Electric Circuit. Vocabulary
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1 Electric Circuits Vocabulary Term Electric Definition The flow of electric charge. Electric Circuit Any complete path through which electricity travels. Closed Circuit A circuit in which there is a complete path for electricity to flow. Open Circuit Conductors A circuit in which there is a break so current can not flow. A material that easily carries electrical current. Insulators A material that poorly conducts electrical current or heat. Ohm s Law Series Circuit Parallel Circuit A formula that says the current flowing in a circuit is the voltage divided by the resistance. V = IR A circuit that has only one path for current to flow through. A circuit that has multiple paths for the current to flow through. Page 1
2 Activity And Then There Was Light! Focus Question: What are the essential components and configurations needed to make a bulb light? Equipment: One cell, one bulb, one wire. Directions: Make the bulb light using only the given equipment. Draw each successful circuit you create. There is more than one configuration that will be successful. You need to have at least two. Once you identified a successful configuration, you also need to trace the closed loop path around the circuit. Successful attempts (at least 2) Unsuccessful attempts (2) Conclusion: Consensus: Page 2
3 Symbols Used in Basic Circuits Sketch a circuit with 2 resistors, a light bulb and a single cell battery. Sketch a circuit with 3 light bulbs, an open switch, and a single cell battery. Page 3
4 Series Circuits Main Ideas Is the same erywhere in the circuit. Is different for each bulb/resistor. Total Add the resistance of each bulb. Adding a bulb Decreases brightness. Draw three 10 Ω resistors connected in series to a 6 volt battery: To determine the total resistance in a series circuit you add: R total = R 1 + R 2 + R Thus the total resistance of a circuit that has a 2 Ω, 4 Ω and 10 Ω resistor is: R total = R total = 16 Ω Page 4
5 Determine the total resistance in each circuit below Ω 3. 3 Ω 2. 3 Ω 4. 6 Ω Page 5
6 Information: and Ohm s Law The electrical resistance of a circuit component or device is defined as the ratio of the voltage applied to the electric current which flows through it: V = IR Triangle: V I R If the resistance is constant over a considerable range of voltage, then Ohm's law, V = IR, can be used to predict the behavior of the material. Page 6
7 Problem Solving Steps: 1. Write down givens and unknown. 2. Write down equation. 3. Plug in variables. 4. Solve for unknown. Don t forget proper units!!!! Example #1: If the = 2A and the = 500Ω, then determine the voltage. Looking For Given Relationship Solution I=2 amps R=500 ohms V=IR 1000 volts Example #2: If the voltage in a circuit is 160 V, and the current is 4A, then what is the resistance of the circuit? Looking For Given Relationship Solution V=160 V I=4 amps R=V/I 40 ohms Example #3: A 140 Volts is applied to a 200 Ohm resistor. How much current passes through the resistor? Looking For Given Relationship Solution current V=140 volts R=200 ohms I=V/R 1.43 amps Page 7
8 Classwork Practice Problems 1. A light bulb is plugged into a wall outlet (120 V). It uses 16 A. What is the light bulbs resistance? Looking For Given Relationship Solution V=120 V I=16 amps R=V/I 7.5 ohms 2. A flash light bulb is labeled to uses 1.77 A. Its resistance is 3.20 Ω. What voltage is the light bulb rated for? Looking For Given Relationship Solution I=1.77 amps R=3.2 ohms V=IR volts 3. A stereo speaker has a resistance of Ω. When it is operating at full power (exactly 200 watts) it uses 50 volts of electricity. What is the current drawn by the speaker? Looking For Given Relationship Solution current V=50 volts R=16 ohms I=V/R amps Page 8
9 4. A toaster plugged into the wall, (120 volts), uses 24 amps of electricity. What is the resistance of the toaster? Looking For Given Relationship Solution V=120 V I=24 amps R=V/I 5 ohms Information: Power The electric power in watts (W) is associated with a complete electric circuit. A circuit component represents the rate at which energy is converted from the electrical energy of the moving charges to some other form, e.g., heat, mechanical energy, or energy stored in electric fields or magnetic fields. For a resistor in a circuit the power is given by the product of applied voltage and the electric current: P = V2 R or P = I 2 R or P = IV Triangle: Classwork Practice Problems 1. Find the current drawn from a 1200 W hair dryer connected to a 120 V source. Find the resistance of the hair dryer. Looking For Given Relationship Solution current P=1200 watts V=120 volts R=V 2 /P I 12 ohms P V 2. A car lighter has a resistance of 4 Ω. If it draws from a 12 V battery, what is the power dissipated? Looking For Given Relationship Solution power R= 4 ohms V=12 volts P=V 2 /R 36 watts Page 9
10 Series Circuit Worksheet Be sure to NEATLY draw the circuit for each problem and fill in the table. Show your work!! Use the sample layout below. Page 10
