Q)5V V CC / 5 V The ratiometric change in sensitivity, Sens RAT (%), is defined as: Sens / Sens 5V V CC / 5 V Output Voltage versus Sampled Current Accuracy at A and at Full-Scale Current I P (A) Accuracy Oe v r Temp erature Accuracy 5 C Only Increasing V IOUT (V) Average V IOUT Accuracy 5 C Only Full Scale 3 A Accuracy Oe v r Temp erature +I P (A) A Decreasing V IOUT (V) 5 Northeast Cutoff, Box 536 Worcester, Massachusetts (5)

10 Definitions of Dynamic Response Characteristics Power-On Time (t PO ). When the supply is ramped to its operating voltage, the device requires a finite time to power its internal components before responding to an input magnetic field. Power-On Time, t PO, is defined as the time it takes for the output voltage to settle within ±% of its steady state value under an applied magnetic field, after the power supply has reached its minimum specified operating voltage, V CC (min), as shown in the chart at right. Rise time (t r ). The time interval between a) when the device reaches % of its full scale value, and b) when it reaches 9% of its full scale value. The rise time to a step response is used to derive the bandwidth of the device, in which ƒ( 3 db) =.35 / t r. Both t r and t RESPONSE are detrimentally affected by eddy current losses observed in the conductive IC ground plane. I (%) 9 Primary Current Transducer Output Rise Time, t r t t PO (μs) t r (μs) Power on Time versus External Filter Capacitance 6 I P = 5 A I P = A C F (nf) Rise Time versus External Filter Capacitance 6 in chart at right }Expanded. C F (nf) C F (nf) t r (μs) Open Noise (p-p) (ma) t r (μs) Noise vs. Filter Cap Noise versus External Filter Capacitance.. C F (nf) Rise Time versus External Filter Capacitance 6 6. C F (nf) 5 Northeast Cutoff, Box 536 Worcester, Massachusetts (5) 53-5

11 Chopper Stabilization Technique Chopper Stabilization is an innovative circuit technique that is used to minimize the offset voltage of a Hall element and an associated on-chip amplifier. Allegro patented a Chopper Stabilization technique that nearly eliminates Hall IC output drift induced by temperature or package stress effects. This offset reduction technique is based on a signal modulation-demodulation process. Modulation is used to separate the undesired DC offset signal from the magnetically induced signal in the frequency domain. Then, using a low-pass filter, the modulated DC offset is suppressed while the magnetically induced signal passes through the filter. As a result of this chopper stabilization approach, the output voltage from the Hall IC is desensitized to the effects of temperature and mechanical stress. This technique produces devices that have an extremely stable Electrical Offset Voltage, are immune to thermal stress, and have precise recoverability after temperature cycling. This technique is made possible through the use of a BiCMOS process that allows the use of low-offset and low-noise amplifiers in combination with high-density logic integration and sample and hold circuits. Hall Element Regulator Clock/Logic Amp Sample and Hold Concept of Chopper Stabilization Technique Low-Pass Filter Typical Applications C BYP. μf R 33 kω C BYP. μf R kω I P 7 ACS R kω V OUT C F U LMV735 R PU kω Fault D N9 Application. A Overcurrent Fault Latch. Fault threshold set by R and R. This circuit latches an overcurrent fault and holds it until the 5 V rail is powered down. V S I P R + kω LM ACS R F kω C F. μf V S R3 3.3 kω V OUT C pf Application 3. This configuration increases gain to 6 mv/a (tested using the ACS7ELC-5A). 7 V OUT C BYP. μf + U LMC677 7 V OUT C BYP. μf + U LMC677 Application. Control circuit for MOSFET ORing. I P ACS C F V REF I P ACS C F V REF Q FDS6675a R3 kω Q3 N7 Q FDS6675a R kω Q N7 R kω R kω LOAD 5 Northeast Cutoff, Box 536 Worcester, Massachusetts (5) 53-5

