The Witch by Jack Prelutsky. An Analysis

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1 The Witch by Jack Prelutsky An Analysis

2 Nouns A noun is a person, place, thing, or idea. It can be concrete (you can see, taste, touch, smell, or hear it) or abstract( you cannot perceive it with the five senses. Abstract nouns are usually emotions). A noun can be common (non-specific) or proper (specific and captialized.).

3 Pronouns Replace nouns Instead of using the word boy or Jim, you can use he, him, his Instead of cat, you can use it. In a world without pronouns speaking would be complicated!!

4 Adjectives Modify (describe) nouns & pronouns Answer these four questions: Which one? What kind? How many? How much? Memorize these questions!!!!!!!!!!!!!

5 Verbs Shows action or a state of being Action verbs expresses physical or mental action Linking connects the subject of a sentence with a word in the predicate that explains or describes the subject ** Tip: If you aren t sure if the verb is linking or not, try substituting is or are in its place. If it makes sense it is alinking verb. Ex. The pie tastes delicious. The pie IS delicious. This makes sense so it is linking. Helping verbs--look like linking verbs, but actually helping verbs. They help the main action verb. The helping verb and main verb = verb phrase.

6 Adverbs Modify (describe) verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs Many times end in ly Can be in almost any position in the sentence Answer these four questions: When? Where? How? To what extent? Memorize these four questions for adverbs!!!

7 Prepositions Shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and some other word in the sentence. Always used in a prepositional phrase Prepositional phrase consists of a preposition and the object of the preposition Example: under the table, behind the car Prepositions are usually direction words.

8 Prepositions: Commonly used list Aboard above after along around before below beside beyond down except about across against among at behind beneath between by during for from in into like of off on past since through throughout to toward under underneath until up upon with within Without over

9 Paraphrase vs. Summarize Paraphrase Put a passage of material entirely in to your own words. You do not change the meaning of the text. It is about as long as the original text since the point is not to leave anything out but just to put it in your own words. Summarize Put only the main ideas of a passage in to your own words. It is always shorter than the original work. It is usually about 1/3 the size of the original.

10 Sound Devices in Poetry Alliteration The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words. Ex. I sell sea shells at the sea shore. Rhyme The repetition of sounds at the end of words that appear close to each other in a poem. End rhyme rhymes that occur at the end of lines. The tree was standing so high, But it looked like it was about to die. Internal rhyme rhymes that occur within a single line. The leaves were old and gold.

11 Sound Devices in Poetry Slant Rhyme words that include sounds that are similar but not identical. EX. Take care to hide when the old branch slides. Rhyme Scheme The pattern of rhyme formed by the end rhyme in a poem. It is shown by assigning a new letter of the alphabet to each new rhyme. Onomatopoeia The use of a word or phrase that actually imitates or suggests the sound of what it describes. Ex. Hiss, crackle, crunch

12 Figurative Language Figurative language is language that is used for descriptive effect, often to imply ideas indirectly. Types of figurative language Simile a comparison using like or as. Metaphor a comparison not using like or as. Hyperbole an extreme exaggeration, usually for effect. Personification a figure of speech in which an animal, object, or idea is given human qualities. ***Literal language is the opposite of figurative language. It means that the writing means exactly what it says and that there is no figurative language present.

13 Identifying Diction Diction the author s choice of words, taking into account correctness, clearness, and effectiveness. Denotation the most specific meaning of a word. In other words, the dictionary definition. Connotation The meaning that a word suggests or implies. It includes the emotions or aassociated with that word. Ex. Which has a more negative connotation: Slender vs. Skinny Short vs. Petite Fat vs. Voluptuous.

14 Imagery, Mood, and Tone Imagery language that is used to help the reader of a literary work see, hear, feel, smell, and taste the scenes described in the work. Mood the emotional quality or atmosphere of a story or poem. (In other words, how it makes you (the reader) feel happy, sad, scared, nervous, etc). Tone the attitude of the narrator toward the subject, ideas, theme, or characters in a specific work. (For example is the narrator angry, scared, happy, etc.)

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