11 1. A series circuit contains a 12-V battery and three bulbs with a resistance of 4 Ω, 6 Ω, and 8 Ω. Fill in the values in the circuit diagram below. What is the total resistance in the circuit? What is the voltage drop of each bulb? What is the current that each bulb uses? What is the power in each bulb? (amps) (ohms) Bulb Bulb Bulb Total Ω 2. A series circuit contains a 120-V battery and three bulbs with a resistance of 12 Ω, 20 Ω, and 60 Ω. Fill in the values in the circuit diagram below. What is the total resistance in the circuit? What is the voltage drop of each bulb? What is the current that each bulb uses? What is the power in each bulb? Power (Amps) (Ohms) (Watts) Bulb Bulb Bulb Total Page 11
12 3. A series circuit contains a 6-V battery and three bulbs with a resistance of 2 Ω, 4 Ω, and 6 Ω. Fill in the values in the circuit diagram below. What is the total resistance in the circuit? What is the voltage drop of each bulb? What is the current that each bulb uses? What is the power in each bulb? (amps) (ohms) Power (Watts) Bulb Bulb Bulb Total Series Circuits - Homework 1. A series circuit contains a 9-V battery and three bulbs with a resistance of 1 Ω, 3 Ω, and 6 Ω. Fill in the values in the circuit diagram below. What is the total resistance in the circuit? What is the voltage drop of each bulb? What is the current that each bulb uses? What is the power in each bulb? (amps) (ohms) Power (Watts) Bulb Bulb Bulb Total Page 12
13 2. A series circuit contains a 60-V battery and three bulbs with a resistance of 5 Ω, 10 Ω, and 15 Ω. Fill in the values in the circuit diagram below. What is the total resistance in the circuit? What is the voltage drop of each bulb? What is the current that each bulb uses? What is the power in each bulb? (amps) (ohms) Power (Watts) Bulb Bulb Bulb Total Page 13
14 Parallel Circuits Main Ideas Is different ross each bulb. (if the resistance is different) Is always the same for each bulb. Total : adding a bulb decreases the resistance. Adding a bulb Does not affect bulb brightness. Draw three 10 Ω resistors connected in parallel: Page 14
15 Parallel Circuit Worksheet Be sure to NEATLY draw the circuit for each problem and fill in the table. Show your work!! Use the sample layout below. 1. A parallel circuit contains a 12-V battery and three bulbs with a resistance of 4 Ω, 6 Ω, and 8 Ω. Fill the values in on the circuit diagram. What is the total resistance in the circuit? What is the voltage drop of each bulb? What is the current that each bulb uses? What is the power in each bulb? (amps) (ohms) Power (Watts) Bulb Bulb Bulb Total A parallel circuit contains a 120-V battery and three bulbs with a resistance of 20 Ω, 30 Ω, and 60 Ω. Fill the values in on the circuit diagram. What is the total resistance in the circuit? What is the voltage drop of each bulb? What is the current that each bulb uses? What is the power in each bulb? (amps) (ohms) Power (Watts) Bulb Bulb Bulb Total Page 15
16 3. A parallel circuit contains a 6-V battery and three bulbs with a resistance of 2 Ω, 4 Ω, and 8 Ω. Fill the values in on the circuit diagram. What is the total resistance in the circuit? What is the voltage drop of each bulb? What is the current that each bulb uses? What is the power in each bulb? (amps) (ohms) Power (Watts) Bulb Bulb Bulb Total Page 16
17 Parallel Circuit Homework 1. A parallel circuit contains a 20-V battery and three bulbs with a resistance of 2 Ω, 4 Ω, and 6 Ω. Fill the values in on the circuit diagram. What is the total resistance in the circuit? What is the voltage drop of each bulb? What is the current that each bulb uses? What is the power in each bulb? (amps) (ohms) Power (Watts) Bulb Bulb Bulb Total A parallel circuit contains a 60-V battery and three bulbs with a resistance of 5 Ω, 10 Ω, and 15 Ω. Fill the values in on the circuit diagram. What is the total resistance in the circuit? What is the voltage drop of each bulb? What is the current that each bulb uses? What is the power in each bulb? (amps) (ohms) Power (Watts) Bulb Bulb Bulb Total Page 17
18 Summary Information: Series and Parallel A series circuit (Figure 1) is a circuit in which resistors are arranged in a chain, so the current has only one path to take. The current is the same through each resistor. The total resistance of the circuit is found by simply adding up the resistance values of the individual resistors: R T = R 1 + R 2 + R A parallel circuit (Figure 2 & 3) is a circuit in which the resistors are arranged with their heads connected together, and their tails connected together [Figures 2 and 3]. The current in a parallel circuit breaks up, with some flowing along each parallel branch and re-combining when the branches meet again. The voltage across each resistor in parallel is the same. The total resistance of a set of resistors in parallel is found by adding up the reciprocals of the resistance values, and then taking the reciprocal of the total: 1/R T = 1/R 1 + 1/R 2 + 1/R Figure 1 Resistors connected in series. Figure 2 Example of a circuit containing three resistors connected in parallel Figure3 Circuit containing resistors in parallel, equivalent to Figure 2 If you add a resistor in: Series Parallel equivalent resistance increases Decreases total current in circuit decreases Increases current through each device the same depends on its resistance voltage across each device depends on its resistance the same Page 18
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