12 Improving Sensing System Accuracy Using the Pin In low-frequency sensing applications, it is often advantageous to add a simple RC filter to the output of the device. Such a lowpass filter improves the signal-to-noise ratio, and therefore the resolution, of the device output signal. However, the addition of an RC filter to the output of a sensor IC can result in undesirable device output attenuation even for DC signals. Signal attenuation, V ATT, is a result of the resistive divider effect between the resistance of the external filter, R F (see Application 5), and the input impedance and resistance of the customer interface circuit, R INTFC. The transfer function of this resistive divider is given by: R INTFC V ATT = V IOUT. R F + R INTFC Even if R F and R INTFC are designed to match, the two individual resistance values will most likely drift by different amounts over temperature. Therefore, signal attenuation will vary as a function of temperature. Note that, in many cases, the input impedance, R INTFC, of a typical analog-to-digital converter (ADC) can be as low as kω. The ACS75 contains an internal resistor, a pin connection to the printed circuit board, and an internal buffer amplifier. With this circuit architecture, users can implement a simple RC filter via the addition of a capacitor, C F (see Application 6) from the pin to ground. The buffer amplifier inside of the ACS75 (located after the internal resistor and pin connection) eliminates the attenuation caused by the resistive divider effect described in the equation for V ATT. Therefore, the ACS75 device is ideal for use in high-accuracy applications that cannot afford the signal attenuation associated with the use of an external RC low-pass filter. Pin 3 Pin Pin Application 5. When a low pass filter is constructed externally to a standard Hall effect device, a resistive divider may exist between the filter resistor, R F, and the resistance of the customer interface circuit, R INTFC. This resistive divider will cause excessive attenuation, as given by the transfer function for V ATT.. F Dynamic Offset Cancellation Voltage Regulator Amp To all subcircuits Filter Allegro ACS76 Out Pin 7 N.C. Pin 6 R F Resistive Divider Input Application Interface Circuit Low Pass Filter Gain Temperature Coefficient Offset C F R INTFC Trim Control Pin Pin Pin 5 Pin Application 6. Using the pin provided on the ACS75 eliminates the attenuation effects of the resistor divider between R F and R INTFC, shown in Application 5. Pin Pin Pin 3 Pin Hall Current Drive Dynamic Offset Cancellation Sense Temperature Coefficient Trim Sense Trim Signal Recovery Ampere Offset Adjust Buffer Amplifier and Resistor Allegro ACS75 Pin 7 Input Application Interface Circuit R INTFC Pin 5 Pin 6 C F 5 Northeast Cutoff, Box 536 Worcester, Massachusetts (5) 53-5

13 Package LC, -pin SOIC.9 ± A 3.9 ±. 6. ±.. REF X. C Branded Face SEATING PLANE.75 MAX BSC C.5 BSC SEATING PLANE GAUGE PLANE C PCB Layout Reference View NNNNNNN TPP-AAA LLLLL B Standard Branding Reference View A For Reference Only; not for tooling use (reference MS-AA) Dimensions in millimeters Dimensions exclusive of mold flash, gate burrs, and dambar protrusions Exact case and lead configuration at supplier discretion within limits shown Terminal # mark area B Branding scale and appearance at supplier discretion C Reference land pattern layout (reference IPC735 D SOIC7P6X75-M); all pads a minimum of. mm from all adjacent pads; adjust as necessary to meet application process requirements and PCB layout tolerances N = Device part number T = Device temperature range P = Package Designator A = Amperage L = Lot number Belly Brand = Country of Origin 5 Northeast Cutoff, Box 536 Worcester, Massachusetts (5)

14 Revision History Revision Revision Date Description of Revision Rev. 9 November 6, 5 Update rise time and isolation, I OUT reference data, patents Copyright 6-3, The products described herein are protected by U.S. patents: 5,6,39; 7,59,6; and 7,79,75. reserves the right to make, from time to time, such de par tures from the detail spec i fi ca tions as may be required to permit improvements in the per for mance, reliability, or manufacturability of its products. Before placing an order, the user is cautioned to verify that the information being relied upon is current. Allegro s products are not to be used in life support devices or systems, if a failure of an Allegro product can reasonably be expected to cause the failure of that life support device or system, or to affect the safety or effectiveness of that device or system. The in for ma tion in clud ed herein is believed to be ac cu rate and reliable. How ev er, assumes no responsibility for its use; nor for any in fringe ment of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. For the latest version of this document, go to our website at: 5 Northeast Cutoff, Box 536 Worcester, Massachusetts (5) 53-5